Wikipedia

National Cyber and Crypto Agency

(Redirected from National Cyber And Crypto Agency)

The National Cyber and Crypto Agency (Indonesian: Badan Siber dan Sandi Negara, lit. 'State Cyber and Signal Agency', abbreviated as BSSN), is Indonesia's primary signal intelligence agency, and also has responsibility for cyber intelligence, cyber threat intelligence, cyber defense, and cyber security.

National Cyber and Crypto Agency
Badan Siber dan Sandi Negara
Seal of the National Cyber and Crypto Agency
Flag of the National Cyber and Crypto Agency
Agency overview
Formed
  • 4 April 1946; 80 years ago (1946-04-04) (as National Crypto Agency)
  • 8 April 2014; 12 years ago (2014-04-08) (as Cyber Information Defense and Security Desk)
  • 19 May 2017; 9 years ago (2017-05-19) (as National Cyber and Crypto Agency)
Preceding agencies
JurisdictionIndonesia
Agency executives
  • Lieutenant General TNI (Ret) Nugroho Sulistyo Budi, Chief
  • Police Inspector General Rachmad Wibowo, Vice Chief
Websitewww.bssn.go.id

The BSSN was formed from two preceding agencies, the National Crypto Agency (Lembaga Sandi Negara, lit. 'State Signal Agency', abbreviated as Lemsaneg), and the Cyber Information Defense and Security Desk (Desk Ketahanan dan Keamanan Informasi Cyber Nasional, abbreviated as DK2ICN).[1]

History of the preceding agencies

edit

Lembaga Sandi Negara (Lemsaneg)

edit

Lemsaneg was Indonesia's original primary signal intelligence agency, founded by Lieutenant Colonel (later Major General) Dr. Roebiono Kertopati [id]. Dr Kertopati was a medical doctor assigned to Section B of the Ministry of Defense, Indonesia's intelligence department during the Indonesian National Revolution, and was mainly responsible for strategic intelligence analyses. However, the Minister of Defence at that time, Amir Sjarifuddin, tasked him with building a signal intelligence unit, resulting in Code Service (Dinas Code) being founded on 4 April 1946.

As a medical doctor, Dr Kertopati had no background or formal training in either general intelligence or signal intelligence. However, he completed various crash courses in these pursuits and in 1949, during the Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference period, he completed a signal intelligence course with the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs and developed various cryptography methods. These methods proved useful in making the transmission of encrypted messages and government communications secure during both war and peacetime.[2]

On 2 September 1949, via Ministry of Defense Decree Number (No.) 11/MP/1949, the Code Service was renamed the Crypto Bureau (Djawatan Sandi in the old spelling; Jawatan Sandi in the new spelling), and placed under the Ministry of Defense. On 16 January 1950, via Presidential Decree No. 65/1950, the Crypto Bureau separated from the Ministry of Defense to come directly under the Office of The Prime Minister of Indonesia.[3]

On 22 February 1972, via Presidential Decree No. 7/1972, the Crypto Bureau was renamed the National Crypto Agency (Lembaga Sandi Negara, abbreviated as Lemsaneg),[4] with the name continuing to be used until 2017.

Desk Ketahanan dan Keamanan Informasi Cyber Nasional (DK2ICN)

edit

DK2ICN was created via CMPLSA Decree No. 24/2014 as a coordinating desk under the 7th Deputy (Coordination of Communication, Information, and Apparatuses) of the Coordinating Ministry for Political, Legal, and Security Affairs (CMPLSA).[5] It was later renamed in 2016 as the National Cyberspace Desk (Desk Cyberspace Nasional, abbreviated as DCN) under the Coordinating Ministry for Political, Legal, and Security Affairs. As a coordinating desk, DK2ICN's members included representatives from the CMPLSA; the Agency of Assessment and Application of Technology [id] (abbreviated as BPPT); the Indonesian Telematic Society (Masyarakat Telematika Indonesia, abbreviated as Mastel); Association of Indonesia Internet Providers (Asosiasi Penyedia Jasa Internet Indonesia, abbreviated as APJII); Indonesian Internet Domain Name Registry (Pengelola Nama Domain Internet Indonesia, abbreviated as PANDI); and other independents.

The predecessor of DK2ICN had been the National Cyber Security Desk (Desk Keamanan Siber Nasional, abbreviated as DKSN), formed under the National Security Council (Dewan Ketahanan Nasional, abbreviated as Wantannas) in 2013. Along with the decree establishing DK2ICN, a future National Cyber Agency to be under Wantannas (Badan Cyber Nasional, abbreviated as BCN) was also proposed. But until this new agency was formed, DK2ICN was still responsible for cyber defence and cyber intelligence.[6] However, President Joko Widodo seemed displeased with the BCN proposal, believing that it lacked the important elements of infrastructure and human resources. Instead of forming a new agency, he chose to upgrade Lemsaneg with its pre-existing infrastructure and readily available human resources, subsequently combined Lemsaneg with DK2ICN to form the new agency, BSSN.[7] [8]

The formation of BSSN

edit

Prior to BSSN's formation, state cyber activities had been carried out by all of the Military Intelligence Agency's Cyber Operations Unit; the national police force (Directorate of Cyber Crime of the Criminal Investigation Agency); the State Intelligence Agency (Deputy VI); the Coordinating Ministry for Political, Legal, and Security Affairs (7th Deputy); the Ministry of Defense (Cyber Defense Center); the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (Directorate of Informatics Application Control, Directorate of Information Security, and ID-SIRTII/CC); the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Directorate of Diplomatic Security of General Directorate Public Information and Diplomatics); and each ministry's Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT). Each agency had its own interests and functions, but in addition to protecting their own cyber infrastructure they all contributed to more general security matters.[9]

Previous BSSN logo

Presidential Decree No. 53/2017, the constituting document of BSSN, was signed by President Widodo on 19 May 2017. The decree also ordered that the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology's Directorate of Information Security, and ID-SIRTII/CC both be handed to BSSN to provide BSSN with access to state IT infrastructure security and state network protection. However, the decree stipulated that the BSSN become temporarily subordinate to the Coordinating Ministry for Political, Legal, and Security Affairs for coordinating purposes.[10] On 16 December 2017, Widodo signed Presidential Decree No.133/2017, which took the BSSN out of the Coordinating Ministry for Political, Legal, and Security Affairs so as to be directly under the President.[11]

Organizational structure

edit

The organizational structure of BSSN was established through Presidential Decree No. 28/2021,[12] with the structure later expanded by Chief of BSSN Decree No. 4/2023,[13] 6/2024, and 1/2025. The current structure is as follows.

  1. Office of the Chief of BSSN
  2. Office of the Vice Chief of BSSN
  3. Main Secretariat
    1. Bureau of Planning and Finance
    2. Bureau of Organization and Human Resource
    3. Bureau of Law Affairs and Public Communication
      • Division of Strategic Support and Central Leadership Administration
        1. Subdivision of Administration of the Office of the Chief of BSSN
        2. Subdivision of Administration of the Office of the Vice Chief of BSSN
        3. Subdivision of Administration of the Office of Main Secretariat of BSSN
        4. Subdivision of Administration of the Office of Deputy I
        5. Subdivision of Administration of the Office of Deputy II
        6. Subdivision of Administration of the Office of Deputy III
        7. Subdivision of Administration of the Office of Deputy IV
    4. Bureau of General Affairs
      • Household and State Property Section
        1. Subdivision of Household Affairs and Security
      • Goods/Services Procurement Section
  4. Deputy for Strategy and Policy of Cyber Security and Crypto (Deputy I)
    1. Directorate of Cyber Security and Crypto Strategy
    2. Directorate of Cyber Security and Crypto Policies on Government Affairs
    3. Directorate of Cyber Security and Crypto Policies on Technological Affairs
    4. Directorate of Cyber Security and Crypto Policies on Human Resource Affairs
  5. Deputy for Cyber Security and Crypto Operations (Deputy II)
    1. Directorate of Cyber Security Operations
    2. Directorate of Information Security and Control Operations
    3. Directorate of Crypto
  6. Deputy for Government Cyber Security and Crypto and Human Resource Development (Deputy III)
    1. Directorate of Central Government Affairs on Cyber Security and Crypto
    2. Directorate of Regional Governments Affairs on Cyber Security and Crypto
    3. Directorate of Cyber Security and Crypto Human Resource Development
  7. Deputy of Cyber Security and Signal Intelligence in Economy (Deputy IV)
    1. Directorate of Cyber Security and Crypto for Finance, Trading, and Tourism Affairs
    2. Directorate of Cyber Security and Crypto for Energy and Natural Resources Affairs
    3. Directorate of Cyber Security and Crypto for Information Technology, Communication, Media, and Transportation Affairs
    4. Directorate of Cyber Security and Crypto for Industrial Affairs
  8. Office of Inspectorate General
  9. Centers[13]
    1. Center of Cyber Technologies and Crypto Technologies Certification
    2. Center of Data, Information Technology, and Communication
    3. Center of Human Resource Development
  10. Technical Units
    1. Electronic Certification Institute, Jakarta
    2. Batam Signal Detection Center, Batam
    3. Crypto Museum, Yogyakarta
    4. Digital Identity Hub Center, Jakarta

Training

edit

During the Indonesian National Revolution, the Dinas Code had held internships for those interested in being signal intelligence operators. During its formation period in the peacetime of the 1950s and 1960s, Djawatan Sandi relied on a special training program called Pendidikan Sandiman dan Juru Sandi (Education of Signal Operators and Signal Experts). In 1969 the program was elevated into Pendidikan Ahli Sandi Gaya Baru (New Style Signal Expert Education), and further upgraded and resourced in 1973 to become a school under the name AKSARA (Akademi Sandi Negara, State Signal Academy). The school was formally established in 1974, gaining approval from the Department of Education and Culture in 1975. AKSARA subsequently became STSN (Sekolah Tinggi Sandi Negara) in 2002, and was formally established as an official state school by Presidential Decree No. 22/2003.[14]

Since the BSSN was developed from Lemsaneg, it inherited Lemsaneg's primary training facility STSN, which in 2019 became PoltekSSN (State Signal Polytechnics), after the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education Decree No. 03/M/I/2018 upgrading STSN to Polytechnics. This was later approved through Ministry of State Apparatuses and Bureaucratic Reform Decree No. B/1007/M.KT.01/2019, and Chief of BSSN Decree No. 12/2019.[14]

Aside from PoltekSSN's rigorous training of future BSSN members, BSSN also held less rigorous training for field and applied operators from another institutions in a program called Diklat Sandiman (Signal Operators Short courses), available in both Level II (Signal Operators) and Level I (Signal Expert).[15]

References

edit
  1. ↑ Badan Siber dan Sandi Negara. "Presidential Regulation of The Republic of Indonesia Number 133 Year 2017 Concerning Amendment To Presidential Regulation Number 53 Year 2017 Concerning National Cyber And Crypto Agency". JDIH Badan Siber dan Sandi Negara. Archived from the original on 18 March 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
  2. ↑ Persadha, Pratama Dahlian; Kristian, Rieko (2015). Kode Untuk Republik: Peran Sandi Negara di Perang Kemerdekaan (in Indonesian). Jakarta: PT. Marawa Tiga Warna. ISBN 978-602-72773-0-4. OCLC 937390013.
  3. ↑ Presiden Republik Indonesia Serikat (14 February 1950). "Keputusan Presiden Republik Indonesia Serikat No. 65/1950 tentang Pemindahan Djawatan Sandi dari Kementerian Pertahanan dan Ditempatkan Langsung di bawah Perdana Menteri" (PDF). ANRI National Archives Information System. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  4. ↑ Sekretariat Kabinet Republik Indonesia (22 February 1972). "Keputusan Presiden No. 7/1972 tentang Organisasi Lembaga Sandi Negara" (PDF). JDIH Sekretariat Kabinet Republik Indonesia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 April 2021. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  5. ↑ Kementerian Koordinator Politik, Hukum, dan Keamanan (8 April 2014). "Keputusan Menteri Koordinator Politik, Hukum, dan Keamanan No. 24/2014 tentang Desk Ketahanan dan Keamanan Informasi Cyber Nasional" (PDF). Unit Pelayanan Publik Kementerian Koordinator Politik, Hukum, dan Keamanan. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 April 2021. Retrieved 29 April 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ↑ Maharani, Esthi (6 September 2015). "Badan Cyber Nasional tak Akan Terikat Kelompok Manapun". Republika Online (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 7 January 2025. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  7. ↑ KOMINFO, PDSI. "Pembentukan BSSN dan Ancaman Siber". Website Resmi Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika RI. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  8. ↑ Dewan Ketahanan Nasional (25 January 2017). "Melindungi Infrastruktur Kritis Nasional dari Serangan Cyber: Perspektif Kebijakan Ketahanan Nasional". Dewan Ketahanan Nasional (in Indonesian). Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  9. ↑ KOMINFO, PDSI (3 October 2017). "Wiranto Nilai Tugas BSSN Tidak Tumpang Tindih dengan Badan Siber Lain". Website Resmi Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika RI. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  10. ↑ Sekretariat Kabinet Republik Indonesia (19 May 2017). "Peraturan Presiden No. 53/2017 tentang Badan Siber dan Sandi Negara" (PDF). JDIH Sekretariat Kabinet Republik Indonesia (in Indonesian). Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  11. ↑ Sekretariat Kabinet Republik Indonesia (16 December 2017). "Peraturan Presiden No. 133/2017 tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Presiden No. 53/2017 tentang Badan Siber dan Sandi Negara" (PDF). JDIH Sekretariat Kabinet Republik Indonesia (in Indonesian). Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  12. ↑ Sekretariat Kabinet Republik Indonesia (13 April 2021). "Peraturan Presiden No. 28/2021 tentang Badan Siber dan Sandi Negara" (PDF). JDIH Sekretariat Kabinet Republik Indonesia (in Indonesian). Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  13. 1 2 Badan Siber dan Sandi Negara (11 July 2023). "Peraturan Kepala BSSN No. 4/2023 tentang Perubahan atas Peraturan Kepala BSSN No. 6/2021 tentang Organisasi dan Tata Kerja Badan Siber dan Sandi Negara" (PDF). peraturan.go.id. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  14. 1 2 BSSN. "Poltek SSN | bssn.go.id". BSSN (in Indonesian). Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  15. ↑ Donny S (27 March 2020). "Sejarah Poltek SSN". PoltekSSN (in Indonesian). Retrieved 29 April 2021.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Cyber_and_Crypto_Agency&oldid=1354568211"