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List of barracks of the Austrian army https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_der_Kasernen_des_%C3%B6sterreichischen_Bundesheeres

This is a list of current and former barracks of the Austrian Army.

Burgenland

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Former barracks

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Carinthia

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Former barracks

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  • Aichelburg barracks, Wolfsberg.
  • Waisenhaus barracks, Klagenfurt.

Lower Austria

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Upper Austria

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gendarmerie

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Rank comparison chart of officers for gendarmeries of Francophone states. In France and some Francophone nations, the gendarmerie is a branch of the armed forces that is responsible for internal security in parts of the territory (primarily in rural areas and small towns in the case of France), with additional duties as military police for the armed forces.[1] In the mid-twentieth century, a number of former French mandates and colonial possessions adopted gendarmeries after independence.[2][3][4]

History

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Through the French colonial empire the gendarmerie was employed as a military and policing force throughout French colonies,[5][3] with Gendarmes from France being deployed in every colony in 1900.[6] The gendarmerie would also recruit personnel from the local populations, entrenching the idea of a gendarmerie in the colonial societies.[7][8]

In the mid-twentieth century, a number of former French mandates and colonial possessions adopted gendarmeries after independence.[2][3] These included Algeria,[9] Chad,[10] Djibouti,[11] the Ivory Coast, Lebanon, Madagascar, Morocco,[9][12] Senegal,[13] Syria,[14] Tunisia,[9][15] and the Republic of the Congo.[16]

france gend

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NATO codeOF-10OF-9OF-8OF-7OF-6OF-5OF-4OF-3OF-2OF-1
Rank title Général d'armée Général de corps d'armée Général de division Général de brigade Colonel Lieutenant-Colonel Chef d'Escadron Capitaine Lieutenant Sous-Lieutenant Aspirant Élève-officier
Departmental Gendarmerie No equivalent No equivalent
Air Transport Gendarmerie
Armament Gendarmerie
France Mobile Gendarmerie
Republican Guard
Air Gendarmerie No equivalent No equivalent
Maritime Gendarmerie
Technical and Administrative Service No equivalent
NATO codeOF-10OF-9OF-8OF-7OF-6OF-5OF-4OF-3OF-2OF-1
NATO codeOR-9OR-8OR-7OR-6OR-5OR-4OR-3OR-2OR-1
Rank title Major Adjudant-chef Adjudant Maréchal des Logis-Chef Gendarme Gendarme sous contrat Élève Sous-officer Gendarme Adjoint Maréchal-des-logis Gendarme Adjoint Brigadier Chef Gendarme Adjoint Brigadier Gendarme Adjoint première classe Gendarme Adjoint
Departmental Gendarmerie No equivalent
Air Transport Gendarmerie
Armament Gendarmerie
France Mobile Gendarmerie
Republican Guard
Air Gendarmerie No equivalent
Maritime Gendarmerie
Technical and Administrative Service No equivalent
NATO codeOR-9OR-8OR-7OR-6OR-5OR-4OR-3OR-2OR-1

Officers

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Although they all wear the same insignia and titles, officers are divided into:

  • Regular officers of the army
  • Officers of the Armed Forces Commisariat Corps (formerly Army Commisariat Corps)
  • Officers of the technical and administrative corps of the armed forces (formerly of the Army)

Officiers généraux - general officers

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NATO
rank		 Rank insignia Name Description
Departmental Gendarmerie Air Transport Gendarmerie Armament Gendarmerie Mobile Gendarmerie Republican Guard Air Gendarmerie Maritime Gendarmerie Technical and Administrative Service French English translation
OF-9 Général d'armée Army general In command of an army.
OF-8 Général de corps d'armée Army corps general In command of an army corps.[note 1]
OF-7 Général de division Divisional general In command of a division.
OF-6 Général de brigade Brigade general In command of a brigade, or of a région in the Gendarmerie.

There is no distinction between infantry and cavalry generals, since they are all supposed to be able to command any type of unit. The rank was formerly designated as Lieutenant-General of the Armies until 1791. The official historic succession of the "Lieutenant-General of France" corresponded to Général de division for the French Army, and Vice-Amiral (Vice-Admiral) for the French Navy. The rank of Général de corps d'armée wasn't officially adopted until 1939, along with five other French Armed Forces ranks. It must also be noted that Army corps general and Army general are not really ranks, but styles and positions (Rang et appellation in french) bestowed upon a Divisional general, which is the highest substantive rank in the French Army.

Officiers supérieurs - senior officers

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NATO
rank		 Rank insignia Name Notes
Departmental Gendarmerie Air Transport Gendarmerie Armament Gendarmerie Mobile Gendarmerie Republican Guard Air Gendarmerie Maritime Gendarmerie Technical and Administrative Service French English translation
OF-5 Colonel Colonel A colonel commands a regiment of the army or a groupement of the Gendarmerie. During the French Revolution, they were called chef de brigade. Cavalry arms wear silver. The origin of the difference in metal colour is that infantry officers once wore silver epaulettes, while those of the cavalry and other arms wore gold, and the colour of the rank badge had to differ from these metals in each case.[citation needed]
OF-4 Lieutenant-colonel Lieutenant colonel The lieutenant-colonel has the same responsibilities as a colonel. They were called major during the First French Empire.
OF-3 Chef d'Escadron Squadron chief It is equivalent to a major in most English-speaking countries.

Officiers subalternes - junior officers

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NATO
rank		 Rank insignia Name Notes
Shoulder Camouflage French English translation
OF-2 Capitaine Captain In command of a company (French: compagnie) of infantry, a squadron (French: escadron) of cavalry or a battery (French: batterie) of artillery.
OF-1 Lieutenant Lieutenant Commands a platoon (French: section) of infantry, a troop (French: peloton) of cavalry, or a brigade of the Gendarmerie.
Sous-lieutenant Sub-lieutenant Commands at the same level as a lieutenant, but is a more junior officer rank.
Aspirant Aspirant An Officer Designate rank. Technically it is not a commissioned rank but it is still treated in all respects as one. Aspirants are either officers in training in military academies or voluntaries, serving as temporary officers. The aspirant must have been previously élève officier (Officer Cadet). They can afterwards be commissioned as a sous-lieutenant. The insignia is a single curl of gold lace, disrupted by "flashes" of wool. It was widely used during both World Wars for providing young educated people with an officer's authority.
Élève officier Officer cadet A rank held during the first years at the officer academies (École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr, École militaire interarmes or École des officiers de la gendarmerie nationale)

Sous-officiers - sub-officers, i.e. non-commissioned officers

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NATO
rank		 Rank insignia Name Notes
Shoulder Camouflage French English translation
OR-9 Major Major Senior sub-officer rank since 1 January 2009 this grade is attached to the sous-officiers. Prior to this date it was an independent corps between the sous-officiers and the officiers. There is typically at least one Major per regiment and several in a brigade.
Adjudant-chef Chief Adjutant Often same responsibilities as the lieutenant.
OR-8 Adjudant Adjutant Often same responsibilities as an adjudant-chef.
OR-7 Sergent-chef brevet militaire de 2e niveau (infantry)
Maréchal-des-logis-chef de 1ere classe (Cavalry)		 Brevet chief sergeant 2nd level
Chief marshal of lodgings first class		 Introduced in September 2022, as part of a reform to the NCO ranks.[17]
OR-6 Sergent-Chef (infantry)
Maréchal des logis-chef (Cavalry)		 Chief sergeant
Chief marshal of lodgings		 Addressed as "chef". Typically a platoon second-in-command.
OR-5 Sergent (infantry)
Maréchal des logis (Cavalry)		 Sergeant
Marshal of lodgings		 Typically in command of a "group" (i.e. squad).
Élève sous-officier NCO student NCO candidates at the ENSOA.

Aspirants are cadet officers still in training. Sous-lieutenants are junior officers and are often aided by adjudants or adjudants-chefs, who are experienced NCOs/warrant officers.

Full lieutenants are experienced junior officers, served by sergeants when commanding their unit.

A four chevron sergent-chef-major rank existed until 1947. It was a ceremonial rank usually given to the most senior or experienced NCO in a unit. It was discontinued in the post-war army due to its redundancy.[citation needed]

Militaires du rang - Troop ranks

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Junior enlisted grades have different cloth stripe and beret colour depending on the service they are assigned to. Troupes métropolitaines ("from the French mainland") units wear blue, Troupes de marine (the former troupes coloniales') wear red, and the Légion Étrangère (Foreign Legion) units wear green.

A red beret indicates a paratrooper, whether from the "troupes de marine" or not. A legionnaire paratrooper wears a green beret with the general parachutist badge on it, the same badge used by all French Army paratroopers who completed their training.

Senior grades' lace stripe metal depends on their arm of service, just like the officiers. Infantry and support units wear gold stripes and cavalry and technical services units wear silver stripes.

NATO
rank		 Rank insignia Name Notes
Shoulder Camouflage French English translation
OR-4 Caporal-chef de première classe Chief corporal first class Distinction created in 1999. Caporal-chef after at least 11 years of service and appropriate degree.
Caporal-chef (infantry)
Brigadier-chef (Cavalry)		 Chief corporal
Chief brigadier		 Often same responsibilities as a sergent.
OR-3 Caporal (infantry)
Brigadier (Cavalry)		 Corporal
Brigadier		 In command of an équipe - literally a team (fireteam). Presently this size unit is a trinôme in the army.
OR-2 Soldat de première classe Soldier first class This is a distinction rather than a rank.

Trail of tears

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|29 April 1916 |(6 days) |Easter Rising[18]


| United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland |Irish Republic Irish rebel forces

|Dublin |485 killed[20][21][22] |Unconditional surrender of rebel forces,[23] execution of most leaders.[24] |colspan=3|[a] |- |7 November 1917 |7 November 1917 |(1 day)[25]

  1. ↑ Lioe, Kim Eduard (2010). Armed Forces in Law Enforcement Operations? – The German and European Perspective (1989 ed.). Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 52–57. ISBN 978-3-642-15433-1.
  2. 1 2 Lutterbeck 2018, p. 8.
  3. 1 2 3 "La gendarmerie dans le monde" [The Gendarmerie in the world]. Ministère de l’Intérieur (in French). Archived from the original on 25 April 2024.
  4. ↑ Kirisci, Mustafa (2020). "Who Fights Terror: Gendarmerie Forces and Terrorist Group Termination". Terrorism and Political Violence. 34 (4): 746–771. doi:10.1080/09546553.2020.1741355.
  5. ↑ Haberbusch, Benoît (2014). "La gendarmerie de l'outre-mer en 1914" [The Overseas Gendarmerie in 1914] (PDF). Histoire et Patrimoine des Gendarmes (in French) (9): 62–71. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 June 2024.
  6. ↑ Haberbusch, Benoît (2000). "La gendarmerie coloniale au début du siècle" [The colonial gendarmerie at the beginning of the century]. Revue historique des Armées (in French). 218 (218): 98–107. doi:10.3406/rharm.2000.4908.
  7. ↑ Kalman, Samuel (Summer 2020). "Introduction Policing the French Empire: Colonial Law Enforcement and the Search for Racial-Territorial Hegemony". Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques. 46 (2). Berghahn Books: 1–8. doi:10.3167/hrrh.2020.460201. ISSN 1939-2419.
  8. ↑ Thomas, Martin (Summer 2010). "The gendarmerie, information collection, and colonial violence in French North Africa between the wars". Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques. 36 (2). Berghahn Books. doi:10.3167/hrrh.2010.360206. ISSN 1939-2419.
  9. 1 2 3 Lutterbeck 2018, p. 38.
  10. ↑ "Gendarmerie nationale tchadienne" [Chadian National Gendarmerie]. force-publique.net (in French). Archived from the original on 20 June 2019. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
  11. ↑ "National Gendarmerie of Djibouti". FIEP. Archived from the original on 13 November 2024.
  12. ↑ "The Moroccan Gendarmerie Royale at the service of citizens". FIEP. Archived from the original on 14 May 2024.
  13. ↑ "Senegalese National Gendarmerie". FIEP. Archived from the original on 8 August 2024.
  14. ↑ Deep, Daniel (2012). Occupying Syria Under the French Mandate: Insurgency, Space and State Formation. Cambridge University Press. p. 204. ISBN 978-1-107-00006-3.
  15. ↑ "Tunisian National Guard". FIEP. Archived from the original on 20 May 2024.
  16. ↑ Clark, John; Decalo, Samuel (2012). Historical Dictionary of Republic of the Congo. Lanham: Scarecrow Press. pp. 44–49. ISBN 978-0-8108-7989-8.
  17. ↑ "Première remise du nouveau galon de SCH BM2 par le CEMAT". rh-terre.defense.gouv.fr (in French). 7 September 2022. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
  18. ↑ {{bulleted list| | Young, James D. (1991). "John Maclean, Socialism, and the Easter Rising". Saothar. 16: 23–33. JSTOR 23197125. | Newsinger, John (Summer 1983). "James Connolly and the Easter Rising". Science & Society. 47 (2): 152–177. JSTOR 40402480. | Woods, Alan; Grant, Ted (29 March 2016). "100 Years On: James Connolly and the 1916 Easter Rising". Revolutionary Communist International. | Lysaght, D. R. O'Connor (1993). The Communists and the Irish revolution. ISBN 978-0951703427.
  19. ↑ Townshend, Charles (2006). Easter 1916: The Irish Rebellion. London: Ivan R. Dee Inc. ISBN 978-1566637046.
  20. ↑ "1916 Necrology" (PDF). Glasnevin Trust. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 December 2017.
  21. ↑ "1916 list". Glasnevin Trust. Archived from the original on 5 April 2017.
  22. ↑ Sinn Fein Rebellion handbook, Easter, 1916. Irish Times. 1916. p. 52.
  23. ↑ Townshend, Charles (2006). Easter 1916: The Irish Rebellion. London: Ivan R. Dee Inc. pp. 243–246. ISBN 978-1566637046.
  24. ↑ Outram, Quentin; Laybourn, Keith, eds. (2018). Secular Martyrdom in Britain and Ireland. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 165–194. ISBN 978-3-319-62904-9.
  25. ↑ Carlisle 2005, p. 96.
  1. ↑ The Général de corps d'armée in the French Armed Forces, is the third ranking order of the general officer corps, based on the hierarchical order. The designation of a général de corps d'armée is situated above a général de division and underneath the designation of général d'armée. By regulation, the rank refers to an officer of the rank of « Général de division » who receives the « rank and designation » of a « Général de corps d'armée ». This rank would command an Army Corps, a unit composing several Divisions. The insignia is composed of 4 stars. A Presidential Decree on 19 November 1873 introduced for a first time the notion of "corps armée". A circular on 17 March 1921 depicted that generals commanding an Army Corps (French: corps d'armée) would wear a 4th star, forming with the first three, a diamond shape. The generals commanding the army and the members of the Superior War Council wore a 5th star, superposed in the first 4 stars. Finally a Law Decree of 6 June 1939 made official, the designations and ranks referrals of "Général d'armée", "Général de corps d'armée", "Amiral", "Vice-amiral d'escadre", "Général d'armée aérienne" et "Général de corps aérien".
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  1. ↑ While not explicitly Communist in Nature, the Easter Rising of 1916 was supported by Marxist groups such as the Irish Citizen Army.
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