List of prime ministers of Czechoslovakia

The prime minister of Czechoslovakia (Czech: předseda vlády Československa, Slovak: predseda vlády Česko-Slovenska) was the head of government of Czechoslovakia, from the creation of the First Czechoslovak Republic in 1918 until the dissolution of the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic on 1 January 1993.

Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia
Předseda vlády Československa (Czech) Predseda vlády Česko-Slovenska (Slovak)
Coat of arms
Longest serving Lubomír Štrougal 28 January 1970 – 12 October 1988
Appointer	The president
Formation	14 November 1918 (1918-11-14)
First holder	Karel Kramář
Final holder	Jan Stráský
Abolished	31 December 1992 (1992-12-31)
Superseded by	Prime Minister of the Czech Republic Prime Minister of Slovakia

During periods when the post of the president of Czechoslovakia was vacant, the prime minister took on most presidential duties. However, the Czechoslovak constitutions do not define anything like a post of acting president.

Prime ministers of Czechoslovakia (1918–1992)

Political parties

  Czechoslovak National Democracy (ČsND)

  Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party (ČSSD)

  Republican Party of Farmers and Peasants (RSZML)

  Party of National Unity (SNJ)

  Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ)

  Civic Democratic Union (ODÚ)

  Civic Democratic Party (ODS)

Other factions

  Independent

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Ethnicity	Term of office			Political party		Cabinet	Ref.
				Took office	Left office	Time in office
First Czechoslovak Republic (1918–1938)
–		Tomáš Masaryk (1850–1937)	Czech	14 October 1918	14 November 1918	31 days		Independent	Provisional Government
1		Karel Kramář (1860–1937)	Czech	14 November 1918	8 July 1919	236 days		Czechoslovak Constitutional Democracy	Kramář
								Czechoslovak National Democracy
2		Vlastimil Tusar (1880–1924)	Czech	8 July 1919	15 September 1920	1 year, 69 days		Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party	Tusar I–II
3		Jan Černý (1874–1959)	Czech	15 September 1920	26 September 1921	1 year, 11 days		Independent	Černý I
4		Edvard Beneš (1884–1948)	Czech	26 September 1921	7 October 1922	1 year, 11 days		Independent	Beneš
5		Antonín Švehla (1873–1933)	Czech	7 October 1922	18 March 1926	3 years, 162 days		Republican Party of Farmers and Peasants	Švehla I–II
(3)		Jan Černý (1874–1959)	Czech	18 March 1926	12 October 1926	208 days		Independent	Černý II
(5)		Antonín Švehla (1873–1933)	Czech	12 October 1926	1 February 1929	2 years, 112 days		Republican Party of Farmers and Peasants	Švehla III
6		František Udržal (1866–1938)	Czech	1 February 1929	24 October 1932	3 years, 266 days		Republican Party of Farmers and Peasants	Udržal I–II
7		Jan Malypetr (1873–1947)	Czech	24 October 1932	5 November 1935	3 years, 12 days		Republican Party of Farmers and Peasants	Malypetr I–II–III
8		Milan Hodža (1878–1944)	Slovak	5 November 1935	22 September 1938	2 years, 321 days		Republican Party of Farmers and Peasants	Hodža I–II–III
Second Czechoslovak Republic (1938–1939)
9		Jan Syrový (1888–1970)	Czech	22 September 1938	1 December 1938	70 days		Independent	Syrový I–II
10		Rudolf Beran (1887–1954)	Czech	1 December 1938	15 March 1939	104 days		Party of National Unity	Beran I
Occupation (1939–1945) Alois Eliáš became Prime Minister of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, a de jure autonomous region incorporated into Nazi Germany. Jan Šrámek became Prime Minister within the Czechoslovak government-in-exile, which was the government of Czechoslovakia recognized by the Allies during World War II. Vojtech Tuka became Prime Minister of the quasi-independent, pro-Nazi and clero-fascist Slovak Republic. Julian Révaý became Prime Minister of the Carpatho-Ukraine few days before invasion and occupation by the Kingdom of Hungary.
Third Czechoslovak Republic (1945–1948)
11		Zdeněk Fierlinger (1891–1976)	Czech	5 April 1945	2 July 1946	1 year, 88 days		Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party	Fierlinger I–II
12		Klement Gottwald (1896–1953)	Czech	2 July 1946	15 June 1948	1 year, 349 days		Communist Party of Czechoslovakia	Gottwald I–II
Communist Era (1948–1989) Czechoslovak Republic (1948–1960), Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1960–1989)
13		Antonín Zápotocký (1884–1957)	Czech	15 June 1948	14 March 1953	4 years, 272 days		Communist Party of Czechoslovakia	Zápotocký/Široký I
14		Viliam Široký (1902–1971)	Slovak	14 March 1953	20 September 1963	10 years, 190 days		Communist Party of Czechoslovakia	Zápotocký/Široký I–II–III
15		Jozef Lenárt (1923–2004)	Slovak	20 September 1963	8 April 1968	4 years, 201 days		Communist Party of Czechoslovakia	Lenárt
16		Oldřich Černík (1921–1994)	Czech	8 April 1968	28 January 1970	1 year, 295 days		Communist Party of Czechoslovakia	Černík I–II–III/Štrougal I
17		Lubomír Štrougal (1924–2023)	Czech	28 January 1970	12 October 1988	18 years, 258 days		Communist Party of Czechoslovakia	Černík III/Štrougal I–II–III–IV–V–VI
18		Ladislav Adamec (1926–2007)	Czech	12 October 1988	10 December 1989	1 year, 59 days		Communist Party of Czechoslovakia	Adamec
Post–Communist Era (1989–1992) Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1989–1990), Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (1990–1992)
19		Marián Čalfa (born 1946)	Slovak	10 December 1989	2 July 1992	2 years, 205 days		Communist Party of Czechoslovakia	Čalfa I–II
								Public Against Violence Civic Democratic Union
20		Jan Stráský (1940–2019)	Czech	2 July 1992	31 December 1992	182 days		Civic Democratic Party	Stráský

Timeline

See also

• List of heads of the Czech state
  • List of Bohemian monarchs
  • Lists of political office-holders in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
  • List of presidents of Czechoslovakia
  • President of the Czech Republic
    • List of presidents of the Czech Republic
  • Prime Minister of the Czech Republic
    • List of prime ministers of the Czech Republic
  • President of Slovakia
  • Prime Minister of Slovakia
• List of Czech presidential pets