Wikipedia

2002 FIFA World Cup

The 2002 FIFA World Cup, also branded as Korea Japan 2002, was the 17th FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial football world championship for men's national teams organized by FIFA. It was held from 31 May to 30 June 2002 at sites in Japan and South Korea, with its final match hosted by Japan at International Stadium in Yokohama.

2002 FIFA World Cup
2002 FIFAワールドカップ 日本/韓国 (Japanese)
2002 FIFA 월드컵 한국/일본 (Korean)
Tournament details
Host countriesJapan
South Korea
Dates31 May – 30 June
Teams32 (from 5 confederations)
Venue20 (in 20 host cities)
Final positions
Champions Brazil (5th title)
Runners-up Germany
Third place Turkey
Fourth place South Korea
Tournament statistics
Matches played64
Goals scored161 (2.52 per match)
Attendance2,705,197 (42,269 per match)
Top scorerBrazil Ronaldo (8 goals)
Best playerGermany Oliver Kahn
Best young playerUnited States Landon Donovan
Best goalkeeperGermany Oliver Kahn
Fair play award Belgium
← 1998
2006 →

A field of 32 teams qualified for this World Cup, which was the first to be held in Asia, the first to be held outside of the Americas or Europe, as well as the first to be jointly hosted by more than one nation. Four teams (China, Ecuador, Senegal, and Slovenia) made their World Cup debuts, with Senegal being the only debutant to advance from the Group Stages and make it to the quarter-finals.

The tournament had several upsets and surprise results, which included the defending champions France being eliminated in the group stage after earning a single point without scoring a goal, and second favourites Argentina also being eliminated in the group stage. South Korea managed to reach the semi-finals, beating Poland, Portugal, Italy and Spain en route. They became the first team from outside of the UEFA, CONMEBOL, and CONCACAF regions to reach the semi-finals of the World Cup. Along with South Korea, Turkey made its first appearance in the semi-finals as well. However, the most potent team at the tournament, Brazil, prevailed, winning the final against Germany 2–0, making them the first and only country to have won the World Cup five times.[1] In the match for third place against South Korea, Turkey won 3–2, taking third place in only their second ever FIFA World Cup, and scored the fastest goal in the FIFA World Cup history (10.8 seconds after kick-off).[2]

The 2002 World Cup was also the last one to use the golden goal rule and the last one to use the same ball for all matches. Starting in 2006 and continuing to the present, a ball with the same technical specifications but different colors has been used in the final.

Host selection

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Korean Air Boeing 747 adorned with 2002 World Cup livery marking South Korea as co-hosts
Japanese 10,000 yen coin for the 2002 FIFA World Cup

South Korea and Japan were selected as hosts by FIFA on 31 May 1996.

Initially, South Korea, Japan and Mexico presented three rival bids. South Korea's entry into the race was seen by some as a response to the bid of political and sporting rival Japan.[3] FIFA leaders were split on whom to favor as host as politics within the world governing body held sway.[4] With Mexico regarded as a long shot, the battle to host the tournament came down to South Korea and Japan. The two Asian rivals went on a massive and expensive PR blitz around the world, prompting Sultan Ahmad Shah, the head of the Asian Football Confederation, to step in.[3] FIFA boss João Havelange had long backed the Japanese bid,[4] but his rival in FIFA, UEFA chief Lennart Johansson, sought to undermine Havelange's plans.[4] UEFA and the AFC viewed co-hosting between the two Asian rivals as the best option.[4] South Korea and Japan were finally faced with a choice of having no World Cup or a shared World Cup and they reluctantly chose to go along with co-hosting.[4] South Korea and Japan were chosen unanimously as co-hosts in preference to Mexico.[5]

This was the first World Cup to be hosted by more than one country, the second being the 2026 World Cup, which will be hosted by the United States, Mexico and Canada. This is also the first ever World Cup to be hosted in Asia, the other being the 2022 World Cup hosted by Qatar twenty years later and the first World Cup to be held outside of Europe and the Americas. The general secretary of South Korea's bidding committee, Song Young-shik, stated that FIFA was interested in staging some matches in North Korea in order to aid Korean reunification, but it was ruled out.[6] Though co-hosting the World Cup allowed Japan and South Korea to collaborate, the event did not significantly alter relations between the two countries, which have historically been strained.[7] Even so, the World Cup promoted a global vision of cooperation between Japan and South Korea.[7]

After being prevented from hosting along with South Korea, North Korea decided to host their own sports event, the Arirang Mass Games, at the same time as the World Cup. This is not unlike their course of action during the 1988 Seoul Olympics, where they decided to host the 13th World Festival of Youth and Students simultaneously.[8]

At the time the decision was made, Japan had never qualified for a World Cup final (although the Japanese did subsequently qualify for the 1998 competition). The only other countries to have been awarded a World Cup without previously having competed in a final tournament are Italy in 1934 and Qatar in 2022 (Uruguay hosted the first World Cup in 1930 so there was no prior tournament; they were defending Olympic champions from 1928).

Qualification

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199 teams attempted to qualify for the 2002 World Cup. The qualification process began with the preliminary draw held in Tokyo on 7 December 1999. Defending champions France and co-hosts South Korea and Japan qualified automatically and did not have to play any qualification matches. This was the final World Cup in which the defending champions qualified automatically and played the opening game.[9]

14 places were contested by UEFA teams (Europe), five by CAF teams (Africa), four by CONMEBOL teams (South America), four by AFC teams (Asia) and three by CONCACAF teams (North and Central America and the Caribbean). The remaining two places were decided by playoffs between AFC and UEFA and between CONMEBOL and OFC (Oceania). Four nations qualified for the finals for the first time: China, Ecuador, Senegal and Slovenia.

Turkey qualified for the first time since 1954, Poland and Portugal both qualified for the first time since 1986 and Costa Rica and Uruguay qualified for the first time since 1990. Sweden, Russia and the Republic of Ireland also returned after missing the 1998 World Cup. South Korea became the first nation from outside Europe or the Americas to appear five successive finals tournaments.

All seven previous World Cup-winning nations (Argentina, Brazil, England, France, Germany, Italy, and Uruguay) qualified, which broke the record of most previous champions at a tournament before the record was broken again in 2014 with the addition of Spain (who won the 2010 tournament).

The highest-ranked team that did not qualify was Colombia (ranked 4th), while the lowest-ranked team that did qualify was China (ranked 50th).

List of qualified teams

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The following 32 teams, shown with final pre-tournament rankings,[10] qualified for the final tournament:

As of 2026, this was the last time the Republic of Ireland qualified for the World Cup finals, the only time China have qualified, and the last time Australia and Switzerland failed to qualify.

Venues

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South Korea and Japan each provided 10 venues, the vast majority of them newly built for the tournament. Groups A–D played all their matches in South Korea and Groups E–H played all their matches in Japan.[11] The stadiums in Daegu, Suwon, Yokohama and Saitama all hosted 4 matches each, while the other 16 stadiums hosted 3 matches each. Notably, no matches were played in Tokyo, making it the second capital of a host country not to have a World Cup venue after Bonn of West Germany in 1974, however the cities of Saitama and Yokohama which are part of the Greater Tokyo Area did host matches.[a]

  • A dagger (†) denotes an indoor stadium.
South Korea South Korea
Daegu Seoul Busan Incheon Ulsan
Daegu World Cup Stadium Seoul World Cup Stadium Busan Asiad Stadium Incheon World Cup Stadium Ulsan Munsu Football Stadium
Capacity: 68,014[12][b] Capacity: 63,961[13][c] Capacity: 55,982[14][d] Capacity: 52,179[15][e] Capacity: 43,550[16][f]
Suwon Gwangju Jeonju Seogwipo Daejeon
Suwon World Cup Stadium Gwangju World Cup Stadium Jeonju World Cup Stadium Jeju World Cup Stadium Daejeon World Cup Stadium
Capacity: 43,188[17][g] Capacity: 42,880[18][h] Capacity: 42,391[19][i] Capacity: 42,256[20][j] Capacity: 40,407[21][k]

South Korea

Japan

Japan Japan
Yokohama Saitama Shizuoka
(Fukuroi, Shizuoka)		 Osaka Miyagi
(Rifu, Miyagi)
International Stadium Yokohama Saitama Stadium Shizuoka Stadium ECOPA Nagai Stadium Miyagi Stadium
Capacity: 72,327[22][l] Capacity: 63,000[23][m] Capacity: 50,600[24][n] Capacity: 50,000[25][o] Capacity: 49,000[26][p]
Ōita Niigata Kashima Kobe Sapporo
Ōita Stadium† Niigata Stadium Kashima Stadium Kobe Wing Stadium Sapporo Dome†
Capacity: 43,000[27][q] Capacity: 42,300[28][r] Capacity: 42,000[29][s] Capacity: 42,000[30][t] Capacity: 42,000[31][u]

Match officials

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There was much controversy over the refereeing in the tournament.[32] Questionable decisions in the match between Italy and South Korea resulted in 400,000 complaints, and featured in ESPN's 10 most fabled World Cup controversies.[33] The match between Spain and South Korea featured two controversially disallowed Spanish goals, which Iván Helguera referred to as "a robbery" and led to Spanish press brandishing the officials "thieves of dreams", though FIFA dismissed the incident as human error.[34][35]

Squads

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This was the first World Cup that featured squads of 23 players, an increase from 22 previously. Of the 23 players, three must be goalkeepers.

Draw

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The FIFA Organising Committee announced the eight seeded teams on 28 November 2001. The historic tradition to seed the hosts (Japan and South Korea) and holders (France) was upheld while the remaining five seeds were granted to the other five of the top six teams—ranked by their results in the last three FIFA World Cups (ratio 3:2:1) and their FIFA World Ranking position in the last month of the past three years (equal ratio).[36]

For the draw, the 32 teams were allocated into four pots; the eight top-seeded teams, were allocated in pot 1 and would be drawn/selected into the first position of the eight groups playing in the group stage. The remaining 24 unseeded teams, were allocated into three pots based on geographical sections, with the: 11 European teams in pot 2; two Asian teams and three South American teams in pot 3; three North American teams and five African teams in pot 4.[37]

The general principle was to draw one team from each pot into the eight groups, although with special combined procedures for pot 2 and pot 3, due to comprising more/less than eight teams - but sixteen teams in total. At the same time, the draw also needed to respect the geographical limitation, that each group cannot feature more than one team from each confederation, except for the European teams where the limitation was maximum two per group. Finally, special limitations were also stipulated to evenly distribute the presence of teams from each confederation between the groups playing respectively in Korea (group A-D) and Japan (group E-H); however, for political considerations, China could only be drawn for one of the groups playing in Korea.[37]

Pot 1
Top-seeded teams
(DC + hosts + top 5 seeds)		 Pot 2
Europe
(UEFA)		 Pot 3
Asia & South America
(AFC & CONMEBOL)		 Pot 4
Africa & North America
(CAF & CONCACAF)

The FIFA Organising Committee decided ahead of the draw to place the defending champions (France) in Group A while the co-hosts South Korea and Japan were placed in Group D and Group H respectively. The procedure for the draw comprised the following six steps:[37][38]

  1. Pot 1 was used to draw, in alphabetical group order, the remaining five top-seeded teams for the first position of groups B, C, E, F and G; while respecting the restriction that one of the two South American seeds (Brazil and Argentina) had to play in a group played in South Korea (B/C) and the other had to play in a group played in Japan (E/F/G).
  2. Pot 2 was used to draw one European team to each of the eight groups (drawing unrestricted in alphabetical order from A to H).
  3. As per the FIFA rule of only allowing a maximum of two European teams in each group, the remaining three European teams from Pot 2 were subject to a second draw, to be put in either of the four groups containing a top-seeded South American team or Asian team. This was done by first drawing the European team from Pot 2, and then drawing which seeded opponent the European team should be paired with, from a special bowl with four blue balls containing the names of Brazil, Argentina, Japan and South Korea.
  4. Pot 3 was used to draw one team to each of the five groups with an empty third slot (drawing in alphabetical order from A to H); while respecting the geographical restrictions, that:
    1. None of the unseeded South American teams (Ecuador, Paraguay, Uruguay) from pot 3 could be drawn into a group with a seeded South American team (Brazil and Argentina).
    2. None of the unseeded Asian teams (Saudi Arabia and China) from pot 3 could be drawn into a group with a seeded Asian team (South Korea and Japan in Group D and H); along with the overall rule that China had to play in South Korea (meaning either group A, B or C) and that Saudi Arabia had to play in Japan (meaning either group E, F or G).
  5. Pot 4 was used to draw one team to each of the eight groups (drawing in alphabetical order from A to H); while respecting the restrictions that:
    1. A minimum of one North American team and minimum of two African teams should be drawn to a group located in South Korea (Group A/B/C/D)
    2. A minimum of one North American team and minimum of two African teams should be drawn to a group located in Japan (Group E/F/G/H)
  6. To decide the match schedules, the exact group position number for the un-seeded teams in each group (2, 3 or 4), were also drawn immediately from eight special group bowls, after each respective team had been drawn from pot 2, 3 and 4.

Besides drawing the teams, the event also featured American vocalist Anastacia giving a debut public performance of the official song of the World Cup, "Boom".[39][40] The draw was conducted by FIFA general secretary Michel Zen-Ruffinen, and many celebrities helped with the draw such as former players Pelé, Johan Cruyff, Michel Platini, Enrique Borja and Roger Milla, players of the time like Hong Myung-bo and Masami Ihara, women's football player Sun Wen, women's football referee Im Eun-ju, mountain climber Park Young-seok, actress Song Hye-kyo and chess player Cho Hoon-hyun.

Draw results and group fixtures

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The draw resulted in the following eight groups:[38]

Group A (Korea)
PosTeam
A1 France
A2 Senegal
A3 Uruguay
A4 Denmark
Group B (Korea)
PosTeam
B1 Spain
B2 Slovenia
B3 Paraguay
B4 South Africa
Group C (Korea)
PosTeam
C1 Brazil
C2 Turkey
C3 China
C4 Costa Rica
Group D (Korea)
PosTeam
D1 South Korea
D2 Poland
D3 United States
D4 Portugal


Group E (Japan)
PosTeam
E1 Germany
E2 Saudi Arabia
E3 Republic of Ireland
E4 Cameroon
Group F (Japan)
PosTeam
F1 Argentina
F2 Nigeria
F3 England
F4 Sweden
Group G (Japan)
PosTeam
G1 Italy
G2 Ecuador
G3 Croatia
G4 Mexico
Group H (Japan)
PosTeam
H1 Japan
H2 Belgium
H3 Russia
H4 Tunisia

In each group, the teams played three matches, one against each of the other teams. Victories were granted 3 points, while a draw was equal to 1 point. After completion of the group stage, the best two teams of each group advanced to the Round of 16 in the knockout stage, in a way so all group winners started out meeting a runner-up from one of the other groups. This format was identical with the tournament structure being used in 1998. A total of 64 games were played, including the final and a match for third place between the two semi-final losers.

Group F was considered the group of death as it brought together Argentina, England, Nigeria and Sweden.[39]

The fixtures for the group stage were decided based on the draw results, as follows:

Group stage schedule
Matchday Dates Matches
Matchday 1 31 May – 5 June 2002 1 v 2, 3 v 4
Matchday 2 5–10 June 2002 1 v 3, 4 v 2
Matchday 3 11–14 June 2002 4 v 1, 2 v 3

Group stage

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All times are Korea Standard Time and Japan Standard Time (UTC+9)

Groups A, B, C and D based in South Korea. Groups E, F, G and H based in Japan.

In the following tables:

  • Pld = total games played
  • W = total games won
  • D = total games drawn (tied)
  • L = total games lost
  • GF = total goals scored (goals for)
  • GA = total goals conceded (goals against)
  • GD = goal difference (GF−GA)
  • Pts = total points accumulated

The teams in the group play were ranked upon

  • Points
  • Greatest total goal difference in the three group matches
  • Greatest number of goals scored in the three group matches
  • Most points earned in matches against other teams in the tie
  • Greatest goal difference in matches against other teams in the tie
  • Greatest number of goals scored in matches against other teams in the tie
  • Drawing of lots

In the original version of the rules for the final tournament, the ranking criteria were in a different order, with head-to-head results taking precedence over total goal difference. The rules were changed to the above in advance of the tournament, but older versions were still available on the FIFA and UEFA websites, causing some confusion among those trying to identify the correct criteria.[41]

Group A

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Pos Team
 Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Denmark 3 2 1 0 5 2 +3 7 Advance to knockout stage
2  Senegal 3 1 2 0 5 4 +1 5
3  Uruguay 3 0 2 1 4 5 −1 2
4  France 3 0 1 2 0 3 −3 1
Source: FIFA
31 May 2002
France 0–1 SenegalSeoul World Cup Stadium, Seoul
1 June 2002
Uruguay 1–2 DenmarkMunsu Cup Stadium, Ulsan
6 June 2002
Denmark 1–1 SenegalDaegu World Cup Stadium, Daegu
France 0–0 UruguayBusan Asiad Main Stadium, Busan
11 June 2002
Denmark 2–0 FranceIncheon World Cup Stadium, Incheon
Senegal 3–3 UruguaySuwon World Cup Stadium, Suwon

Group B

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Pos Team
 Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Spain 3 3 0 0 9 4 +5 9 Advance to knockout stage
2  Paraguay 3 1 1 1 6 6 0 4
3  South Africa 3 1 1 1 5 5 0 4
4  Slovenia 3 0 0 3 2 7 −5 0
Source: FIFA
2 June 2002
Paraguay 2–2 South AfricaBusan Asiad Main Stadium, Busan
Spain 3–1 SloveniaGwangju World Cup Stadium, Gwangju
7 June 2002
Spain 3–1 ParaguayJeonju World Cup Stadium, Jeonju
8 June 2002
South Africa 1–0 SloveniaDaegu World Cup Stadium, Daegu
12 June 2002
South Africa 2–3 SpainDaejeon World Cup Stadium, Daejeon
Slovenia 1–3 ParaguayJeju World Cup Stadium, Seogwipo

Group C

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Pos Team
 Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Brazil 3 3 0 0 11 3 +8 9 Advance to knockout stage
2  Turkey 3 1 1 1 5 3 +2 4
3  Costa Rica 3 1 1 1 5 6 −1 4
4  China 3 0 0 3 0 9 −9 0
Source: FIFA
3 June 2002
Brazil 2–1 TurkeyMunsu Football Stadium, Ulsan
4 June 2002
China 0–2 Costa RicaGwangju World Cup Stadium, Gwangju
8 June 2002
Brazil 4–0 ChinaJeju World Cup Stadium, Seogwipo
9 June 2002
Costa Rica 1–1 TurkeyIncheon World Cup Stadium, Incheon
13 June 2002
Costa Rica 2–5 BrazilSuwon World Cup Stadium, Suwon
Turkey 3–0 ChinaSeoul World Cup Stadium, Seoul

Group D

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Pos Team
 Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  South Korea (H) 3 2 1 0 4 1 +3 7 Advance to knockout stage
2  United States 3 1 1 1 5 6 −1 4
3  Portugal 3 1 0 2 6 4 +2 3
4  Poland 3 1 0 2 3 7 −4 3
Source: FIFA
(H) Hosts
4 June 2002
South Korea 2–0 PolandBusan Asiad Main Stadium, Busan
5 June 2002
United States 3–2 PortugalSuwon World Cup Stadium, Suwon
10 June 2002
South Korea 1–1 United StatesDaegu World Cup Stadium, Daegu
Portugal 4–0 PolandJeonju World Cup Stadium, Jeonju
14 June 2002
Portugal 0–1 South KoreaIncheon World Cup Stadium, Incheon
Poland 3–1 United StatesDaejeon World Cup Stadium, Daejeon

Group E

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Group F

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Pos Team
 Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Sweden 3 1 2 0 4 3 +1 5 Advance to knockout stage
2  England 3 1 2 0 2 1 +1 5
3  Argentina 3 1 1 1 2 2 0 4
4  Nigeria 3 0 1 2 1 3 −2 1
Source: FIFA
2 June 2002
Argentina 1–0 NigeriaKashima Soccer Stadium, Ibaraki
England 1–1 SwedenSaitama Stadium, Saitama
7 June 2002
Sweden 2–1 NigeriaWing Stadium, Kobe
Argentina 0–1 EnglandSapporo Dome, Sapporo
12 June 2002
Sweden 1–1 ArgentinaMiyagi Stadium, Miyagi
Nigeria 0–0 EnglandNagai Stadium, Osaka

Group G

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Pos Team
 Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Mexico 3 2 1 0 4 2 +2 7 Advance to knockout stage
2  Italy 3 1 1 1 4 3 +1 4
3  Croatia 3 1 0 2 2 3 −1 3
4  Ecuador 3 1 0 2 2 4 −2 3
Source: FIFA
3 June 2002
Croatia 0–1 MexicoNiigata Big Swan Stadium, Niigata
Italy 2–0 EcuadorSapporo Dome, Sapporo
8 June 2002
Italy 1–2 CroatiaKashima Soccer Stadium, Ibaraki
9 June 2002
Mexico 2–1 EcuadorMiyagi Stadium, Miyagi
13 June 2002
Mexico 1–1 ItalyŌita Big Eye Stadium, Ōita
Ecuador 1–0 CroatiaInternational Stadium Yokohama, Yokohama

Group H

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Pos Team
 Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Japan (H) 3 2 1 0 5 2 +3 7 Advance to knockout stage
2  Belgium 3 1 2 0 6 5 +1 5
3  Russia 3 1 0 2 4 4 0 3
4  Tunisia 3 0 1 2 1 5 −4 1
Source: FIFA
(H) Hosts
4 June 2002
Japan 2–2 BelgiumSaitama Stadium, Saitama
5 June 2002
Russia 2–0 TunisiaKobe Wing Stadium, Kobe
9 June 2002
Japan 1–0 RussiaInternational Stadium Yokohama, Yokohama
10 June 2002
Tunisia 1–1 BelgiumŌita Big Eye Stadium, Ōita
14 June 2002
Tunisia 0–2 JapanNagai Stadium, Osaka
Belgium 3–2 RussiaShizuoka Ecopa Stadium, Fukuroi, Shizuoka

Knockout stage

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South Koreans watching their country playing in a knock out game on the big screens in Seoul Plaza

For the second round, quarter-finals, and semi-finals, the qualifiers from Groups A, C, F, and H played their games in Japan while the qualifiers from Groups B, D, E, and G played their games in South Korea. Daegu, South Korea, hosted the match for third place while Yokohama, Japan, hosted the final.

Bracket

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Round of 16Quarter-finalsSemi-finalsFinal
 
              
 
15 June – Seogwipo
 
 
 Germany1
 
21 June – Ulsan
 
 Paraguay0
 
 Germany1
 
17 June – Jeonju
 
 United States0
 
 Mexico0
 
25 June – Seoul
 
 United States2
 
 Germany1
 
16 June – Suwon
 
 South Korea0
 
 Spain (p)1 (3)
 
22 June – Gwangju
 
 Republic of Ireland1 (2)
 
 Spain0 (3)
 
18 June – Daejeon
 
 South Korea (p)0 (5)
 
 South Korea (g.g.)2
 
30 June – Yokohama
 
 Italy1
 
 Germany0
 
15 June – Niigata
 
 Brazil2
 
 Denmark0
 
21 June – Fukuroi
 
 England3
 
 England1
 
17 June – Kobe
 
 Brazil2
 
 Brazil2
 
26 June – Saitama
 
 Belgium0
 
 Brazil1
 
16 June – Ōita
 
 Turkey0 Match for third place
 
 Sweden1
 
22 June – Osaka29 June – Daegu
 
 Senegal (g.g.)2
 
 Senegal0 South Korea2
 
18 June – Rifu
 
 Turkey (g.g.)1  Turkey3
 
 Japan0
 
 
 Turkey1
 

Round of 16

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In the round of 16, Germany beat Paraguay 1–0 with a late goal by Oliver Neuville in Seogwipo. England defeated Denmark in Niigata 3–0, with all goals occurring in the first half of the game. Sweden and Senegal faced off in Ōita and finished 1–1 in regular time and it took a golden goal from Henri Camara in extra time to settle the game for Senegal 2–1, which led to Senegal becoming only the second African team to reach the last eight (after Cameroon in 1990). Spain and the Republic of Ireland played in Suwon, where Spain led most of the match 1–0 until a late penalty kick scored by Robbie Keane made the match go to extra time, where Spain emerged victorious in a penalty shoot-out. The United States beat CONCACAF rivals Mexico 2–0 in Jeonju with Brian McBride and Landon Donovan scoring the goals. Brazil defeated Belgium 2–0 in Kobe, with an amazing volley by Rivaldo and a splendid counter-attack goal by Ronaldo. Turkey ended co-hosts Japan's run with a 1–0 win in Miyagi, thanks to an Ümit Davala goal in the 12th minute. The other co-hosts, South Korea, defeated Italy 2–1 in extra time in Daejeon with a goal by Ahn Jung-hwan in the 117th minute.[42] South Korea's win ensured that, for the very first time in the Cup's history, teams from five continents – Europe, North America, South America, Africa and Asia – reached the quarter-finals of the same tournament.

Germany 1–0 Paraguay
 [Report 1]
Attendance: 25,176
Denmark 0–3 England
[Report 2]
Attendance: 40,582
Referee: Markus Merk (Germany)
Sweden 1–2 (a.e.t./g.g.) Senegal
 [Report 3]
Attendance: 39,747
Mexico 0–2 United States
[Report 5]
Attendance: 36,380
Brazil 2–0 Belgium
 [Report 6]
Attendance: 40,440
Japan 0–1 Turkey
[Report 7]
Attendance: 45,666
South Korea 2–1 (a.e.t./g.g.) Italy
 [Report 8]
Attendance: 38,588

Quarter-finals

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In the quarter-finals, England and Brazil squared off in Shizuoka, where Ronaldinho scored a free-kick goal over England's David Seaman early in the second half as Brazil won 2–1.[43] The United States lost to Germany 1–0 in Ulsan by a Michael Ballack goal in the 39th minute, but controversy surrounded the game when United States demanded the referee give a penalty for a goal-line handball by Torsten Frings in the 49th minute, but the referee did not award the penalty. South Korea got another success in Gwangju in a controversial manner, overcoming Spain 5–3 on penalties after a 0–0 draw in which the Spaniards twice thought they had scored while onside; however, the efforts were disallowed by the referee with controversial decisions.[44][45] The hosts became the first team in the Asian Football Confederation to reach the semi-finals of the World Cup, eclipsing the record of their North Korean counterparts who reached the quarter-finals in 1966. They also became the first World Cup semi-final team not from UEFA or CONMEBOL since the United States did it in the first World Cup in 1930. Turkey defeated Senegal 1–0 in Osaka, with a golden goal scored by İlhan Mansız in the 94th minute.

England 1–2 Brazil
 [Report 9]
Attendance: 47,436
Referee: Felipe Ramos (Mexico)
Germany 1–0 United States
 [Report 10]
Attendance: 37,337
Senegal 0–1 (a.e.t./g.g.) Turkey
[Report 12]
Attendance: 44,233

Semi-finals

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The semi-finals saw two 1–0 games; the first semi-final, played in Seoul, saw Michael Ballack's goal suffice for Germany to eliminate South Korea. However, Ballack had already received a yellow card during the match before, which forced him to miss the final based on accumulated yellow cards.[46] The next day in Saitama saw Ronaldo score a goal early in the second half, his sixth of the competition for Brazil, to defeat Turkey in a replay of their Group C encounter.[47][48]

Germany 1–0 South Korea
 [Report 13]
Attendance: 65,256
Brazil 1–0 Turkey
 [Report 14]
Attendance: 61,058

Match for third place

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In the match for third place in Daegu, Turkey beat the South Koreans 3–2, their first goal coming from Hakan Şükür straight from the opening kick-off (even though South Korea kicked off) in 10.8 seconds, the fastest ever goal in World Cup history.[49]

South Korea 2–3 Turkey
 [Report 15]
Attendance: 63,483
Referee: Saad Mane (Kuwait)

Final

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In the final match held in Yokohama, Japan, two goals from Ronaldo secured the World Cup for Brazil as they claimed victory over Germany.[50] Ronaldo scored twice in the second half and, after the game, won the Golden Shoe award for the tournament's leading scorer with eight goals.[51] This was the fifth time Brazil had won the World Cup, cementing their status as the most successful national team in the history of the competition. Brazil became the only team since Argentina in 1986 to win the trophy without needing to win a penalty shoot-out at some stage during the knockout phase and the total number of penalty shoot-outs (2) was the lowest since the four-round knockout format was introduced in 1986. Brazil also became the first team to win every match at a World Cup since 1970 and set a new record for highest aggregate goal difference (+14) for a World Cup winner. Brazil's captain Cafu, who became the first player to appear in three successive World Cup finals, accepted the trophy on behalf of the team.

Germany 0–2 Brazil
[Report 16]
Attendance: 69,029

Statistics

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Goalscorers

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Ronaldo won the Golden Shoe after scoring eight goals. In total, 161 goals were scored by 109 players, with three of them credited as own goals. Two of those own goals were in the same match, marking the first time in FIFA World Cup history that own goals had been scored by both teams in the same match.

There were 161 goals scored in 64 matches, for an average of 2.52 goals per match.

8 goals

5 goals

4 goals

3 goals

2 goals

1 goal

1 own goal

Source: FIFA[52]

Disciplinary statistics

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Player Offence(s) Suspension(s)
Croatia Boris Živković Red card in Group G vs Mexico (matchday 1; 3 June) Group G vs Italy (matchday 2; 8 June)
Turkey Alpay Özalan Red card in Group C vs Brazil (matchday 1; 3 June) Group C vs Costa Rica (matchday 2; 9 June)
Turkey Hakan Ünsal Yellow card Yellow-red card in Group C vs Brazil (matchday 1; 3 June) Group C vs Costa Rica (matchday 2; 9 June)
Senegal Salif Diao Red card in Group A vs Denmark (matchday 2; 6 June) Group A vs Uruguay (matchday 3; 11 June)
France Thierry Henry Red card in Group A vs Uruguay (matchday 2; 6 June) Group A vs Denmark (matchday 3; 11 June)
France Emmanuel Petit Yellow card in Group A vs Senegal (matchday 1; 31 May)
Yellow card in Group A vs Uruguay (matchday 2; 6 June)		 Group A vs Denmark (matchday 3; 11 June)
Tunisia Hassen Gabsi Yellow card in Group H vs Russia (matchday 1; 5 June)
Yellow card in Group H vs Belgium (matchday 2; 10 June)		 Group H vs Japan (matchday 3; 14 June)
Poland Piotr Świerczewski Yellow card in Group D vs South Korea (matchday 1; 4 June)
Yellow card in Group D vs Portugal (matchday 2; 10 June)		 Group D vs United States (matchday 3; 14 June)
Denmark Christian Poulsen Yellow card in Group A vs Senegal (matchday 2; 6 June)
Yellow card in Group A vs France (matchday 3; 11 June)		 Round of 16 vs England (15 June)
Senegal Khalilou Fadiga Yellow card in Group A vs Denmark (matchday 2; 6 June)
Yellow card in Group A vs Uruguay (matchday 3; 11 June)		 Round of 16 vs Sweden (16 June)
Germany Dietmar Hamann Yellow card in Group E vs Saudi Arabia (matchday 1; 1 June)
Yellow card in Group E vs Cameroon (matchday 3; 11 June)		 Round of 16 vs Paraguay (15 June)
Germany Christian Ziege Yellow card in Group E vs Saudi Arabia (matchday 1; 1 June)
Yellow card in Group E vs Cameroon (matchday 3; 11 June)		 Round of 16 vs Paraguay (15 June)
Germany Carsten Ramelow Yellow card Yellow-red card in Group E vs Cameroon (matchday 3; 11 June) Round of 16 vs Paraguay (15 June)
Cameroon Patrick Suffo Yellow card Yellow-red card in Group E vs Germany (matchday 3; 11 June) Suspension served outside tournament
Argentina Claudio Caniggia Red card in Group F vs Sweden (matchday 3; 12 June) Suspension served outside tournament
Paraguay Carlos Paredes Yellow card Yellow-red card in Group B vs Slovenia (matchday 3; 12 June) Round of 16 vs Germany (15 June)
Slovenia Nastja Čeh Red card in Group B vs Paraguay (matchday 3; 12 June) Suspension served outside tournament
Turkey Emre Aşık Yellow card in Group C vs Costa Rica (matchday 2; 9 June)
Yellow card in Group C vs China (matchday 3; 13 June)		 Round of 16 vs Japan (18 June)
Turkey Emre Belözoğlu Yellow card in Group C vs Costa Rica (matchday 2; 9 June)
Yellow card in Group C vs China (matchday 3; 13 June)		 Round of 16 vs Japan (18 June)
China Shao Jiayi Red card in Group C vs Turkey (matchday 3; 13 June) Suspension served outside tournament
Italy Fabio Cannavaro Yellow card in Group G vs Ecuador (matchday 1; 3 June)
Yellow card in Group G vs Mexico (matchday 3; 13 June)		 Round of 16 vs South Korea (18 June)
Portugal João Pinto Red card in Group D vs South Korea (matchday 3; 14 June) Suspension served outside tournament
Portugal Beto Yellow card Yellow-red card in Group D vs South Korea (matchday 3; 14 June) Suspension served outside tournament
United States Frankie Hejduk Yellow card in Group D vs South Korea (matchday 2; 10 June)
Yellow card in Group D vs Poland (matchday 3; 14 June)		 Round of 16 vs Mexico (17 June)
Paraguay Roberto Acuña Red card in Round of 16 vs Germany (15 June) Suspension served outside tournament
Mexico Rafael Márquez Red card in Round of 16 vs United States (17 June) Suspension served outside tournament
Italy Francesco Totti Yellow card Yellow-red card in Round of 16 vs South Korea (18 June) Suspension served outside tournament
Brazil Ronaldinho Red card in Quarter-finals vs England (21 June) Semi-finals vs Turkey (26 June)
Germany Michael Ballack Yellow card in Round of 16 vs Paraguay (15 June)
Yellow card in Semi-finals vs South Korea (25 June)		 Final vs Brazil (30 June)

Awards

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All-star team

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Final standings

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After the tournament, FIFA published a ranking of all teams that competed in the 2002 World Cup finals based on progress in the competition, overall results and quality of the opposition.[55]

Pos Grp Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Result
1 C  Brazil 7 7 0 0 18 4 +14 21 1st
2 E  Germany 7 5 1 1 14 3 +11 16 2nd
3 C  Turkey 7 4 1 2 10 6 +4 13 3rd
4 D  South Korea 7 3 2 2 8 6 +2 11 4th
5 B  Spain 5 3 2 0 10 5 +5 11 Eliminated in the quarter-finals
6 F  England 5 2 2 1 6 3 +3 8
7 A  Senegal 5 2 2 1 7 6 +1 8
8 D  United States 5 2 1 2 7 7 0 7
9 H  Japan 4 2 1 1 5 3 +2 7 Eliminated in the round of 16
10 A  Denmark 4 2 1 1 5 5 0 7
11 G  Mexico 4 2 1 1 4 4 0 7
12 E  Republic of Ireland 4 1 3 0 6 3 +3 6
13 F  Sweden 4 1 2 1 5 5 0 5
14 H  Belgium 4 1 2 1 6 7 −1 5
15 G  Italy 4 1 1 2 5 5 0 4
16 B  Paraguay 4 1 1 2 6 7 −1 4
17 B  South Africa 3 1 1 1 5 5 0 4 Eliminated in the group stage
18 F  Argentina 3 1 1 1 2 2 0 4
19 C  Costa Rica 3 1 1 1 5 6 −1 4
20 E  Cameroon 3 1 1 1 2 3 −1 4
21 D  Portugal 3 1 0 2 6 4 +2 3
22 H  Russia 3 1 0 2 4 4 0 3
23 G  Croatia 3 1 0 2 2 3 −1 3
24 G  Ecuador 3 1 0 2 2 4 −2 3
25 D  Poland 3 1 0 2 3 7 −4 3
26 A  Uruguay 3 0 2 1 4 5 −1 2
27 F  Nigeria 3 0 1 2 1 3 −2 1
28 A  France 3 0 1 2 0 3 −3 1
29 H  Tunisia 3 0 1 2 1 5 −4 1
30 B  Slovenia 3 0 0 3 2 7 −5 0
31 C  China 3 0 0 3 0 9 −9 0
32 E  Saudi Arabia 3 0 0 3 0 12 −12 0
Source: [citation needed]

Marketing

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Sponsorship

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Ticket sales problem

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The original domestic ticket allocation had fully sold out and the organising committee completed sales of tickets returned from the international allocation by the end of April. However, there were a significant number of empty seats at the opening matches.[73] It was gradually revealed that the World Cup Ticketing Bureau (WCTB) still had unsold tickets in its possession. After FIFA agreed to sell this inventory, JAWOC undertook sales over telephone and WCTB handled the internet sales.[74] For the second round Japan vs. Turkey match in Miyagi in particular, although it was reported by both parties that all tickets had been sold, some 700 seats remained empty.

Symbols

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Ato, Kaz and Nik were the 2002 World Cup mascots.

Mascot

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The official mascots of the 2002 World Cup were Ato, Kaz and Nik (the Spheriks), orange, purple and blue (respectively) futuristic CGI creatures. Playing their own version of soccer called Atmoball, Ato is the coach while Kaz and Nik are players. The three individual names were selected from shortlists by users on the Internet and at McDonald's outlets in the host countries.[75]

Match ball

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The official match ball was the Fevernova, manufactured by Adidas.[76]

Music

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The official song was "Boom".[77] The official local song of this World Cup was "Let's Get Together Now". The official anthem was "Anthem".

Cultural event

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In Search of Fresh Air, banner by Ray L. Burggraf

The official FIFA cultural event of the 2002 World Cup was a flag festival called Poetry of the Winds.[78] Held in Nanjicheon Park, an area of the World Cup Park close to Seoul World Cup Stadium,[79][80] Poetry of the Winds was exhibited from 29 May to 25 June in order to wish success upon the World Cup and promote a festive atmosphere. During the flag art festival, hand-painted flags from global artists were displayed as a greeting to international guests in a manner that was designed to promote harmony.[78]

Concerns

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The World Cup was originally going to be hosted either in Japan or in South Korea, but in the end both rivals had decided to share the hosting duties thus making this World Cup the first to have multiple host nations. However, there were concerns regarding the selection of hosts due to logistical issues caused by fans traveling across two separate sovereign nations as well as whether some of the 20 stadiums to be constructed for the World Cup would be ready in time for it or not. While political and infrastructural problems were eventually overcome, there still remained the issue of East Asia's wet season which could disrupt the play. The timing of the tournament thus had been altered to mitigate as much as possible against such issues, with the tournament kicking off on May 31 and due to run until June 30, the earliest date for a World Cup final since 1986.[81]

The time difference caused issues for fans worldwide especially in Europe, where people had to go to work when matches were played and were used to games taking place at other times.[82][83] With games taking place in the European morning, some schools and businesses chose to open late on match days or set up communal watching events before the start of work.[84][85]

Aftermath and legacy

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The tournament had a major economic impact on both South Korea and Japan, generating an estimated US$1.3 billion in revenue.[86] Spending from World Cup tourists in South Korea created US$307 million in direct income and US$713 million in valued added.[86] Japan spent an estimated US$5.6 billion on preparations for the event, which had a US$24.8 billion impact on the Japanese economy and accounted for 0.6% of their GDP in 2002.[87]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ↑ Some say Bonn, which did not host a match for the 1974 World Cup, was only the de facto seat of government of host West Germany or was temporary capital but not its official de jure capital, which was Berlin. However, Bonn was the official capital of West Germany, the host country. Matches played in Berlin, the traditional capital of a unified Germany, were played in West Berlin, which was part of West Germany at the time.
  2. ↑ The average attendance was 53,747
  3. ↑ The average attendance was 57,141
  4. ↑ The average attendance was 37,412
  5. ↑ The average attendance was 46,879
  6. ↑ The average attendance was 33,779
  7. ↑ The average attendance was 37,109
  8. ↑ The average attendance was 32,643
  9. ↑ The average attendance was 30,460
  10. ↑ The average attendance was 30,701
  11. ↑ The average attendance was 32,031
  12. ↑ The average attendance was 66,580
  13. ↑ The average attendance was 56,073
  14. ↑ The average attendance was 47,054
  15. ↑ The average attendance was 44,770
  16. ↑ The average attendance was 45,684
  17. ↑ The average attendance was 39,579
  18. ↑ The average attendance was 35,500
  19. ↑ The average attendance was 35,459
  20. ↑ The average attendance was 35,864
  21. ↑ The average attendance was 33,075

References

edit
  1. ↑ "Brazil crowned world champions". BBC Sport. 30 June 2002. Archived from the original on 14 April 2012. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  2. ↑ "Turkey finish in style". BBC Sport. 29 June 2002. Archived from the original on 31 July 2012. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  3. 1 2 Varcoe, Fred (18 May 2002). "Beyond the limits of normalcy". The Japan Times Online. ISSN 0447-5763. Archived from the original on 4 November 2020. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Varcoe, Fred (19 May 2002). "Taming the 'bulldog'". The Japan Times Online. ISSN 0447-5763. Archived from the original on 25 April 2019. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  5. ↑ Jones, Grahame L. (1 June 1996). "A Political Football Lands in Japan and South Korea". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 17 April 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
  6. ↑ Jones, Grahame L. (5 June 1996). "North Korea Enters World Cup 2002 Mix". The Los Angeles Times. p. C4. Archived from the original on 2 January 2018. Retrieved 1 January 2018 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  7. 1 2 Cha, Victor (2002). "The World Cup, Sports Diplomacy, and Japan-Korea Relations" (PDF).
  8. ↑ "#11 - 5.31 The Start of the 2002 Japan-South Korea World Cup". School of Languages, Literatures, Cultures & Linguistics.
  9. ↑ "Fifa forces World Cup winners to qualify". The Guardian. 30 November 2001. Archived from the original on 6 March 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
  10. ↑ "FIFA/Coca Cola World Ranking (15 May 2002)". FIFA.com. FIFA. 15 May 2002. Archived from the original on 26 October 2015. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
  11. ↑ "2002 FIFA World Cup Korea/Japan – Report and Statistics" (PDF). FIFA.com. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. 2002. pp. 108–9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 July 2009. Retrieved 25 October 2013.
  12. ↑ "Daegu World Cup Stadium". FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Archived from the original on 3 August 2002. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
  13. ↑ "Seoul World Cup Stadium". FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Archived from the original on 10 August 2002. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
  14. ↑ "Busan Asiad Main Stadium". FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Archived from the original on 3 August 2002. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
  15. ↑ "Incehon Munhak Stadium". FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Archived from the original on 10 August 2002. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
  16. ↑ "Ulsan Munsu Football Stadium". FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Archived from the original on 10 June 2002. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
  17. ↑ "Suwon World Cup Stadium". FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Archived from the original on 10 August 2002. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
  18. ↑ "Gwangju World Cup Stadium". FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Archived from the original on 10 August 2002. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
  19. ↑ "Jeonju World Cup Stadium". FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Archived from the original on 10 August 2002. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
  20. ↑ "Jeju World Cup Stadium". FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Archived from the original on 10 August 2002. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
  21. ↑ "Daejeon World Cup Stadium". FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Archived from the original on 12 December 2002. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
  22. ↑ "International Stadium Yokohama". FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Archived from the original on 10 August 2002. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
  23. ↑ "Saitama Stadium 2002". FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Archived from the original on 4 June 2002. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
  24. ↑ "Shizuoka Stadium Ecopa". FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Archived from the original on 10 August 2002. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
  25. ↑ "Nagai Stadium". FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Archived from the original on 10 August 2002. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
  26. ↑ "Miyagi Stadium". FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Archived from the original on 10 August 2002. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
  27. ↑ "Oita Stadium Big Eye". FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Archived from the original on 10 June 2002. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
  28. ↑ "Niigata Stadium Big Swan". FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Archived from the original on 10 August 2002. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
  29. ↑ "Ibaraki Kashima Stadium". FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Archived from the original on 10 August 2002. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
  30. ↑ "Kobe Wing Stadium". FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Archived from the original on 9 April 2002. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
  31. ↑ "Sapporo Dome". FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Archived from the original on 2 August 2002. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
  32. ↑ Doyle, John (10 June 2014). "The tragic tale of Byron Moreno, "the worst referee, ever"". The Globe and the Mail. Archived from the original on 27 July 2017. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
  33. ↑ "World Cup 101: Ten most controversial moments – ESPN Soccernet". ESPN. 11 July 2010. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
  34. ↑ Hayward, Paul (23 June 2002). "Korean miracle spoilt by refereeing farce". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 8 March 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
  35. ↑ Haisley, Billy. "Italian Paper Alleges FIFA Used Corrupt Refs To Fix 2002 World Cup Games". Deadspin. Archived from the original on 8 March 2017. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
  36. ↑ "FIFA World Cup: seeded teams in 1930-2014" (PDF). FIFA fact sheet. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 March 2022.
  37. 1 2 3 "How the draw works". BBC News. 28 November 2001. Archived from the original on 28 June 2022.
  38. 1 2 World Cup Draw 2002 (video). 1 December 2001. Archived from the original on 27 June 2022. Retrieved 16 November 2017 – via YouTube.
  39. 1 2 "The FIFA World Cup Final Draw history" (PDF). FIFA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 June 2010. Retrieved 11 August 2010.
  40. ↑ Anastacia - Boom live (video). ZDF. 1 December 2001. Archived from the original on 27 June 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2008 – via YouTube.
  41. ↑ "كأس العالم كوريا/اليابان 2002 FIFA". FIFA. June 2002. Archived from the original on 23 August 2012.
  42. ↑ Although the victory was in suspicious circumstances, with Italy scoring 2 golden goals and the referee disallowing both even though the replay had shown they were clearly onside. "Blatter condemns officials". BBC Sport. 20 June 2002. Archived from the original on 15 October 2002.
  43. ↑ "Brazil end England's dream" . BBC Sport. Retrieved 24 May 2014
  44. ↑ "Top 10 worst refereeing decisions in World Cup history". Archived from the original on 15 January 2014. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
  45. ↑ Hayward, Paul (23 June 2002). "Korean miracle spoilt by refereeing farce". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 8 March 2019. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
  46. ↑ "Ballack lifts Germany past co-host, into seventh Cup final". Sports Illustrated. 25 June 2002. Archived from the original on 18 July 2013. Retrieved 29 March 2012.
  47. ↑ "Brazil stride into final". BBC Sport. 26 June 2002. Archived from the original on 31 July 2012. Retrieved 29 March 2012.
  48. ↑ "Rejuvenation of Brazil awaiting one final fling". Irish Independent. 27 June 2002. Retrieved 29 March 2012.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  49. ↑ "South Korea 2 - 3 Turkey". The Guardian. 29 June 2002. Archived from the original on 13 December 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
  50. ↑ Longman, Jere (1 July 2002). "Ronaldo's Sweetest Vindication". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 May 2011. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
  51. ↑ Hayward, Paul (30 June 2002). "Redemption sweet for Ronaldo". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
  52. ↑ "2002 FIFA World Cup Korea/Japan - Report and Statistics" (PDF). FIFA.com. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. pp. 128–130. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  53. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Awards". FIFA.com. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. Archived from the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
  54. ↑ "Kahn wins Golden Ball award". BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation). 2 July 2002. Archived from the original on 28 March 2009. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  55. ↑ "All-time FIFA World Cup Ranking 1930–2010" (PDF). Fédération Internationale de Football Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 June 2012. Retrieved 31 January 2013.
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  73. ↑ Demaria, Andrew (1 June 2002). "FIFA to probe empty seats". CNN.com. Cable News Network LP. Archived from the original on 23 November 2007. Retrieved 10 August 2013.
  74. ↑ "World Cup 2002 Ticket Fiasco". Soccerphile.com. Archived from the original on 15 June 2018. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
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  77. ↑ "2018 FIFA World Cup Russia Official Song 'Live It Up' to be performed by all-star line-up". Archived from the original on 29 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
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  82. ↑ "How The 2002 World Cup Became The Most Controversial Tournament in Recent Memory". Vice.com. 18 July 2017. Archived from the original on 26 November 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  83. ↑ Goddard, Lexie. "Sports Marketing: Beer for Breakfast". Campaign. Archived from the original on 2 October 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
  84. ↑ Curtis, Polly (11 June 2002). "School succumbs to football fever". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 3 October 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
  85. ↑ Quick, Chris. "World Cup 2002: a shot at goal". Accountancy Live. Archived from the original on 2 October 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
  86. 1 2 Lee, Choong-Ki; Taylor, Tracy (2005). "Critical reflections on the economic impact assessment of a mega-event: the case of 2002 FIFA World Cup". Tourism Management. 26 (4): 595–603. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2004.03.002. ISSN 0261-5177.
  87. ↑ Andreff, Wladimir; Szymanski, Stefan, eds. (2009). Handbook on the economics of sport (Paperbk. ed.). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. ISBN 978-1-84844-351-8. OCLC 262720289.

Reports

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