Amphidinium carterae

Amphidinium carterae
	LM (above) and SEM (below) micrographs of A. carterae
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Clade:	Sar
Clade:	Alveolata
Division:	Dinoflagellata
Class:	Dinophyceae
Order:	Gymnodiniales
Family:	Gymnodiniaceae
Genus:	Amphidinium
Species:	A. carterae
Binomial name
	Amphidinium carterae; Hulburt, 1957
Synonyms
	A. microcephalum R.E.Norris; A. klebsii Carter 1937;

Amphidinium carterae is a species of dinoflagellates. It was first described by Edward M. Hulburt in 1957, and was named in honour of the British phycologist Nellie Carter-Montford. The type locality is Great Pond, Barnstable County, Massachusetts, USA.^[3] Some strains of this species are considered as toxic (against fungi,^[4] for example).

Distribution

Amphidinium carterae is known from both sides of the North Atlantic Ocean, the Bay of Fundy, the Gulf of Mexico, the Baltic Sea, the North Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. It also occurs in Brazil and New Zealand.^[2] It is found in shallow waters in coastal bays and estuaries.^[5]

Ecology

Amphidinium carterae is a species that sometimes causes algal blooms. In laboratory, the presence of a lysate of an A. carterae strain affects the embryonic development of sea urchins.^[6]

Use in research

Amphidinium carterae is a photosynthetic organism and can be cultured in the laboratory under suitable conditions of temperature and light.^[5] It is a peridinin-containing dinoflagellate, and has been used as a model organism for research. It has a highly unusual chloroplast genome with genes mounted on many small minicircle elements, and an unusual pattern of RNA metabolism.^[7]

References

↑ WoRMS (2015). "Amphidinium carterae Hulburt, 1957". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2015-05-05.
1 2 Guiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M. (2015). "Amphidinium carterae". AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. Retrieved 2015-05-05.
↑ Hulburt, Edward M. (1957). "The Taxonomy of Unarmored Dinophyceae of Shallow Embayments on Cape Cod, Massachusetts". Biological Bulletin. 112 (2): 196–219. doi:10.2307/1539198. JSTOR 1539198.
↑ Cutignano, Adele; Nuzzo, Genoveffa; Sardo, Angela; Fontana, Angelo (2017). "The Missing Piece in Biosynthesis of Amphidinols: First Evidence of Glycolate as a Starter Unit in New Polyketides from Amphidinium carterae". Marine Drugs. 15 (6): 157. doi:10.3390/md15060157. PMC 5484107. PMID 28561749.
1 2 David L. Spector (2012). Dinoflagellates. Academic Press. pp. 405–406. ISBN 978-0-323-13813-0.
↑ Pagliaraa, Patrizia; Caroppo, Carmela (2012). "Toxicity assessment of Amphidinium carterae, Coolia cfr. monotis and Ostreopsis cfr. ovata (Dinophyta) isolated from the northern Ionian Sea (Mediterranean Sea)". Toxicon. 60 (6): 1203–1214. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.08.005. PMID 22925842.
↑ Issues in Life Sciences—Molecular Biology: 2013 Edition. Scholarly Editions. 2013. p. 541. ISBN 978-1-4901-0746-2.

[WoRMS-1] WoRMS (2015). "Amphidinium carterae Hulburt, 1957". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2015-05-05.

[AlgaeBase-2] 1 2 Guiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M. (2015). "Amphidinium carterae". AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. Retrieved 2015-05-05.

[3] Hulburt, Edward M. (1957). "The Taxonomy of Unarmored Dinophyceae of Shallow Embayments on Cape Cod, Massachusetts". Biological Bulletin. 112 (2): 196–219. doi:10.2307/1539198. JSTOR 1539198.

[4] Cutignano, Adele; Nuzzo, Genoveffa; Sardo, Angela; Fontana, Angelo (2017). "The Missing Piece in Biosynthesis of Amphidinols: First Evidence of Glycolate as a Starter Unit in New Polyketides from Amphidinium carterae". Marine Drugs. 15 (6): 157. doi:10.3390/md15060157. PMC 5484107. PMID 28561749.

[Spector-5] 1 2 David L. Spector (2012). Dinoflagellates. Academic Press. pp. 405–406. ISBN 978-0-323-13813-0.

[6] Pagliaraa, Patrizia; Caroppo, Carmela (2012). "Toxicity assessment of Amphidinium carterae, Coolia cfr. monotis and Ostreopsis cfr. ovata (Dinophyta) isolated from the northern Ionian Sea (Mediterranean Sea)". Toxicon. 60 (6): 1203–1214. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.08.005. PMID 22925842.

[7] Issues in Life Sciences—Molecular Biology: 2013 Edition. Scholarly Editions. 2013. p. 541. ISBN 978-1-4901-0746-2.

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