Edith Emily Dornwell BSc (31 August 1865 – 18 November 1945) (later Raymond) was the first woman in Australia to graduate with a science degree, the first woman to graduate from the University of Adelaide, and the first person, male or female, to graduate with a science degree at the University of Adelaide.[1]
Edith Emily Dornwell | |
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Early life
editDornwell was born in New Zealand to German immigrant Bernhardt Carl Friedrich "Bernard" Dornwell and his wife Sarah.[2] The family later moved to Adelaide, South Australia where Dornwell initially studied at the State Central Model School.[3]
Following her father's early death when she was just 14, Dornwell won a bursary to attend the Advanced School for Girls (now Adelaide High School) the only state high school in South Australia during the 19th century.[4] Whilst at this school in 1880 she won first prize and £20 for the "Exhibition for Girls" examination.[4] She matriculated in 1882 with honours in French, German, animal physiology and modern history.[2]
University education
editDornwell was accepted into a Bachelor of Science degree at the University of Adelaide in 1883, just two years after the university amended its charter to enrol women.[4] She was one of the first women to enrol at the university and their first student, male or female, to enrol in a science program.[4]
Dornwell excelled in her studies. In April 1883, she received the Sir Thomas Elder Prize in Physiology, for which she received a microscope.[5]
In 1889, a representative of the University of Adelaide stated that "The most brilliant student in the science course, up to the present, has been a woman— Miss E Dornwell, who passed the first, second, and third year of that course first class in elementary physiology. As will be seen by reference to the winners of Sir T. Elder's prizes the women have been distinctly superior to the men."[6]
Encouraged by her physiology teacher, Professor Edward Stirling, Dornwell stated "Dr Stirling said that if I were successful, and he was convinced that I would be, I would gain the distinction of being the first woman graduate of the university, and the first woman to graduate in science in Australia."[7]
Dornwell graduated in 1885 with first class honours in physics and physiology.[a][2] At her graduation the university's chancellor, Chief Justice Sir Samuel Way said "In your distinguished undergraduate career, and in the manner in which you have taken that degree, you have not merely done honour to the University, but you have vindicated the right of your sex to compete, and to compete on equal terms, with other undergraduates for the honours and distinctions of the University."[8]
Teaching career
editFollowing her graduation Dornwell taught mathematics, physics, Latin and physiology at her former school, the Advanced School for Girls.[9] In 1887 she moved to Hawthorn, Victoria and became the resident teacher at the Methodist Ladies College and in 1890 she accepted the post as headmistress at the private Riviere Ladies' College in Woollahra, New South Wales.[2] Whilst at Riviere, she applied for the position of principal at the newly established Women's College at Sydney University, a post she did not win.[10]
Marriage, family, and later life
editDornwell married Lionel Charles Raymond (1868–1943), at St Andrew's Church, Walkerville on 13 February 1895.[11][12] Following their marriage, Dornwell moved to Fiji where Raymond had accepted a post with the CSR Limited.[2] The couple went on to raise two sons, Oliver Claude Raymond (1895-1980),[13] and Roland Lionel Raymond (1899–1964),[14] who were sent back to Sydney to continue their secondary education in Australia.[2]
Upon her husband's retirement Dornwell returned to Sydney where she was active in the Lyceum Club and the National Council of Women.[10]
Death
editNotes
edit- ↑ The University of Adelaide was the first Australian university to admit women as graduating students (in 1876), the University of Melbourne was the second (in 1881), the University of Sydney was the third (in 1882), and the University of Tasmania was the fourth (on its inception in 1890) (JK.1). Bella Guerin, who graduated B.A. from the University of Melbourne in December 1883, was the first woman to graduate from any Australian University; and, in December 1885, she was the first woman to graduate M.A. from any Australian University. In May 1885, Isola Florence Thompson, (B.A.) and Mary Elizabeth Brown, (B.A.), who had both enrolled in 1882, were the first women to graduate from Sydney University (IN.1); and, in May 1887 (DT.1), Thompson was the first woman to graduate M.A. from Sydney University. In December 1885, Edith Emily Dornwell, B.Sc. was the first woman to graduate from Adelaide University (PA.1). Eliza Helen Wilson (1869–1933), who graduated B.A. from the University of Tasmania in December 1896, was the first woman to graduate from the university of Tasmania (HM.1). She went on to graduate M.A. in April 1903 (TN.1). Maude Ethel Leggett (1876–1911) (B.A., Tasmania, 1897) was the first woman to graduate M.A. from the University of Tasmania, in November 1899 (HM.2).
Footnotes
edit- ↑ Cook, Andrew. "Edith Emily Dornwell and the Research Centre for Women's Studies – Part One". Archival Allsorts, The University of Adelaide. The University of Adelaide. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Creese, Mary S and Thomas M (8 February 2010). Ladies in the Laboratory III: South African, Australian, New Zealand, and Canadian Women in Science: Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries. Scarecrow Press. p. 61. ISBN 9780810872899. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
- ↑ Creese, Mary S and Thomas M (8 February 2010). Ladies in the Laboratory III: South African, Australian, New Zealand, and Canadian Women in Science: Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810872899. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
- 1 2 3 4 Mackinnon, Alison (28 January 1997). Love and Freedom: Professional Women and the Reshaping of Personal Life. Cambridge University Press. p. 81.
- ↑ "University of Adelaide". South Australian Register. 5 April 1883. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
- ↑ Kirby, Rev C J (18 May 1899). "Women and the Australian Universities". South Australian Chronicle. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
- ↑ Mackinnon, Alison (1997). Love and Freedom: Professional Women and the Reshaping of Personal Life. Cambridge University Press. pp. 81–82.
- ↑ "Australia's first female graduate". Lumen (Winter 2014): 5. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
- ↑ "Teachers". The University of South Australia. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
- 1 2 Mackinnon, Alison (1986). The New Women: Adelaide's early women graduates. Wakefield Press. p. 34.
- ↑ Marriages: Raymond—Dornwell, The (Adelaide) Evening Journal, (Wednesday, 20 February 1895), p. 2.
- ↑ Deaths: Raymond, The Sydney Morning Herald, (Friday, 14 May 1943), p. 10.
- ↑ Deaths: Raymond, The Age, (Saturday, 27 December 1980), p. 19.
- ↑ Deaths: Raymond, The Sydney Morning Herald, (Thursday, 30 January 1964), p. 22.
- ↑ (Legal Notice), Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales, No. 38, (Friday, 12 April 1946), pp. 943-934.
References
edit- DT.1: Candidates for Degrees: Faculty of Arts, The (Sydney) Daily Telegraph, (Monday, 16 May 1887), p. 3
- HM.1: University of Tasmania, The (Hobart) Mercury, (Wednesday, 23 December 1896), p. 4.
- HM.2: University of Tasmania, The (Hobart Mercury, (Tuesday, 21 November 1899), p. 3.
- IN.1: The Lady Bachelors of Art, The Illustrated Sydney News, (Saturday, 6 June 1885), p. 10.
- JK.1: Kirby, J.C. (1889), "Co-Education in Australia", The (Boston) Woman's Journal, Vol.20, No.25, (22 June 1889), p 200.
- PA.1: Miss Edith Emily Dornwell, The Pictorial Australian, (Saturday, 1 May 1886), p. 70.
- TN.1: The University, The Tasmanian News, (Wednesday, 8 April 1903), p. 2.
External links
edit- Teritiary Education for Women The Manning Index of South Australian History, State Library of South Australia
- Women graduates of the University of Adelaide SA Memory, State Library of South Australia
- Series 772 - Edith Emily Dornwell [Papers and Photographs] The University of Adelaide Archives