List of regions in the human brain

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The human brain anatomical regions are ordered following standard neuroanatomy hierarchies. Functional, connective, and developmental regions are listed in parentheses where appropriate.

The Brodmann areas of a human brain

Most famous parts of the brain highlighted in different colours

Hindbrain (rhombencephalon)

Embryonic vertebrate subdivisions of the developing human brain

The hindbrain or rhombencephalon is a developmental categorization of portions of the central nervous system in vertebrates. It includes the medulla, pons, and cerebellum.

Myelencephalon

Metencephalon

Pons Varolii

Pontine nuclei
Pontine cranial nerve nuclei
- Chief or pontine nucleus of the trigeminal nerve sensory nucleus (V)
- Motor nucleus for the trigeminal nerve (V)
- Abducens nucleus (VI)
- Facial nerve nucleus (VII)
- Vestibulocochlear nuclei (VIII; vestibular nuclei and cochlear nuclei)
- Superior salivatory nucleus
Pontine tegmentum
- Pontine micturition center (Barrington's nucleus)
- Locus coeruleus
- Pedunculopontine nucleus
- Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus
- Tegmental pontine reticular nucleus
- Nucleus incertus
Parabrachial area
- Medial parabrachial nucleus
- Lateral parabrachial nucleus
- Subparabrachial nucleus (Kölliker-Fuse nucleus)
  - Pontine respiratory group
Superior olivary complex
- Medial superior olive
- Lateral superior olive
- Medial nucleus of the trapezoid body
Paramedian pontine reticular formation
Parvocellular reticular nucleus
Caudal pontine reticular nucleus
Cerebellar peduncles

Fourth ventricle

Circumventricular organs (also around the Third ventricle)

Cerebellum

Midbrain (mesencephalon)

Cross-section of the midbrain

Forebrain (prosencephalon)

Diencephalon

Diencephalon

Epithalamus

Third ventricle

Subcommissural organ
Circumventricular organs (also around the Fourth ventricle)

Hypothalamus (limbic system, HPA axis)

Anterior
- Medial area
  - Parts of preoptic area
    - Medial preoptic nucleus
      - INAH 1
      - INAH 2
      - INAH 3
      - INAH 4
    - Median preoptic nucleus
  - Suprachiasmatic nucleus
  - Paraventricular nucleus
  - Supraoptic nucleus (mainly)
  - Anterior hypothalamic nucleus
- Lateral area
  - Parts of preoptic area
    - Lateral preoptic nucleus
  - Anterior part of Lateral nucleus
  - Part of supraoptic nucleus
- Other nuclei of preoptic area
  - Median preoptic nucleus
  - Periventricular preoptic nucleus
Tuberal
- Medial area
- Lateral area
  - Tuberal part of Lateral nucleus
  - Lateral tuberal nuclei
Posterior
- Medial area
  - Mammillary nuclei (part of mammillary bodies)
  - Posterior nucleus
- Lateral area
  - Posterior part of Lateral nucleus
Surface
- Median eminence
- Mammillary bodies
- Pituitary stalk (infundibulum)
Optic chiasm
Subfornical organ
Periventricular nucleus
Tuber cinereum
- Tuberal nucleus
- Tuberomammillary nucleus
Tuberal region
Mammillary nucleus

Subthalamus (HPA axis)

Pituitary gland (HPA axis)

Telencephalon (cerebrum) / Cerebral hemispheres

White matter

Subcortical

Hippocampus (Medial temporal lobe)
- Dentate gyrus
- Cornu ammonis (CA fields)
  - Cornu ammonis area 1 (CA1)
  - Cornu ammonis area 2 (CA2)
  - Cornu ammonis area 3 (CA3)
  - Cornu ammonis area 4 (CA4)
Amygdala (limbic system, limbic lobe)
- Central nucleus (autonomic nervous system)
- Medial nucleus (accessory olfactory system)
- Cortical and basomedial nuclei (main olfactory system)
- Lateral and basolateral nuclei (frontotemporal cortical system)
Extended amygdala
- Stria terminalis
  - Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis
Claustrum
Basal ganglia
- Striatum
  - Dorsal striatum (a.k.a. neostriatum)
    - Putamen
    - Caudate nucleus
  - Ventral striatum
    - Nucleus accumbens
    - Olfactory tubercle
- Globus pallidus (forms nucleus lentiformis with putamen)
  - Ventral pallidum
- Subthalamic nucleus
Basal forebrain

Rhinencephalon (paleocortex)

Cerebral cortex (neocortex)

Frontal lobe
- Cortex
- Gyri
- Brodmann areas: 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 24, 25, 32, 33, 44, 45, 46, 47
Parietal lobe
- Cortex
- Gyri
  - Postcentral gyrus (Primary somesthetic area)
- Other
  - Precuneus
- Brodmann areas: 1, 2, 3 (Primary somesthetic area); 5, 7, 23, 26, 29, 31, 39, 40
Occipital lobe
- Cortex
  - Primary visual cortex (V1)
  - V2
  - V3
  - V4
- Gyri
  - Lateral occipital gyrus
- Other
  - Cuneus
- Brodmann areas: 17 (primary visual cortex, V1); 18, 19
Temporal lobe
- Cortex
- Gyri
- Brodmann areas: 20, 21, 22, 27, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 41, 42
- Other
  - Medial superior temporal area (MST)
Insular cortex
Cingulate cortex
- Anterior cingulate
- Posterior cingulate
- Retrosplenial cortex
- Indusium griseum
- Subgenual area 25
- Brodmann areas: 23, 24; 26, 29, 30 (retrosplenial areas); 31, 32

Neural pathways

Somatosensory system

Visual system

Auditory system

Nerves

Brain stem
- Cranial nerves

Neuroendocrine systems

Hypothalamic–pituitary hormones
- HPA axis – CRH; ACTH
- HPG axis – GnRH; LH and FSH
- HPT axis – TRH; TSH
- HPS axis – GHRH; GH
- HPP axis – Dopamine (inhibitor); Prolactin
Hypothalamic–neurohypophyseal system

Neurovascular systems

Neurotransmitter pathways

Dural meningeal system

Cerebrospinal Fluid
Brain-cerebrospinal fluid barrier
Meningeal coverings
Epidural space
Subdural space
Subarachnoid space
- Arachnoid septum
- Superior cistern
- Cistern of lamina terminalis
- Chiasmatic cistern
- Interpeduncular cistern
- Pontine cistern
- Cisterna magna
- Spinal subarachnoid space
Ventricular system
- Lateral ventricles
  - Angular bundle
  - Anterior horn
  - Body of lateral ventricle
  - Inferior horn
  - Posterior horn
    - Calcar avis
  - Subventricular zone
- Third ventricle
- Fourth ventricle
- Foramina

Limbic system

Cortical areas:
- Limbic lobe
- Orbitofrontal cortex
- Piriform cortex part of the olfactory system
- Entorhinal cortex
- Hippocampus and associated structures
- Fornix and septal nuclei
Subcortical areas:
Diencephalic structures:

Other areas that have been included in the limbic system include the:

Stria medullaris
Central gray and dorsal and ventral nuclei of Gudden

Related topics

References

External links

Brain at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) (view tree for regions of the brain)
BrainMaps.org
BrainInfo (University of Washington)
"Brain Anatomy and How the Brain Works". Johns Hopkins Medicine. 14 July 2021.
"Brain Map". Queensland Health. 12 July 2022.
Brain Anatomy on MRI

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