Wikipedia

1990 Andalusian regional election

A regional election was held in Andalusia on 23 June 1990[a] to elect the 3rd Parliament of the autonomous community. All 109 seats in the Parliament were up for election.

1990 Andalusian regional election
← 1986
23 June 1990[a]
1994 →
All 109 seats in the Parliament of Andalusia
55 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Registered5,007,675 Increase 3.9%
Turnout2,771,384 (55.3%)
Decrease 15.4 pp
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Manuel Chaves Gabino Puche Luis Carlos Rejón
Party PSOE–A PP IU–CA
Leader since 19 April 1990 8 February 1987 21 July 1988
Leader's seat Cádiz Jaén Córdoba
Last election 60 seats, 47.0% 28 seats, 22.2%[b] 19 seats, 17.8%
Seats won 62 26 11
Seat change Increase 2 Decrease 2 Decrease 8
Popular vote 1,368,576 611,734 349,640
Percentage 49.6% 22.2% 12.7%
Swing Increase 2.6 pp Steady 0.0 pp Decrease 5.1 pp
  Fourth party
 
Leader Pedro Pacheco
Party PA
Leader since June 1986
Leader's seat Cádiz
Last election 2 seats, 5.9%
Seats won 10
Seat change Increase 8
Popular vote 296,558
Percentage 10.8%
Swing Increase 4.9 pp
Constituency results map for the Parliament of Andalusia
President before election

José Rodríguez de la Borbolla
PSOE–A

 Elected President

Manuel Chaves
PSOE–A

The candidate for the PSOE, Manuel Chaves, was invested as President of the Regional Government of Andalusia for the first time, after winning the election with an absolute majority of seats. He would remain in the presidency of this autonomous community for the longest period of time than any of his predecessors, not stepping down from office until 2009.

Overview

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Under the 1981 Statute of Autonomy, the Parliament of Andalusia was the unicameral legislature of the homonymous autonomous community, having legislative power in devolved matters, as well as the ability to grant or withdraw confidence from a regional president.[2] The electoral and procedural rules were supplemented by national law provisions.[3]

Date

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The term of the Parliament of Andalusia expired four years after the date of its previous election. The election decree was required to be issued no later than 25 days before the scheduled expiration date of parliament and published on the following day in the Official Gazette of the Regional Government of Andalusia (BOJA), with election day taking place between 54 and 60 days after the decree's publication (amendments earlier in 1990 barred any election date within from 1 July to 31 August).[4] The previous election was held on 22 June 1986, which meant that the chamber's term would have expired on 22 June 1990. Due to the ban on summer elections, the latest possible date for election day was 30 June 1990, meaning the election decree was required to be published in the BOJA no later than 1 May 1990.

The Parliament of Andalusia could not be dissolved before the expiration date of parliament.[5]

The election to the Parliament of Andalusia was officially called on 30 April 1990 with the publication of the corresponding decree in the BOJA, setting election day for 23 June and scheduling for the chamber to reconvene on 16 July.[6][7]

Electoral system

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Voting for the Parliament was based on universal suffrage, comprising all Spanish nationals over 18 years of age, registered in Andalusia and with full political rights, provided that they had not been deprived of the right to vote by a final sentence, nor were legally incapacitated.[8]

The Parliament of Andalusia had a minimum of 90 and a maximum of 110 seats, with electoral provisions fixing its size at 109. All were elected in eight multi-member constituencies—corresponding to the provinces of Almería, Cádiz, Córdoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Málaga and Seville, each of which was assigned an initial minimum of eight seats and the remaining 45 distributed in proportion to population (with the number of seats in each province not exceeding two times that of any other)—using the D'Hondt method and closed-list proportional voting, with a three percent-threshold of valid votes (including blank ballots) in each constituency.[9] The use of this electoral method resulted in a higher effective threshold depending on district magnitude and vote distribution.[10]

As a result of the aforementioned allocation, each Parliament constituency was entitled the following seats:[11]

Seats Constituencies
18 Seville
16 Málaga(+1)
15 Cádiz
13 Córdoba, Granada
12 Jaén(–1)
11 Almería, Huelva,

The law did not provide for by-elections to fill vacant seats; instead, any vacancies arising after the proclamation of candidates and during the legislative term were filled by the next candidates on the party lists or, when required, by designated substitutes.[12]

Outgoing parliament

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The table below shows the composition of the parliamentary groups in the chamber at the time of the election call.[13]

Parliamentary composition in April 1990
Parliamentary groups Parties Legislators
Seats Total
Socialist Parliamentary Group PSOE–A 60 60
Andalusian People's Parliamentary Group PP 19 19
United Left Parliamentary Group PCA–PCE 13 17
FP 2
PASOC 1
INDEP 1
Mixed Group PA 2 13
PCPA 1
BOCA 1[c]
INDEP 9[d]

Parties and candidates

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The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, alliances and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form an alliance were required to inform the relevant electoral commission within 10 days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list.[14]

Below is a list of the main parties and alliances which contested the election:

Candidacy Parties and
alliances		 Leading candidate Ideology Previous result Gov. Ref.
Vote % Seats
PSOE–A Manuel Chaves Social democracy 47.0% 60 Yes [15]
[16]
[17]
PP
List
 Gabino Puche Conservatism
Christian democracy
22.2%
[b]		 28 No [18]
IU–CA Luis Carlos Rejón Socialism
Communism		 17.8% 19 No
PA
List
 Pedro Pacheco Andalusian nationalism
Social democracy		 5.9% 2 No

Opinion polls

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The tables below list opinion polling results in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a poll.

Voting intention estimates

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The table below lists weighted voting intention estimates. Refusals are generally excluded from the party vote percentages, while question wording and the treatment of "don't know" responses and those not intending to vote may vary between polling organisations. When available, seat projections determined by the polling organisations are displayed below (or in place of) the percentages in a smaller font; 55 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Parliament of Andalusia.

Results

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Overall

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← Summary of the 23 June 1990[a] Parliament of Andalusia election results →
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia (PSOE–A) 1,368,57649.61+2.55 62+2
People's Party (PP)1 611,73422.17±0.00 26−2
United Left–Assembly for Andalusia (IU–CA) 349,64012.67−5.14 11−8
Andalusian Party (PA) 296,55810.75+4.89 10+8
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 32,7121.19−2.07 0±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group (ARM) 15,6370.57New 0±0
Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC)2 14,8120.54−0.97 0±0
Socialist Democracy (DS) 14,4950.53New 0±0
Greens of Andalusia (VA) 13,9790.51New 0±0
The Ecologist Greens (LVE) 12,6450.46New 0±0
Communist Party of the Andalusian People (PCPA) 6,2990.23New 0±0
Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l)) 2,4010.09New 0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 2,3080.08New 0±0
Humanist Party (PH) 1,8690.07−0.14 0±0
Andalusian Front of Liberation (FAL) 1,6330.06New 0±0
Alliance for the Republic (AxR) 6980.03New 0±0
Falangist Movement of Spain (MFE) 5600.02±0.00 0±0
Andalusian Centrist Unity (UCA) 2300.01New 0±0
Blank ballots 12,0240.44+0.07
Total 2,758,810 109±0
Valid votes 2,758,81099.55+1.04
Invalid votes 12,5740.45−1.04
Votes cast / turnout 2,771,38455.34−15.37
Abstentions 2,236,29144.66+15.37
Registered voters 5,007,675
Sources[13][19][20]
Footnotes:
Popular vote
PSOE–A
 
 49.61%
PP
 
 22.17%
IU–CA
 
 12.67%
PA
 
 10.75%
CDS
 
 1.19%
Others
 
 3.17%
Blank ballots
 
 0.44%
Seats
PSOE–A
 
 56.88%
PP
 
 23.85%
IU–CA
 
 10.09%
PA
 
 9.17%

Distribution by constituency

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Constituency PSOE–A PP IU–CA PA
% S % S % S % S
Almería 50.0 7 28.5 3 9.0 1 6.6 −
Cádiz 46.6 8 15.5 2 10.0 1 21.6 4
Córdoba 47.3 7 20.7 3 18.8 2 9.3 1
Granada 48.9 7 27.9 4 11.8 1 6.2 1
Huelva 55.8 7 22.2 2 9.3 1 8.2 1
Jaén 51.8 7 27.2 4 11.5 1 5.6 −
Málaga 49.3 9 22.0 4 14.6 2 8.8 1
Seville 50.4 10 19.5 4 12.5 2 13.6 2
Total 49.6 62 22.2 26 12.7 11 10.7 10
Sources[13][19][20]

Aftermath

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Government formation

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Investiture
Nomination of Manuel Chaves (PSOE–A)
Ballot → 24 July 1990
Required majority → 55 out of 109 check
Yes
62 / 109
No
47 / 109
Abstentions
0 / 109
Absentees
0 / 109
Sources[13][21]

Notes

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  1. 1 2 3 A by-election was held on 6 October 1990 in several polling stations in the municipalities of Pulpí, Albox, Vélez-Rubio and Cuevas de Almanzora, due to results being voided by the High Court of Justice of Andalusia on 25 July.[1]
  2. 1 2 3 Results for AP–PDP–PL in the 1986 election.
  3. ↑ Cristóbal Jiménez, former PCPA legislator.
  4. ↑ José F. Lorca, Antonio Fernández Jurado and Gonzalo Rodríguez, former AP legislators; Miguel del Pino, Vicente Fernández-Capel, Luis F. Plaza and Juan Santaella, former PDP legislators; Antonio Hernández Caire, Roberto Sáenz, former PL legislators.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Within PP.

References

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Opinion poll sources

  1. ↑ "Los socialistas mantienen su mayoría absoluta". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 17 June 1990.
  2. ↑ "El PSOE conserva su mayoría absoluta". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 17 June 1990.
  3. ↑ "El PSOE baja en votos, pero mantiene la mayoría absoluta, según un sondeo de Gruppo para ABC". ABC (in Spanish). 16 June 1990.
  4. ↑ "El PSOE mantiene la mayoría absoluta". El País (in Spanish). 17 June 1990.
  5. ↑ "Una encuesta de la Rato otorga mayoría absoluta al PSOE-A". ABC (in Spanish). 14 June 1990.
  6. ↑ "El clima electoral es estable, a pesar de los escándalos políticos". ABC (in Spanish). 7 June 1990.
  7. ↑ "El PSOE revalida su mayoría absoluta". El País (in Spanish). 3 June 1990.
  8. ↑ "Chaves, futuro presidente". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 4 June 1990.
  9. ↑ "Peligra la mayoría absoluta del PSOE en las elecciones autonómicas andaluzas". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 13 May 1990.
  10. 1 2 "El PSOE roza la mayoría absoluta en Andalucía, según encuestas del PCA". El País (in Spanish). 25 April 1990.
  11. ↑ "El PSOE rozaría la mayoría absoluta en Andalucía, según una encuesta del CIS". ABC (in Spanish). 8 April 1990.
  12. ↑ "El PSOE puede perder la mayoría absoluta en Andalucía y PP, IU y PA están al alza". ABC (in Spanish). 24 March 1990.
  13. ↑ "El PSOE podría perder la mayoría absoluta en el Parlamento andaluz, según una encuesta del PP". ABC (in Spanish). 24 March 1990.
  14. ↑ "Una encuesta del PCA refleja que el PSOE perdería la mayoría absoluta". ABC (in Spanish). 5 April 1989.
  15. ↑ "El PA duda entre Rojas Marcos y Pacheco para la candidatura a la Junta de Andalucía". ABC (in Spanish). 15 January 1988.

Other

  1. ↑ Decree 300/1990 (1990).
  2. ↑ Statute (1981), arts. 25, 30–31 & 33.
  3. ↑ LEAn (1986), final prov. 1.
  4. ↑ Statute (1981), art. 26; LGAAn (1983), art. 14 (am. by LGAAn (1990), art. 1); LEAn (1986), arts. 14–15 (suppl. by LOREG (1985), art. 42).
  5. ↑ LGAAn (1983), art. 14 (am. by LGAAn (1990), art. 1).
  6. ↑ Decree 122/1990 (1990), arts. 1 & 4.
  7. ↑ Lucio, Lourdes (26 April 1990). "Las elecciones andaluzas se celebrarán el sábado 23 de junio". El País (in Spanish). Seville. Retrieved 7 April 2026.
  8. ↑ Statute (1981), arts. 26 & 28; LEAn (1986), art. 2 (suppl. by LOREG (1985), arts. 2–3).
  9. ↑ Statute (1981), arts. 26 & 28; LEAn (1986), arts. 16–18.
  10. ↑ Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Dublin: Trinity College Dublin. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
  11. ↑ Decree 122/1990 (1990), art. 2.
  12. ↑ LEAn (1986), art. 19 (suppl. by LOREG (1985), arts. 46 & 48).
  13. 1 2 3 4 Lozano, Carles. "Elecciones al Parlamento de Andalucía (desde 1982)". Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 19 October 2025.
  14. ↑ LEAn (1986), arts. 22–23 (suppl. by LOREG (1985), art. 44).
  15. ↑ Carrizosa, José Antonio (19 March 1988). "Sanjuan sustuirá a Rodríguez de la Borbolla en la dirección del PSOE de Andalucía". El País (in Spanish). Seville. Retrieved 7 April 2026.
  16. ↑ Lucio, Lourdes (14 March 1990). "Manuel Chaves, candidato del PSOE a la presidencia de la Junta andaluza". El País (in Spanish). Seville. Retrieved 7 April 2026.
  17. ↑ Lucio, Lourdes (20 April 1990). "El PSOE andaluz ratifica a Chaves como candidato a la Junta". El País (in Spanish). Seville. Retrieved 7 April 2026.
  18. ↑ Valenzuela, Alfredo (11 September 1988). "Gabino Puche, nominado como candidato aliancista a la presidencia de Andalucía". El País (in Spanish). Seville. Retrieved 7 April 2026.
  19. 1 2 "Resolución de 6 de agosto de 1990, por la que se hacen públicos los resultados de las Elecciones al Parlamento de Andalucía con exclusión de cinco mesas de la provincia de Almería, como consecuencia de la sentencia núm. 999/90, de la Sala de lo Contencioso-Administrativo del Tribunal Superior de Justicia de Andalucía con sede en Granada" (PDF). Official Gazette of the Regional Government of Andalusia (in Spanish) (69): 7043–7046. 14 August 1990. ISSN 2253-802X. Retrieved 7 April 2026.
  20. 1 2 "Resolución de 20 de diciembre de 1990, por la que se hacen públicos los resultados generales de las Elecciones al Parlamento de Andalucía" (PDF). Official Gazette of the Regional Government of Andalusia (in Spanish) (7): 336–337. 29 January 1991. ISSN 2253-802X. Retrieved 7 April 2026.
  21. ↑ Lucio, Lourdes; Narváez, Diego (25 July 1990). "La oposición acepta la oferta de Chaves y califica su discurso como el de un forastero". El País (in Spanish). Seville. Retrieved 7 April 2026.

Bibliography

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