Wariapano language

Wariapano
Wariapano
Pano
Native to	Peru
Native speakers	moribund (2013); extinct 1991 (Pano)
Language family	Panoan Mainline Panoan Nawa Chama Wariapano; ; ; ;
Dialects	Shetebo; Piskino; Pano †;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	pno
Glottolog	pano1255
	Panobo is classified as Extinct by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.

Wariapano (Huariapano), also known as Pano, Panavarro, and Pánobo, is a nearly extinct Panoan language of Peru. The language has three dialects; one of them is extinct and the two others are nearly so.

Dialects

There are three attested dialects: Shetebo and Piskino, which are no longer in daily use and are considered obsolescent, and Pano itself, which is extinct.^[2]

Classification

David Fleck (2013) classified Pano as closely related to extinct Sensi and the still-living Shipibo–Konibo language, as part of the Chama subgroup of the Mainline Panoan languages. The Barbudo, Chakaya, Iltipo, Manannawa, Yawabo, and Puinawa languages, though undocumented, were also reportedly close to Pano.^[2] The Wriapano language was reported to be partially intelligible to speakers of Shipibo.^[3]

Geographical distribution

In the late 17th century, the Wariapano lived along the Sarayacu River.^[4]

History

In 1790, the Wariapano, Shetebo, Shipibo, and Konibo were put into missions by Franciscans.^[4] The last known speaker of the Pano dialect died in the spring of 1991.^[3]

Documentation

In 1861, the Franciscan missionaries Frezneda and Francisco de San José are reported to have made a grammar of Shetebo, which was not published. A supposed wordlist of Shetebo was also mentioned. Manuel Navarro presented a list of Pano words .^[5] Günter Tessmann recorded 35 words of Shetebo, along with seven additional terms, as well as over 200 words of Pano proper. Piskino is known solely through 14 words included in a 1993 Shipibo dictionary.^[2]

Phonology

^[3]^[6]^[7]

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar	Alveopalatal	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosive		p	t				k
Affricate			ts	tʃ
Fricative	voiceless		s	ʃ	ʂ			h
Fricative	voiced	β
Nasal		m	n
Flap			ɾ
Approximant		w				j

/β/ fluctuates between a stop and a fricative. /h/ is only distinctive word-initially.

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		ɯ
Mid			o
Open		a

References

↑ Wariapano at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
1 2 3 Fleck, David W. (2013). Panoan languages and linguistics. Anthropological papers of the American Museum of Natural History. New York, NY: American Museum of Natural History. ISBN 978-0-9852016-2-3.
1 2 3 Parker, Steve (April 1994). "Coda Epenthesis in Huariapano". International Journal of American Linguistics. 60 (2): 95–119. doi:10.1086/466224. ISSN 0020-7071.
1 2 de Jesus Gomes, Graziela (2010). Aspectos morfossintaticos da lingua Huariapano (Pano) (PDF) (masters thesis). Universidade Estadual de Campinas.
↑ Navarro, Manuel (1903). Vocabulario Castellano-Quechua-Pano con sus respectivas gramáticas Quechua y Pana. Lima: Imprenta del Estado.
↑ Parker, Steve (January 1998). "On the Phonetic Duration of Huariapano Rhymes". Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session. 42 (1). doi:10.31356/silwp.vol42.04. ISSN 0361-4700.
↑ Bennett, Ryan (December 2013). "The uniqueness of metrical structure: rhythmic phonotactics in Huariapano". Phonology. 30 (3): 355–398. doi:10.1017/S0952675713000195. ISSN 0952-6757.

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[e25-1] Wariapano at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)

[:1-2] 1 2 3 Fleck, David W. (2013). Panoan languages and linguistics. Anthropological papers of the American Museum of Natural History. New York, NY: American Museum of Natural History. ISBN 978-0-9852016-2-3.

[:0-3] 1 2 3 Parker, Steve (April 1994). "Coda Epenthesis in Huariapano". International Journal of American Linguistics. 60 (2): 95–119. doi:10.1086/466224. ISSN 0020-7071.

[:2-4] 1 2 de Jesus Gomes, Graziela (2010). Aspectos morfossintaticos da lingua Huariapano (Pano) (PDF) (masters thesis). Universidade Estadual de Campinas.

[5] Navarro, Manuel (1903). Vocabulario Castellano-Quechua-Pano con sus respectivas gramáticas Quechua y Pana. Lima: Imprenta del Estado.

[6] Parker, Steve (January 1998). "On the Phonetic Duration of Huariapano Rhymes". Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session. 42 (1). doi:10.31356/silwp.vol42.04. ISSN 0361-4700.

[7] Bennett, Ryan (December 2013). "The uniqueness of metrical structure: rhythmic phonotactics in Huariapano". Phonology. 30 (3): 355–398. doi:10.1017/S0952675713000195. ISSN 0952-6757.

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