The Party of Rights (Croatian: Stranka prava) was a Croatian nationalist political party in Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia, a part of Austria-Hungary at the time.
Party of Rights Stranka prava | |
|---|---|
| Leader | Ante Starčević |
| Founder | Ante Starčević Eugen Kvaternik |
| Founded | 26 June 1861 |
| Dissolved | 6 January 1929 |
| Headquarters | Zagreb |
| Newspaper | Hrvatsko pravo, Hervat and Hrvatska kruna |
| Ideology | Croatian nationalism Croatian irredentism[1] National conservatism Monarchism[2][3][4] |
| Political position | Right-wing to far-right[5] |
| Slogan | Bog i Hrvati |
It was founded in 1861 by Ante Starčević and Eugen Kvaternik, two influential nationalist politicians who advocated for the Croatian state right, a greater Croatian autonomy and later for the independence of the Kingdom of Croatia. The party split in 1895. The mainstream known as Domovinaši merged with the Croatian Progressive Party to form the Croatian United Independent Party in 1910. The splinter group known as the Frankists organised the Pure Party of Rights claiming lineage from the Party of Rights.
Ideology
editThe Party of Rights advocated for the Croatian state and crown rights which stated that all Croatian crown lands of Croatia, Dalmatia, Slavonia and Bosnia - Herzegovina should be united. Their ideology was a blend of patriotism, conservativism, monarchism, distributism antiliberalism and Christian - social policy built on Catholic doctrine as well as personal liberties, freedom of speech and religion.
The first official program of the Party of rights was issued in 1894 by Ante Starčević and the leadership of the party at the building of the Starčević palace in Zagreb. It promoted unification of Croatian crown lands, monarchism, patriotism and personal freedom as well as freedom of the press:
1. The Party of Rights, based on state law and the national principle, will work by all lawful means to unite the Croatian people, who live in Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia, on the Rijeka with the district in Medjumurje, Bosnia, Herzegovina and Istria, into one independent state body, within the framework of the Habsburg monarchy, and will support with all its strength and efforts the Slovene brothers, so that the Slovene lands are also annexed to this state body.'[6]
2. The Party of Rights will also work to organize the Kingdom of Croatia as a constitutional and free state governed by the rule of law, so that the people, through their representatives in all branches of state life, will exercise legislative power in Parliament in agreement with the Crown, according to the principle of parliamentary rule. The parliamentary government is headed by the Ban of the Kingdom of Croatia.[6]
3. Affairs common to the entire monarchy arising from the Croatian pragmatic sanction will be resolved by the Kingdom of Croatia on an equal footing with the Kingdom of Hungary, along with the other lands of His Majesty.[6]
4. The Party of Rights will work together to bring the constitution, freedom and legal independence of the Kingdom of Croatia to life and to guarantee all legal guarantees, especially a free-thinking electoral system, the right to assemble and meet, and freedom of conscience, speech and the press.[6]
History
editThis section needs more citations. (March 2016) |
The Party of Rights was founded by Ante Starčević and Eugen Kvaternik inspired by the French Revolution of 1848. Starčević became disappointed with the suppression of the Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire and broke existing ties with the Illyrian movement championing the Croatian national revival. He went on to establish the Party of Rights in the aftermath of the 1861 sitting of the Croatian Sabor.[7] On 26 June 1861, in his speech at the assembly, Starčević endorsed earlier Kvaternik's speech at the same venue, supporting his ideas that Croatia deserved a position equal to that of the Kingdom of Hungary within the Austrian Empire by reference to the Croatian state right.[8] Starčević and Kvaternik opposed forging of closer ties between Croatia and Hungary than those existing between Vienna and Budapest. Six years later, the empire was reformed through the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 splitting Croatian lands, referred to as the Triune Kingdom by the proponents of the Croatian national revival, between Cisleithania and Transleithania, the Austrian and Hungarian parts of Austria-Hungary. The Compromise and its consequences, including the 1868 Croatian–Hungarian Settlement regulating relations between Hungary and the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia, were opposed by the Party of Rights.[9]
In early October 1871, Kvaternik and several other party members disavowed the official party position, which advocated a political solution, and instead launched the Rakovica revolt. The rebels declared the following aims:
- freedom of the Croatian people from Austrian and Magyar (Hungarian) oppression
- proclamation of an independent Croatia
- equality under law
- municipal self-government
- abolition of the Military Frontier and introduction of free counties
- respect for both religions in love and unity
The rebels also sought to encourage participation of Orthodox Serbs in the revolt, and some of them did, but the uprising was soon crushed by the authorities. Most of the rebels were killed, including Kvaternik.
The party ran in the 1883 Croatian parliamentary by-election and the 1884 Croatian parliamentary election.
On 22 October 1895, the party split.[10] Earlier that year, during a visit of Emperor Franz Joseph to Zagreb, a flag-burning incident happened, that was disavowed by the party leader Fran Folnegović. However, Ante Starčević disagreed, and he and his followers, notably Eugen Kumičić and Josip Frank (a Jewish convert to Catholicism), formed the Pure Party of Rights (Croatian: Čista stranka prava).[11]
In the 1897 Croatian parliamentary election, both parties ran. In 1902, the two Parties reconciled; however, in 1905 the leadership of the party, led by Frano Supilo, merged into the Croat-Serb Coalition, and the Pure Party of Rights was formed once again. Starčević's Party of Rights participated in the 1908 Croatian parliamentary election.[citation needed]
The Party of Rights also operated in Dalmatia, which was separated from Croatia and Slavonia at the time. They participated in the Dalmatian elections in 1895, 1901 and 1908.[citation needed]
Legacy
editThe Croatian Party of Rights was banned during the time of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1929–1941), Independent State of Croatia (1941–1945) and Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1990). During those periods, the party was organized in emigree and underground groups. The Croatian Party of Rights would be reestablished in Croatian during democratic changes in 1990, with its first president being Dobroslav Paraga and the current Marina Logarušić.
See also
edit- Croatian Party of Rights main successor
- Croatian Pure Party of Rights,
- Croatian Party of Rights 1861,
- Autochthonous Croatian Party of Rights,
- Croatian Party of Rights Dr. Ante Starčević,
- Croatian Party of Rights of Bosnia and Herzegovina,
- Party of Croatian Right,
- Party of Rights of Bosnia and Herzegovina 1861
References
edit- ↑ 1996 Jill Irvine, State-building and nationalism in Croatia, 1990-1960
- ↑ ABM, Monarhizam kao ideologija i pokret u 21.st., Obnova magazine, no 8, p: 86
- ↑ Ante Starčević, Vladavina; Republika ili Monarhija, Izabrani spisi (19439, p: 445-448
- ↑ Author: Leo Marić, Name: Made in Europe? Europski utjecaji na hrvatski nacionalizamAnte Starčević, svojim političkim spisima redovno rabi podjelu političkih sustava na monarhije, republike i despocije, pri čemu je on sâm zagovornik ustavne monarhije., (3.3.2019.), http://www.obnova.com.hr/radovi/autori/86-made-in-europe-europski-utjecaji-na-hrvatski-nacionalizam
- ↑ Stojarová, Věra. "Historical Legacies of the Balkan Far Right." In The Far Right in the Balkans, 20-33. Manchester; New York: Manchester University Press, 2013. Retrieved 25 February 2021. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1mf7124.8.
- 1 2 3 4 Stranka prava, "Slava Anti Starčeviću", pp. 152-153. Zagreb; Tisak prve radničke tiskare, 1903.
- ↑ Veselinović 2018, pp. 584–585.
- ↑ Šokčević 2023, p. 68.
- ↑ Veselinović 2018, pp. 591–592.
- ↑ Šetić 2014, p. 239.
- ↑ Stephen Richards Graubard (1999). A New Europe for the Old?. Transaction Publishers. p. 59. ISBN 978-1-4128-1617-5. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
Under Josip Frank, who carried the rightists into a new era, the party became obsessively anti-Serbian.
Sources
edit- Matković, Hrvoje (2002). Povijest Nezavisne Države Hrvatske (in Croatian). Naklada Pavičić. ISBN 953-6308-39-8.
- Šetić, Nevio (2014). "Odnos istarskih pravaša prema raskolu u Stranci prava Banske Hrvatske 1895" [Relation of the Istrian Members of the Party of Rights Toward the Disunion in the Party of Rights in Ban's Croatia of 1895]. Tabula: časopis Filozofskog fakulteta, Sveučilište Jurja Dobrile u Puli (in Croatian) (12). Pula: Juraj Dobrila University of Pula: 233–244. doi:10.32728/tab.12.2014.20. ISSN 1331-7830.
- Šokčević, Dinko (2023). "Kasni odjeci teorijske pripreme zavjere: pitanje jednoga političkog plana iz 17. stoljeća u mađarskom (i, neposredno, u hrvatskom) javnom životu 1868. godine i politička pozadina objavljivanja spisa i nastanka znanstvene monografije Gyule Paulera o „Uroti"" [Late Reverberations of Theoretical Preparations for the Conspiracy: A Political Plan from the 17th Century in the Hungarian (and the Croatian) Public Life in 1868; Political Background to the Publication of an Act and the Creation of the Scientific Monograph by Gyula Pauler on the "Conspiracy"]. Rad Hrvatske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti : Razred za društvene znanosti (in Croatian) (57=560). Zagreb: Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts: 59–74. doi:10.21857/mwo1vcrpey. ISSN 1848-7904.
- Veselinović, Velimir (2018). "Pregled razvoja pravaške ideologije i politike" [An Overview of the Development of Rightist Ideology and Politics]. Časopis za suvremenu povijest (in Croatian). 50 (3). Zagreb: Croatian Institute of History: 583–620. ISSN 0590-9597.