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1836 in literature

This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1836.

Revizor - Nikolai Gogol (1836)

Events

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  • March 31 (dated April) – The first monthly part of The Pickwick Papers by Charles Dickens is issued in London. On April 20, the original illustrator, Robert Seymour, committed suicide.[1] Seymour provided the illustrations for the first two instalments before his suicide. Robert William Buss illustrated the third instalment. Buss set aside his other work immediately. He prepared a dozen or so preliminary sketches for the novel, then in its second of twenty instalments. His drawings were regarded as adequate, but the process of etching on a steel plate was unfamiliar to him, so he hired an expert etcher. Buss realised that the "free touch of an original work was entirely wanting", and that the printed images lifted from his plates seemed lifeless and uninspired. He concluded, however, "Time was up"; the unsatisfactory illustrations for Part Three had to be issued.[2] The publishers dismissed him summarily: this disturbed Buss for the rest of his life. The commission went instead to Hablot Knight Browne, but Buss never held his dismissal against Dickens. Instead, Buss remained his lifelong admirer and went on to produce several paintings celebrating the author's work, including the unfinished Dickens' Dream.[2][3] The remaining instalments were illustrated by Hablot Knight Browne, who illustrated most of Dickens's subsequent novels. Browne's first two etched plates for Pickwick were signed "Nemo", but the third was signed "Phiz", a pseudonym which he retained in his subsequent work. When asked to explain why he chose this name, Browne answered that the change from "Nemo" to "Phiz" was made to harmonize better with Dickens's "Boz".[4] The novel's instalments were first published in book form in 1837.[5]
  • April 2 – Dickens marries Catherine Hogarth at St Luke's Church, Chelsea (London). They honeymoon at Chalk, Kent.[6]Catherine's sister, Mary Hogarth, entered Dickens's Doughty Street household to offer support to her newly married sister and brother-in-law. It was usual for an unwed sister of a wife to live with and help a newly married couple. Dickens became very attached to Mary, with historians debating the nature of the relationship. Mary died in Dickens' arms after a brief illness in 1837.[7] She became a character in many of his books, and her death is fictionalised as the death of Little Nell.[8]
  • April 19 – Nikolai Gogol's satire The Government Inspector («Ревизор») is premièred at the Alexandrinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg before the Emperor Nicholas I of Russia and first published there. The publication of the play led to a great outcry in the reactionary press. It took the personal intervention of Nicholas I to have the play staged, with Mikhail Shchepkin taking the role of the Mayor. Nicholas I was personally present at the play's premiere at the Alexandrinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg on April 19, 1836, concluding that "there is nothing sinister in the comedy, as it is only a cheerful mockery of bad provincial officials."[9] Gogol's works often satirised political corruption in the contemporary Russian Empire, but Gogol also enjoyed the patronage of Nicholas I, who personally liked his works.[10]
  • June – Georg Büchner begins work on his play Woyzeck; it remains unfinished when he dies the following year in Zürich.[11]
  • August 20 – The legal deposit privilege in the U.K. is removed from the libraries of Sion College in London, the four universities in Scotland and King's Inns in Dublin and replaced by a government grant for the purchase of books.
  • September – The Flinders Island Chronicle is founded in Australia, the first newspaper produced by indigenous Australians.[12]
  • October 23 – Honoré de Balzac's novel La Vieille Fille (The Old Maid) begins a 12-day serialization in the newly established Paris newspaper La Presse, as the first novel serialized in the French press.[13]
  • November 6 – The funeral of Czech romantic poet Karel Hynek Mácha takes place on what should have been the day of his wedding to Eleonora Šomková, about a month after the birth of their child. Mácha had overexerted himself in helping put out a fire and died just before his 26th birthday of pneumonia in Litoměřice.[14]
  • December – Charles Dickens first meets, in London, a lifelong friend, the biographer and critic John Forster.[6]
  • unknown dates

New books

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Fiction

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Children

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Drama

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Poetry

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Non-fiction

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Births

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Deaths

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References

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  1. ↑ Robert William Buss, English Graphic Satire and its Relation to Different Styles of Painting (London: Virtue & Co. for the Author, 1874), p. 139
  2. 1 2 R. W. Buss, 'My connexion with The Pickwick papers' (2 March 1872), in W. Dexter and J. W. T. Ley, The origin of 'Pickwick' (1936)
  3. ↑ "Charles Dickens Page". Charles Dickens Page. Retrieved 2019-07-11.
  4. ↑ Thomson 1911, p. 664.
  5. ↑ Dickens, Charles. The posthumous papers of the Pickwick Club. Open Library. OL 23001437M.
  6. 1 2 Schlicke, Paul, ed. (2011). The Oxford Companion to Charles Dickens (Anniversary ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-964018-8.
  7. ↑ Parker, David (1996). "Dickens and the Death of Mary Hogarth". Dickens Quarterly. 13 (2): 67–75. ISSN 0742-5473. JSTOR 45291584.
  8. ↑ Victorianweb.org – Mary Scott Hogarth, 1820–1837: Dickens's Beloved Sister-in-Law and Inspiration
  9. ↑ Очень нервный вечер. Как Николай I и Гоголь постановку «Ревизора» смотрели
  10. ↑ "Очень нервный вечер. Как Николай I и Гоголь постановку "Ревизора" смотрели" (in Russian). Argumenty i Fakty. 1 May 2016.
  11. ↑ Georg Büchner (1977). Georg Büchner: The Complete Collected Works. Avon Books. p. 234. ISBN 978-0-380-01815-4.
  12. ↑ Papers of George Augustus Robinson, ML A7073, vol. 52, part 4. Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales.
  13. ↑ Figes, Orlando (2019). The Europeans. Allen Lane. ISBN 978-0-241-00489-0.
  14. 1 2 Vašák, Pavel (2007). Šifrovaný deník Karla Hynka Máchy. Prague. ISBN 978-80-7304-083-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  15. ↑ California Slavic Studies. University of California Press. 1980. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-520-03584-3.
  16. ↑ Mullan, John (2007). Anonymity. London: Faber. pp. 179–80. ISBN 978-0-571-19514-5.
  17. ↑ Londré, Felicia Hardison; Berthold, Margot (1999). The History of World Theater: From the English Restoration to the Present. London: A&C Black. p. 303. ISBN 978-0-8264-1167-9.
  18. ↑ Van Gemert, Lia (2011). Women's Writing from the Low Countries 1200-1875: A Bilingual Anthology. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. p. 559. ISBN 978-9-08964-129-8.
  19. ↑ Crecelius, Kathryn J.; Offen, Karen (1991). "Juliette Adam". In Wilson, Katharina M. (ed.). An Encyclopedia of Continental Women Writers Volume 1. New York: Garland. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-82408-547-6.
  20. ↑ "William Godwin - British philosopher". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
  21. ↑ Charles Dexter Cleveland (1857). English Literature of the Nineteenth Century. Phillips, Sampson & Company. p. 338.
  22. ↑ Library Association (1930). Library Association Record. Library Association. p. 74.

Sources

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