Wikipedia

2028 United States presidential election

(Redirected from Nationwide opinion polling for the 2028 United States presidential election)

Presidential elections are scheduled to be held in the United States on November 7, 2028, to elect the president and vice president for a term of four years. In the 2024 elections, then-former president Donald Trump won a non-consecutive second term. The Republican Party retained its majority in the House of Representatives and gained control of the Senate. Trump is not eligible to run for re-election in 2028, as the term limits imposed by the 22nd Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibit presidents from being elected more than twice. As a result, it is set to be the first time since 2012 that Trump is not the Republican nominee and the first time since 1884 that two consecutive elections lack an incumbent president on the ballot.

2028 United States presidential election
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November 7, 2028
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538 members of the Electoral College
270 electoral votes needed to win
 
Party Republican Democratic
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2028 electoral map, based on the results of the 2020 census
Incumbent President

Donald Trump
Republican


Background

Donald Trump, the incumbent president, whose non-consecutive second term will expire at noon on January 20, 2029.

The Republican Party returned to power in the United States in January 2025 with a government trifecta—controlling the Senate, House of Representatives, and the presidency—following the 2024 elections. Donald Trump, who was elected president in 2016 before losing a re-election bid in 2020 to Joe Biden, defeated Vice President Kamala Harris, who began her campaign following Biden's withdrawal from his re-election bid. Trump's victory was attributed to a post-pandemic surge in inflation,[a] and a migrant crisis at the US–Mexico border,[b] amidst the global anti-incumbent backlash.[7][8][9] In March 2024, the Supreme Court unanimously ruled in Trump v. Anderson that Trump could seek office after challenges to his ballot eligibility were raised by several state attorneys general.[10]

JD Vance, a U.S. senator from Ohio, was selected as Trump's running mate[11] and subsequently elected vice president.

In addition, Republicans secured control of the Senate, flipping four seats and earning a three-seat majority, while also retaining a House majority, though the party's majority narrowed to three seats after losing two seats.[12]

Electoral system

The president and vice president of the United States are elected through the Electoral College, determined by the number of senators and representatives with an additional three representatives for Washington, D.C. A majority of 270 votes is needed to win the election. 48 states use a winner-take-all system, in which states award all of their electors to the winner of the popular vote. In Maine and Nebraska, two votes are allocated to the winner of the popular vote, while each of the individual congressional districts have one vote. Electoral votes are certified by state electors in December and by Congress on January 6.[13] Presidential candidates are selected in a presidential primary, conducted through primary elections run by state governments or caucuses run by state parties which bind convention delegates to candidates.[14] A brokered convention occurs when a candidate does not receive a majority of votes on the first round of voting,[15] or when a candidate withdraws.[16]

Election Day in the United States is held on the first Tuesday that falls after the first Monday in November.[17] The 2028 presidential election will occur on November 7, 2028.

Eligibility

The United States Constitution limits occupancy of the presidency to individuals who are at least thirty-five, who have been a resident in the United States for at least fourteen years, and who are a natural-born citizen.[18] Section three of the Fourteenth Amendment prevents current and former federal, state, and military officials from holding office—including the presidency—if they have "engaged in insurrection or rebellion" against the United States.[19] A convicted felon may serve as president.[20] Incumbent president Trump, along with former presidents Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama, are ineligible to be elected to a third term, as the Twenty-second Amendment prohibits any person from being elected president more than twice.[21]

Trump's suggestions on running for a third term

Trump meeting Democratic congressional leaders in September 2025, with Trump 2028 hats displayed

Since beginning his second term in January 2025, Trump has floated the possibility of seeking a third term. On October 27, 2025, when asked about a third term by a reporter on Air Force One, Trump said that he would "love to do it". Trump did rule out a run for vice president, stating that it "wouldn't be right". A hypothetical third term would give Trump four additional years as president after 2028, going through the 2032 United States presidential election, and ending on January 20, 2033;[22][23] however, the possibility of a third term is unconstitutional under the Twenty-second Amendment, barring all former and current presidents from seeking more than two terms in office. If Trump intends to have the amendment repealed, he would have to either require approval from two-thirds of both the House of Representatives and the Senate, or he would need a constitutional convention called by two-thirds of state legislatures, a process viewed by experts as extremely unlikely.[24][25]

Electoral map

This map shows how partisan states are by the Cook Partisan Voting Index. Swing states are the states in lighter colors.

Most US states are usually not highly competitive in presidential elections, often voting consistently for the same party due to longstanding demographic and ideological differences. In the Electoral College, this results in major-party candidates primarily focusing their campaigns on swing states, which can swing between parties from election to election. These states are critical for a presidential candidate's path to victory. For 2028, the expected swing states likely include the Rust Belt states of Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, and Michigan, and the Sun Belt states of Arizona, Georgia, Nevada, and North Carolina, all of which narrowly voted for Trump in 2024.[26][27][28] Other possible swing states include traditional Democratic strongholds that shifted toward Trump and were only narrowly won by Harris in 2024: New Jersey[29][30] and Minnesota;[31] though 2025 polls show a reversal of pro-Trump trends.[32]

States formerly considered swing states, such as Florida, Iowa, and Ohio, voted for Trump in all three of his previous election bids, as well as for Republican candidates in other state and federal elections, with increasing margins in each election and are now seen as solidly red states.[33][34][35] Former red or swing states that, since 2008, have consistently voted Democratic include Colorado, New Hampshire, New Mexico, and Virginia.[36] Due to its recent record of voting Democratic even during Republican national victories, Nebraska's 2nd congressional district has been called "the Blue Dot."[37][38]

Republican Party primaries

Candidates

Declared

Candidate Born Experience State Campaign announced Campaign Ref

Dan Greaney

 September 28, 1964
(age 61)
Duxbury, Massachusetts		 Lawyer, television writer California May 26, 2026
FEC filing[39]
Website		 [40]
Dan Greaney

Dan Greaney is a television writer, lawyer, and Harvard University graduate. Greaney is credited with writing the episode of The Simpsons "Bart to the Future" in 2000. The episode presented the possibility of a Donald Trump presidency, which would occur in 2016.[41] On May 26, 2026, Greaney announced his intention to run for president in 2028 on his Instagram account.[42] In a press release, his campaign stated he would run as a "progressive Republican in the tradition of Abraham Lincoln and Teddy Roosevelt," naming universal health care and the Green New Deal as policy planks.[43] He held his official campaign announcement on June 5, 2026.[44]

Formed exploratory committee

Candidate Born Experience State Exploratory committee announced Ref

Gregory Bovino		 March 27, 1970
(age 56)
San Bernardino County, California		 Commander-at-large of U.S. Border Patrol
(2025–2026)		 California June 8, 2026 [45]
Gregory Bovino

Gregory Bovino served as the commander-at-large of the United States Border Patrol from October 2025 until his removal in January 2026. In June 2026, NewsNation and The Daily Beast had reported that Bovino had taken steps towards running in the 2028 election, including forming an exploratory committee.[45][46] He told NewsNation that his campaign was currently exploratory, but would launch a formal campaign "if it all comes together."[45] Following the report, Bovino posted to X that "[if] running for President is what it takes to actually get [mass deportation] done, then all options are on the table".[47] A campaign website created by supporters of Bovino lists policy planks such as reinstating the Department of Government Efficiency and creating a "department of masculinity."[46]

Expressed interest

Ted Cruz

Ted Cruz has served as a United States senator from Texas since 2013 after being appointed as the 3rd Solicitor General of Texas by then Texas Attorney General Greg Abbott, he served this role from 2003 to 2008. Initially reluctant to support Trump, Cruz has become a key Republican figure and a close ally of Trump.[48] Cruz was born in Canada after his father, preacher Rafael Cruz, immigrated there from Cuba, though he is still able to fulfill the natural-born citizen requirement due to his mother's American citizenship which he inherited.[49] He now serves as the chair of the Senate Commerce Committee after serving as the ranking member from 2023 to 2025. The runner-up to Donald Trump in the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries, Cruz has said that he expects to seek the presidency again at some point. In May 2026, Cruz travelled to early primary state Iowa, prompting speculation that he was laying the groundwork for a presidential run.[50][51]

Ron DeSantis

Ron DeSantis has served as the 46th governor of Florida since 2019 and previously ran for the Republican presidential nomination in 2024. He is barred by the state's constitution from seeking a third term as governor. He expressed an openness towards running for president in a March 2026 podcast interview with Sean Hannity.[52] The Florida Phoenix described it as DeSantis "leaving the door open" for a potential run.[53]

John Kennedy

John Kennedy has served as a U.S. senator from Louisiana since 2017. He said in a New Hampshire interview at Politics and Eggs that he planned to run for re-election but he would "never say never" to a possible presidential run.[54] He said in a June 2026 interview at New Hampshire Institute of Politics at St. Anselm's College that he had been contacted by donors about a run for president and that he was open to the idea.[55]

Rand Paul

Rand Paul has served as a U.S. senator from Kentucky since 2011. He previously ran for president in 2016, dropping out after finishing fifth in the 2016 Iowa Republican presidential caucuses.[56] He stated in a December 2025 ABC News interview that he did not view Vice President JD Vance as Trump's "heir apparent."[57] He indicated in a March 2026 interview on CBS News Sunday Morning that he was "considering" a run for president in 2028, saying it was a fifty-fifty chance he would run.[58] Paul stated in a June interview with Semafor that he would "look at" a presidential run after the midterms conclude.[59]

Marco Rubio

Marco Rubio is the United States Secretary of State and served as a U.S. senator from Florida from 2011 to 2025. Rubio sought the Republican nomination for president of the United States in 2016, losing to Donald Trump.[60] Rubio has reportedly acknowledged Vance as the clear front-runner for the nomination, and that he "will do anything he can just to support the vice president in that effort."[61] According to Vanity Fair, Rubio has said that he will not enter the race if JD Vance enters.[62] According to Politico, Rubio is also speculated as the running mate for a possible Vance run, with President Trump repeatedly naming Vance and Rubio as his two most likely successors.[61] Following Rubio's prominent role in the Iran war in March 2026, speculation increased that Rubio would run for president in 2028.[63] President Trump also polled a group of GOP donors at Mar-a-Lago, who overwhelmingly supported Rubio.[64]

JD Vance

JD Vance has served as the 50th vice president of the United States since 2025. He previously served as a U.S. senator from Ohio from 2023 to 2025. In an interview in November 2025, he acknowledged giving consideration to running for president in 2028 and planned to speak with President Trump about it after the midterms, but said he wants to focus on winning the midterms first.[65] In February 2026, Reuters reported that Vance and Rubio had become the central figures in speculation over Trump's possible Republican successor, while noting that Trump had declined to endorse either man.[66] In May 2026, Vance travelled to early primary state Iowa to support representative Zach Nunn, fueling speculation that he was laying groundwork for a presidential run.[67][68]

Speculated by the media

Pete Hegseth

Pete Hegseth has served as Secretary of Defense since January 2025, under President Donald Trump. He previously worked as a television presenter for Fox News and served as a major in the Army National Guard. He has been considered as a potential presidential candidate by The Washington Post,[69] The Daily Beast,[70] and The New York Times.[71]

Sarah Huckabee Sanders

Sarah Huckabee Sanders has served as the governor of Arkansas since 2023 and previously served as the 31st White House Press Secretary in the first Trump administration. She is the daughter of current United States Ambassador to Israel and former Governor of Arkansas Mike Huckabee, who ran in the 2008 and 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries. She has been noted as a possible contender by Axios[72] and The Washington Post.[73][69]

Brian Kemp

Brian Kemp has served as the governor of Georgia since 2019. Kemp, who is retiring in 2027 due to term limits, is widely seen as a leading alternative to Trump within the Republican Party. In May 2025, he announced that he would not run in the 2026 United States Senate election in Georgia, a decision that fueled speculation about a possible presidential campaign in 2028.[74] He has been identified as a potential 2028 presidential candidate by CNN[74] and The Washington Post.[75]

Declined to be candidates

The following individuals have publicly denied interest in being a candidate:

Endorsements

Dan Greaney
Individuals
Pete Hegseth (undeclared)
Executive branch officials
Marco Rubio (undeclared)
Individuals
JD Vance (undeclared)
Individuals
Declined to endorse
Executive branch officials
U.S. representatives

Opinion polling

Democratic Party primaries

Primary schedule

NBC News has reported that multiple DNC members are looking into changing the order of state primaries for the Democratic nomination. Chair of the Nebraska Democratic Party Jane Kleeb stated in November 2024 that "The 2024 calendar will absolutely not be the calendar for 2028."[98] The DNC chose South Carolina to be the first primary in 2024.[99] In December 2024, Ray Buckley, chairman of the New Hampshire Democratic Party, announced his intention to work towards restoring New Hampshire's status as the first-in-the-nation Democratic presidential primary for the 2028 presidential nominating calendar.[100] Democrats in Nevada have started a bid to hold the first-in-the-nation primary in 2028.[101]

In 2023, the Democratic National Committee voted to strip Iowa of its first-in-the-nation presidential caucuses.[102] In November 2024, after the presidential election, Scott Brennan, the only Iowan on the DNC Rules and Bylaws Committee at the time, said he still plans to fight for the return of the first-in-the-nation presidential caucus spot back to Iowa.[103] In June 2025, Iowa's only seat on the DNC's Rules and Bylaws Committee, which determines the order of states in the presidential nominating process, was removed, and New Hampshire was awarded a second seat on the committee.[104]

Ken Martin, the chair of the Democratic National Committee, said in an August 2025 NewsNation interview that the Rules and Bylaws Committee would discuss the 2028 primary calendar in a Minneapolis meeting later in the month.[105]

Martin and other party officials, including Representative Jamie Raskin of Maryland, have discussed the possibility of using ranked-choice voting in the 2028 Democratic presidential primaries. Supporters argue that the system could reduce "wasted votes" and that it would encourage more positive campaigning.[106] Sources such as Alaska Beacon indicated that with plurality voting, which is how most states currently conduct primaries, it is possible to win an election without majority support and that the ranked-choice voting alternative performed much better.[107] After Zohran Mamdani won the 2025 New York City Democratic mayoral primary, progressive voters have proposed that ranked-choice voting could be implemented.[108]

Candidates

Expressed interest

Andy Beshear

Andy Beshear has served as the 63rd governor of Kentucky since 2019. He was also considered a potential running mate for Kamala Harris during the 2024 presidential election.[109] While announcing his new book in February 2026, Beshear again left open the possibility of a presidential run, saying, "While I haven't made any decision about 2028, what I have committed to is not leaving a broken country to my kids or to anybody else's."[110] Beshear stated in a May 2026 interview with Ali Vitali of MS NOW that he would not make a decision on entering the presidential race until his tenure as the head of the Democratic Governors Association concludes.[111] Beshear's frequent travel in 2026 has fueled speculation that he may be laying groundwork for a presidential campaign.[112][113]

Pete Buttigieg

Pete Buttigieg served as the United States Secretary of Transportation from 2021 to 2025. Prior to becoming Secretary of Transportation, he served as mayor of South Bend, Indiana, from 2012 to 2020. Buttigieg was thrust into the national spotlight with his 2020 presidential campaign, where he narrowly won the Iowa caucus and finished a close second in the New Hampshire primary, but ultimately dropped out after a poor performance in South Carolina.[114] Buttigieg was also a contender to be Vice President Kamala Harris' running mate after she secured the Democratic nomination for president. If nominated, Buttigieg would be the first openly LGBT individual to receive the nomination of a major party in the United States.[115]

In February 2026, a University of New Hampshire Granite State Poll found Buttigieg leading the prospective Democratic field in New Hampshire.[116] Asked during a February 2026 visit to New Hampshire whether he would run for president in 2028, Buttigieg replied that it was "a long way from any kind of decision like that."[117] Buttigieg hinted at a 2028 presidential run when speaking with Al Sharpton in April.[118] Buttigieg was shown to be leading polls for the Democratic primary later in May.[119]

Rahm Emanuel

Rahm Emanuel most recently served as United States ambassador to Japan from 2022 to 2025. He represented Illinois in the United States House of Representatives for three terms from 2003 to 2009. He was the White House Chief of Staff from 2009 to 2010 under President Barack Obama and served as mayor of Chicago from 2011 to 2019. Emanuel ran a bike tour in early primary state New Hampshire in June 2026, fueling speculation of a presidential run.[120][121]

Ruben Gallego

Ruben Gallego has served as a U.S. senator from Arizona since 2025. He has been mentioned as a potential candidate by The Hill,[122] Politico,[123] and The New York Times.[124] Gallego stated in an April 2026 interview that he would "have to look at it," referring to a potential run for president.[125]

Kamala Harris

Kamala Harris served as the 49th (and first female) vice president of the United States from 2021 to 2025. She became the party's nominee for president in the 2024 presidential election after President Joe Biden withdrew from the race, losing to Trump.[126] Following the 2024 presidential election, Harris considered running for governor of California in 2026,[127] but in July 2025 she opted not to, a decision that left open the possibility of another presidential bid.[128] In a Chicago stop of her 107 Days book tour, Harris expressed uncertainty about running again.[129] In an interview with the Associated Press that month, Harris said of a possible 2028 run, "I haven't decided. Sincerely. I have not decided. I may or I may not. I have not decided," while also saying, "I am a leader of the party."[130] She later spoke with Laura Kuenssberg in an October 2025 interview on BBC News about potentially running for president again, stating "I am not done".[131] In November 2025, Morning Consult reported that Harris remained atop its hypothetical Democratic primary field.[132] In February 2026, polls suggested that Harris would win the election in a rematch with President Donald Trump.[133][134] She remarked in a podcast interview with Sharon McMahon that same month that she had not decided on running again for president in 2028.[135]

Mark Kelly

Mark Kelly has served as a U.S. senator from Arizona since 2020. He was previously on the shortlist to be the vice presidential nominee for the 2024 election, and was seen as a potential replacement for President Joe Biden before he withdrew from the race.[136] During a January 2026 interview with Aaron Parnas, Kelly confirmed he was considering a run for president.[137] He reiterated that he was considering a presidential run in an interview with CNN several weeks later,[138] again in a BBC interview in February,[139] and once again in April at a conference in Washington DC.[140]

Ro Khanna

Ro Khanna has served as the U.S. representative for California's 17th congressional district since 2017. A progressive aligned with the Bernie Sanders wing of the Democratic Party, he was a co-chair of Sanders's 2020 presidential campaign.[141] Khanna gave his clearest public indication of possible interest in March 2026, when, during an interview with WMUR-TV while visiting New Hampshire, he said of a possible presidential bid, "We'll look at that after the midterm," and added that he would decide "whether I'm a candidate or not" after the midterm.[142] Khanna "teased a presidential run during a conversation with ... Al Sharpton" in early April 2026.[143] In June 2026, Politico reported that former White House Chief of Staff Ron Klain has been advising Khanna "as he prepares for a possible 2028 presidential bid."[144]

Mitch Landrieu

Mitch Landrieu most recently served as senior advisor to the president for infrastructure investment and jobs from 2021 to 2024. He previously served as mayor of New Orleans from 2010 to 2018 and lieutenant governor of Louisiana from 2004 to 2010. In an interview with CNN, Landrieu expressed possible interest in a presidential campaign, stating "Whether I'm the president or one of a hundred of my best friends are president, I am at a point in my life where I really feel like the future of the country is at stake. And so, people say, 'What, are you going to run for president?' Maybe."[145] Randal Gaines, the chair of the Louisiana Democratic Party, spoke to Landrieu about running for the 2026 United States Senate election in Louisiana, though Landrieu was more interested in "a run for president."[146]

Don Lemon

Don Lemon most recently worked as a television news anchor for CNN from 2006 to 2023. He previously served as a correspondent and host on several CNN programs, including Don Lemon Tonight. Following his departure from CNN, Lemon launched independent media projects and public commentary programs, such as The Don Lemon Show. On May 6, 2026, during the Sir Harry Evans Investigative Journalism Summit, Lemon revealed his ambitions towards a potential candidacy, expressing that he was "seriously considering" a presidential run.[147] A fierce critic of Donald Trump, Lemon stated in an interview with journalist Kara Swisher that he could "definitely run the country a lot better than Donald Trump."[148] A registered independent, Lemon stated that if he were to run for president, he would register as a Democrat.[149]

Gavin Newsom

Gavin Newsom has served as the 40th governor of California since 2019. Newsom has been widely viewed as a contender for the 2028 presidential election by outlets including the Associated Press.[150] He was seen as a potential replacement for Biden after his withdrawal from the 2024 election by The New York Times.[151] According to The New York Times, Newsom was considering a bid for the presidency by September 2023.[152] After Newsom's response to the June 2025 Los Angeles protests, it was reported that his chances of being the 2028 Democratic nominee increased significantly.[153][154] When asked about running for president in February 2026, he stated "It's wildly premature."[155] Later that month, Newsom told The Guardian, "If someone else doesn't have that fire, that sense of purpose and mission, then, yeah, I could see myself stepping into that void."[156]

Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez

Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez has served as the representative of New York's 14th congressional district since 2019. Politico noted that Ocasio-Cortez "has a prominent following from younger, diverse people".[157] Axios noted in April 2025 that Ocasio-Cortez has been "surging in early polling of potential 2028 presidential candidates".[158] Vanity Fair has reported that Ocasio-Cortez is reluctant to launch a presidential campaign and also noted that some have called for her to primary Chuck Schumer in the 2028 New York Senate elections.[159] In September 2025, Axios reported that Ocasio-Cortez was positioning to run for president or Senate in 2028.[160] The Hill conducted a poll on December 8, 2025, where Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez led among young voters.[161] According to other polls by The Guardian, Ocasio-Cortez is one of the top contenders beside Harris and Newsom.[162] In December, Ocasio-Cortez responded to a poll that showed she led Vance by tweeting "Bloop!"[163] She has drawn contrasts between herself and Vance on various issues as of January 2026.[164] In 2026, Ocasio-Cortez attended the Munich Security Conference, which increased her visibility as a leader for Democrats.[165] Ocasio-Cortez has been seen as the far-left option for Democrats, and has attempted to make amends with leftist critics, including by pledging not to support defensive aid to Israel at a forum of the New York City chapter of the Democratic Socialists of America.[166][167] She spoke about a possible 2028 presidential run while being interviewed by David Axelrod in May 2026.[168][169]

Elissa Slotkin

Elissa Slotkin has served as a U.S. senator from Michigan since 2025. She indicated that she was considering a 2028 presidential run in an April 2026 interview with the Associated Press,[170] and in an interview with The Des Moines Register that same month.[171]

Chris Van Hollen

Chris Van Hollen has served as a U.S. senator from Maryland since 2017. In a podcast interview with NOTUS after visiting Iowa and New Hampshire in June 2026, Van Hollen said that he was "kicking the tires" on a 2028 presidential run.[172][173]

Gretchen Whitmer

Gretchen Whitmer has served as the 49th governor of Michigan since 2019. Whitmer cast doubt in early October 2025 on a 2028 presidential bid.[174] That same month, she stated that she would not "close the door" on a run for president.[175] She remarked in April 2026 that she was unsure of whether she would run.[176]

She appeared to decline a run in May 2026 at the Mackinac Policy Conference and "backtracked" the same day,[177] saying "never say never."[178]

Speculated by the media

Hunter Biden

Hunter Biden is a businessman, disbarred attorney, and son of former President Joe Biden. Biden was convicted on federal gun and tax charges in 2024, but was pardoned by his father in December of that year.[179] In June 2026, Biden said on X, "Let's take another crack with a Biden," which has been interpreted as an aspiration for higher office.[180] The idea was entertained by President Donald Trump, who said that Biden could have a shot at winning the Democratic nomination if candidates like Graham Platner could be supported by the Democratic Party.[181] On June 11, Biden joked on Gavin Newsom's podcast that he'd run, but only as Newsom's vice president.[182][better source needed]

Chris Murphy

Chris Murphy is the junior United States Senator from Connecticut. Since the 2024 United States presidential election, Murphy has emerged as a prominent critic of Donald Trump and his agenda. He has delivered many condemnations of Trump on social media platforms, achieving more than 200,000 subscribers and receiving 42 million views on his YouTube channel.[183] He has also focused on and expressed alarm over what he called "the erosion of American democracy and government corruption in the second Trump administration".[184] Media outlets, including The New York Times[185] and NBC News,[186] have listed Murphy as a possible presidential candidate in 2028.

JB Pritzker

JB Pritzker has served as the 43rd governor of Illinois since 2019. Pritzker is one of the wealthiest elected officials in America, with an estimated net worth of $3.7 billion,[187] and has largely bankrolled his own gubernatorial campaigns, as well as national abortion-rights initiatives.[188][189] Pritzker was considered a potential running mate to Kamala Harris in the 2024 presidential election.[190] Pritzker is a potential Democratic contender, according to The New York Times,[124] and The Hill,[191] and has declined to rule out a run.[192][193] In 2023, Pritzker declined to speak directly with Representative Dean Phillips regarding his effort to try to convince him to enter the Democratic Party presidential primary race to oppose Biden.[194][195] Pritzker is also seeking a third term as governor of Illinois in 2026.[196]

Josh Shapiro

Josh Shapiro has served as the 48th governor of Pennsylvania since 2023. Shapiro was elected in 2022 by 15 points in a state won by Donald Trump twice and is relatively popular in his home state.[197] He has been viewed as a potential Democratic presidential candidate by MS NOW in May 2026[198] and by ABC27 that same month.[199]

Jon Stewart

Jon Stewart is an activist, comedian, and commentator. Stewart had been the subject of speculation for years as a potential presidential candidate, including in a Politico opinion piece by Juleanna Glover where Stewart was described as a potentially formidable anti-establishment outsider 2024 Democratic candidate in the event that Biden did not run.[200] Since then, Stewart has been mentioned as a potential 2028 Democratic candidate by Current Affairs in early 2026.[201] In a late July 2025 interview with Mehdi Hasan, Stewart stated that "the Democratic Party is ripe for a takeover ... they just need to find the right reality host," and was pressed by Hasan on a potential 2028 Democratic presidential run, to which Hasan recalled that Stewart "didn't deny that was what he was suggesting."[202] Stewart has been included in multiple 2028 national primary polls by Echelon Insights from September to November 2025.[f] In a December 2025 interview with Tim Miller of The Bulwark, Stewart mentioned that Robert F. Kennedy Jr. could be a strong Republican nominee in 2028. Miller responded by suggesting a potential election face-off between Kennedy and Stewart, to which Stewart did not offer comment.[206] Race to the White House includes Stewart at 2% in its national presidential polling average for the Democratic primaries as of March 2026.[207] Stewart later addressed the idea of running for president directly in January 2026, stating that he believed appeals were coming out of a feeling of "helplessness."[208][209]

Raphael Warnock

Raphael Warnock has served as a U.S. senator from Georgia since 2021. He has been referred to as a potential candidate by Katie Couric Media[210] and Politico.[211]

Declined to be candidates

The following individuals have publicly denied interest in being a candidate:

Endorsements

Andy Beshear (undeclared)
Individuals
Gavin Newsom (undeclared)
Individuals
JB Pritzker (undeclared)
Individuals
Stephen A. Smith (declined)
U.S. senators
Individuals
  • Bill Maher, television host, comedian, actor, and political commentator (Independent)[235]

Opinion polling

Third-party and independent candidates

Candidates

Formed exploratory committee

Candidate Born Experience State Party Exploratory committee announced Website Ref

Jo Jorgensen		 May 1, 1957
(age 69)
Libertyville, Illinois		 2020 Libertarian presidential nominee South Carolina Libertarian May 28, 2026 VoteJo28.com [238]
Jo Jorgensen

Jo Jorgensen is an academic and political activist who was the Libertarian Party's presidential nominee in the 2020 election. In May 2026, Jorgensen announced the formation of an exploratory committee to weigh a potential run for the 2028 Libertarian presidential nomination.[238][239]

Expressed interest

Afroman

Afroman is a rapper, singer and musician who ran as an independent presidential candidate in 2024. In an April 2026 interview with Reason magazine, he hinted at a possible run for the Libertarian Party's 2028 presidential nomination.[240][241]

Andrew Yang

Andrew Yang is a businessman and political activist who sought the Democratic presidential nomination in 2020.[242] He later founded the Forward Party.[243] In early 2026, excerpts from his forthcoming book reported by The Independent and The Times quoted Yang as saying that “the odds of my running again are high,” signaling potential interest in a 2028 presidential bid, likely under the Forward Party banner.[244][245]

Declined to be candidates

The following individuals have publicly denied interest in being a candidate:

Endorsements

Tucker Carlson (declined)
U.S. representatives
Individuals
Robert F. Kennedy Jr. (declined)
Individuals

Timeline

Opinion polling

General election

Nationwide

JD Vance vs. Kamala Harris
Poll source Date(s)
administered		 Sample
size[k]		 JD Vance
(R)		 Kamala Harris
(D)		 Undecided
TPSI May 21, 2026 893 (LV) 39% 47% 14%
Zogby January 1–7, 2026 891 (LV) 42.1% 48.5% 9.4%
Morning Consult November 14–16, 2025 2,201 (RV) 42% 43% 15%
Overton Insights June 23–26, 2025 1,200 (RV) 42% 45% 12%
January 20, 2025 Second inauguration of Donald Trump
On Point/SoCal Strategies December 23, 2024 656 (A) 41% 43% 16%
American Pulse Research & Polling December 17–20, 2024 661 (LV) 46% 47% 7%
JD Vance vs. Gavin Newsom
Poll source Date(s)
administered		 Sample
size[k]		 JD Vance
(R)		 Gavin Newsom
(D)		 Undecided
Overton Insights May 16–20, 2026 1,377 (V) 39% 44% 9%
UMass Lowell March 26–30, 2026 1000 (RV)[l] 36% 33% 12%
Zogby January 1–7, 2026 891 (LV) 44.6% 41% 14.3%
The Argument/Verasight November 10–17, 2025 1,508 (RV) 46.4% 53.6% –
Morning Consult November 14–16, 2025 2,201 (RV) 42% 41% 17%
Overton Insights October 27–29, 2025 1,200 (RV) 43% 46% 11%
YouGov October 16–20, 2025 1,000 (A) 32% 36% 32%
Echelon Insights October 16–20, 2025 1,010 (LV) 46% 47% 7%
Emerson College October 13–14, 2025 1,000 (RV) 45.5% 44.9% 9.6%
Leger360 August 29–31, 2025 849 (A) 46% 47% 7%
YouGov/Yahoo August 29 – September 2, 2025 1,690 (A) 41% 49% 10%
Emerson College August 25–26, 2025 1,000 (RV) 44.4% 43.5% 12.1%
On Point/SoCal Strategies August 18, 2025 700 (A) 37% 39% 23%
Emerson College July 21–22, 2025 1,400 (RV) 45.3% 42.1% 12.6%
January 20, 2025 Second inauguration of Donald Trump
On Point/SoCal Strategies December 23, 2024 656 (A) 37% 34% 29%
JD Vance vs. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez
Poll source Date(s)
administered		 Sample
size[k]		 JD Vance
(R)		 Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez
(D)		 Undecided
UMass Lowell March 26–30, 2026 1000 (RV)[m] 36% 33% 13%
Focaldata March 6–10, 2026 1,782 (A) 40% 43% 18%
The Argument/Verasight December 5–11, 2025 1,521 (RV) 49% 51% –
YouGov October 16–20, 2025 1,000 (A) 34% 34% 32%
Emerson College July 21–22, 2025 1,400 (RV) 44.4% 41.0% 14.6%
JD Vance vs. Josh Shapiro
Poll source Date(s)
administered		 Sample
size[k]		 JD Vance
(R)		 Josh Shapiro
(D)		 Undecided
On Point/SoCal Strategies December 23, 2024 656 (A) 37% 34% 29%
JD Vance vs. Stephen A. Smith
Poll source Date(s)
administered		 Sample
size[k]		 JD Vance
(R)		 Stephen A. Smith
(D)		 Undecided
On Point/SoCal Strategies August 18, 2025 700 (A) 37% 35% 28%
JD Vance vs. Gretchen Whitmer
Poll source Date(s)
administered		 Sample
size[k]		 JD Vance
(R)		 Gretchen Whitmer
(D)		 Undecided
On Point/SoCal Strategies December 23, 2024 656 (A) 40% 33% 26%
JD Vance vs. Pete Buttigieg
Poll source Date(s)
administered		 Sample
size[k]		 JD Vance
(R)		 Pete Buttigieg
(D)		 Undecided
On Point/SoCal Strategies August 18, 2025 700 (A) 37% 41% 21%
Emerson College July 21–22, 2025 1,400 (RV) 43.9% 43.1% 13.0%
Marco Rubio vs. Kamala Harris
Poll source Date(s)
administered		 Sample
size[k]		 Marco Rubio
(R)		 Kamala Harris
(D)		 Undecided
Morning Consult November 14–16, 2025 2,201 (RV) 40% 42% 18%
Marco Rubio vs. Gavin Newsom
Poll source Date(s)
administered		 Sample
size[k]		 Marco Rubio
(R)		 Gavin Newsom
(D)		 Undecided
Morning Consult November 14–16, 2025 2,201 (RV) 39% 41% 20%
Leger360 August 29–31, 2025 849 (A) 44% 49% 7%

Notes

  1. ↑ Attributed to multiple sources:[1][2][3]
  2. ↑ Attributed to multiple sources:[4][5][6]
  3. ↑ Individuals listed below have, as of June 2026, personally expressed an interest in seeking the 2028 Republican Party presidential nomination in at least two reliable media sources in the last six months.
  4. 1 2 Individuals listed below have, as of June 2026, been mentioned as potential 2028 presidential candidates in at least two reliable media sources in the last six months.
  5. ↑ Individuals listed below have, as of June 2026, personally expressed an interest in seeking the 2028 Democratic Party presidential nomination in at least two reliable media sources in the last six months.
  6. ↑ Sources:[203][204][205]
  7. ↑ Sanders is an independent, but he caucuses with the Democratic Party.
  8. ↑ Smith is a registered independent, but he has been polled amongst potential Democratic candidates and had expressed interest in running for president as a Democrat.[226]
  9. ↑ Individuals listed below have, as of June 2026, personally expressed an interest in running for president in 2028 in at least two reliable media sources in the last six months.
  10. ↑ Sinema was a registered Democrat until 2022, at which point she changed her registration to independent, and continued to caucus with the Senate Democrats.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Key:
    A – all adults
    RV – registered voters
    LV – likely voters
    V – unclear
  12. ↑ Another candidate 2%, Not vote 17%
  13. ↑ Another candidate 2%, Not vote 16%

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  231. ↑ Kelly, Erin. "Kentucky Gov. Andy Beshear making stops in South Carolina". Spectrum News. Retrieved February 18, 2026. On the podcast Beshear started this year, he got an early endorsement from former University of Louisville quarterback and current New Orleans Saint Tyler Shough, during a conversation with recurring guest Jon Rabinowitz.
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  234. ↑ "Joe Manchin Exposes The Chaos Inside Biden's White House". All-in Podcast. October 23, 2025. Retrieved April 16, 2026.
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  236. ↑ Fields, Ashleigh (August 5, 2025). "Charlamagne tha God floats Jon Stewart for 2028 bid". The Hill. Retrieved January 5, 2026.
  237. ↑ @ProgressiveVic (January 21, 2026). "Major Announcement: Progressive Victory is endorsing @jonstewart for 2028!" (Tweet). Retrieved January 24, 2026 – via X (formerly Twitter).
  238. 1 2 Winger, Richard (May 28, 2026). "Jo Jorgensen Will Form an Exploratory Committee to Ponder 2028 Presidential Run". Ballot Access News. Retrieved May 28, 2026.
  239. ↑ Folks, Will (May 28, 2026). "Jo Jorgensen: South Carolina Libertarian Eyes 2028 Presidential Bid". Fits News. Retrieved May 29, 2026.
  240. ↑ "Afroman hints at presidential run after Adams County court win". WKEF. April 20, 2026. Retrieved April 23, 2026.
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  242. ↑ Burns, Alexander (February 11, 2020). "Andrew Yang Ends Democratic Presidential Campaign". The New York Times. Retrieved February 15, 2026.
  243. ↑ Burns, Alexander (October 5, 2021). "Andrew Yang Starts a Third Party, Seeking to Upend the Political System". The New York Times. Retrieved February 15, 2026.
  244. ↑ Cockburn, Harry (January 29, 2026). "Andrew Yang says he was blacklisted by Kamala Harris campaign". The Independent. Retrieved February 15, 2026.
  245. ↑ Barker, Evan (January 28, 2026). "Andrew Yang says Democrats have 'nothing left' as he weighs 2028 bid". The Times. Retrieved February 17, 2026.
  246. ↑ Barshad, Amos. "The Interview: Tucker Carlson on pitying Donald Trump, never listening to podcasts, and planning a new political party—while selling you nicotine pouches". Columbia Journalism Review. Retrieved July 2, 2026. I don't want to be a candidate.
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  249. ↑ Soave, Robby (October 21, 2025). "Jack Dorsey backs GOP Rep. Thomas Massie for president". The Hill.
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  252. ↑ Kile, Meredith (June 23, 2026). "Marjorie Taylor Greene and Tucker Carlson Declare They're 'Done' with the Republican Party: 'It's Immoral'". People. Retrieved July 9, 2026.
  253. ↑ Armour, Stephanie; Seitz, Amanda (May 15, 2026). "Kennedy, balancing MAHA and White House, says he won't run for president in 2028". CBS News. Retrieved May 15, 2026.
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  255. ↑ Henderson, Cameron (July 16, 2025). "Russell Brand joins RFK Jr at 'presidential run' fundraising event". Retrieved February 24, 2026.
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