Zhu Fu (28 December 1364 – 1428) was an imperial prince of the Chinese Ming dynasty. He was the seventh son of the Hongwu Emperor, the founder of the Ming. In 1370, he was granted the title of Prince of Qi, and in 1382, he relocated to Qingzhou, Shandong. From 1399 to 1403, and again in 1406, he was stripped of his title and rank.
| Zhu Fu 朱榑 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prince of Qi | |||||||
| Born | 28 December 1364 | ||||||
| Died | 1428 (aged 63–64) | ||||||
| |||||||
| House | Zhu | ||||||
| Father | Hongwu Emperor | ||||||
| Mother | Consort Da | ||||||
| Chinese name | |||||||
| Chinese | 朱榑 | ||||||
| |||||||
Biography
editZhu Fu was born on 28 December 1364 as the seventh son of Zhu Yuanzhang (the future Hongwu Emperor). His mother was one of Zhu's concubines, Lady Da.[2] At the time, Zhu Yuanzhang was based in Nanjing and was a prominent leader of the Red Turban Rebellion, an uprising against the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The rebellion sought to restore Han Chinese rule after decades of Mongol domination following the Yuan conquest of the Song in 1279. In 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang founded the Ming dynasty[3] and became the Hongwu Emperor.[4] In May 1370, the Emperor bestowed the title of prince (王; wang) upon nine of his sons,[5] including Zhu Fu who became the Prince of Qi (齊王).[6]
As a child, Zhu Fu developed a close relationship with his half-brother Zhu Di, who was four years his senior.[4] In the late 1370s, he received training in the arts of war alongside other princes in Fengyang.[7] Upon reaching adulthood in 1382, he relocated to Qingzhou in Shandong Province, where he oversaw the local troops. During the 1390s, he played a role in commanding Ming armies during border conflicts with the Mongols.[8] However, he and other princes were reprimanded by their father for their arrogance and misuse of power.[9]
In 1398, the Hongwu Emperor died and was succeeded by his grandson, the Jianwen Emperor. The new government implemented a policy of "reducing the feudatories" and one of the victims of this policy was Zhu Fu, who was stripped of his title and authority in June 1399[10] and placed under house arrest in Nanjing.[11] In August 1399, Zhu Di rebelled,[12] and after a three-year civil war, the Jianwen Emperor was defeated. Zhu Di then took the throne as the Yongle Emperor on 17 July 1402.[13] One of the new emperor's first acts was to release Zhu Fu and restore his title, along with those of other princes.[11]
After a few years, he was once again accused of violent behavior[14] and in 1406, he was stripped of his princely rank.[15] He died in 1428.[15]
Notes
edit- ↑ In 1646, the Longwu Emperor of the Southern Ming dynasty restored Zhu Fu's princely title and gave him the posthumous name "Gong".[1]
- ↑ simplified Chinese: 齐恭王; traditional Chinese: 齊恭王; pinyin: Qí Gōngwáng
References
editCitations
edit- 1 2 Siwen daji, vol. 6, pp. 105–106.
- ↑ Goodrich & Fang (1976), p. 389.
- ↑ Tsai (2002), pp. 20–21.
- 1 2 Tsai (2002), p. 23.
- ↑ Langlois (1988), p. 120.
- ↑ Langlois (1988), p. 171.
- ↑ Tsai (2002), pp. 28–29.
- ↑ Chan (2007), p. 54.
- ↑ Chan (2007), p. 61.
- ↑ Chan (2007a), p. 86.
- 1 2 Goodrich & Fang (1976), p. 351.
- ↑ Chan (1988), p. 195.
- ↑ Chan (1988), p. 201.
- ↑ Goodrich & Fang (1976), p. 390.
- 1 2 Wang (2012), p. 93.
Works cited
edit- Chan, Hok-lam (1988). "The Chien-wen, Yung-lo, Hung-hsi, and Hsüan-te reigns". In Mote, Frederick W.; Twitchett, Denis C (eds.). The Cambridge History of China Volume 7: The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 184–304. ISBN 0521243327.
- Chan, Hok-lam (2007). "Ming Taizu's Problem with His Sons: Prince Qin's Criminality and Early-Ming Politics" (PDF). Asia Major. 20 (1). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 May 2012. Retrieved 9 November 2024.
- Chan, Hok-lam (2007). "Legitimating Usurpation: Historical revisions under the Ming Yongle Emperor (r. 1402–1424)". In Leung, Philip Yuen-sang (ed.). The Legitimation of New Orders: Case Studies in World History. Hong Kong: The Chinese University of Hong Kong. pp. 75–158. ISBN 978-962-996-239-5.
- Goodrich, L. Carrington; Fang, Chaoying, eds. (1976). Dictionary of Ming Biography, 1368–1644. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-03801-1.
- Siwen daji 思文大紀 (in Literary Chinese). Taipei: Bank of Taiwan, Department of Economic Research. 1961.
- Langlois, John D. Jr. (1988). "The Hung-wu reign, 1368–1398". In Mote, Frederick W.; Twitchett, Denis (eds.). The Cambridge History of China, Volume 7: The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part I. Cambridge University Press. pp. 107–181. ISBN 978-0-521-24332-2.
- Tsai, Shih-Shan Henry (2002). Perpetual Happiness: The Ming Emperor Yongle. Seattle, Wash.; Chesham: University of Washington Press; Combined Academic. ISBN 0295981245.
- Wang, Richard G (2012). The Ming Prince and Daoism: Institutional Patronage of an Elite. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199767687.