The Belait Rebellion, also known as the Tutong–Belait Rebellion or simply the Belait War was the last war participated by Brunei, before the Second World War in the Southeast Asian theater and the Brunei revolt of 1962.
| Belait Rebellion | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Belait and Tutong coloured in red | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Belait Raj of Sarawak (until 1901) |
 Brunei British Administration of Brunei (diplomatically) | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Dato Di-Gadong  Dato Kallam Charles Brooke |
Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin Bendahara Anak Besar | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
|
4 civilians killed 100 families robbed at least 200 families fled to Sarawak | |||||||
Prelude
editThe rebellion started when the Pengiran Bendahara at time, attempted to collect three years' worth of back-taxes from the Belait district. In response, local residents killed the tax collectors.[1]
In both Tutong and Belait, however the former had the worst treatment, they were forced to do dagang serah or forced trade where the representatives (penyuru) extorted the rural residents and natives to buy goods like cotton and brassware with unfair prices, higher than their actual value.[2][3] In Tutong, the princes had many residents enslaved and forced the remaining to give heavy tribute.[4][3]
War
editAfter the residents of Belait killed tax collectors sent by the Bendahara, Dato Di Gadong, alongside Dato Kallam began to raise up a force in Kampong Limau Manis.[1][5] In 1899, Dato Di Gadong killed three men for refusing to join his revolution against Sultan Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin.[1][6]
Early in 1901, Dato Di Gadong organised an uprising in Tutong purportedly with the backing of Rajah of Sarawak, Sir Charles Brooke, who wanted to use Brunei's instability as a pretext for annexing the area. Brooke's proposal was thwarted when the British authorities cautioned him not to intervene. In the same year, Dato Di Gadong shot several people for also refusing to join his revolution, further tainting the rebellion's image.[1][6]
In July 1901, attacks on the Birau area began, with the rebels targeting shops owned by Chinese merchants, resulting in four people killed and one hundred families robbed during the killing.[1] With at least two hundred families fleeing into Sarawak, seeing no hope in Brunei.[1]
Aftermath
editWhile most rebels received amnesty from the Bruneian authorities, Dato Di Gadong and Dato Kalam of Limau Manis were left out with their coercion tactics during the rebellion and fled to Limbang, where they were found guilty of stealing carabao. When Dato Di Gadong returned to Tutong illegally in 1902, the Sultan ordered his death for many murders during the rebellion.[6]
References
edit- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Horton, A. V. M. (March 1987). "The Disturbances in the Tutong and Belait Districts of Brunei (1899–1901)". Journal of Southeast Asian Studies. 18 (1): 93–107. doi:10.1017/S0022463400001272. ISSN 1474-0680.
- ↑ McArthur, Report on Brunei, para.29
- 1 2 Horton, A. V. M. (March 1987). "The Disturbances in the Tutong and Belait Districts of Brunei (1899–1901)". Journal of Southeast Asian Studies. 18 (1): 93–107. doi:10.1017/S0022463400001272. ISSN 1474-0680.
- ↑ McArthur, Report on Brunei, para.28-33
- ↑ Omar, Abdul Malik (2012-01-04). "Datu Digadong and Datu Kallam : The Revolution Against the Brooke's and British Imperialists". The Brunei Standard. Retrieved 2026-05-10.
- 1 2 3 Sidhu 2009, p. 71.
Sources
edit- Sidhu, Jatswan S. (2009-12-22). Historical Dictionary of Brunei Darussalam. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7078-9.