Nanti is an Arawakan language spoken by approximately 250 people in southeastern Peruvian Amazonia, principally in a number of small communities located near the headwaters of the Camisea and Timpía Rivers. It belongs to the Kampan branch of the Arawak family, and is most closely related to Matsigenka,[2] with which it is partially mutually intelligible.[1]
| Nanti | |
|---|---|
| Cogapacorill, Pucapucari | |
| Nanti | |
| Native to | Peru |
Native speakers | 94 (2007)[1] |
Arawakan
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | cox |
| Glottolog | nant1250 |
| ELP | Nanti |
The language is also sometimes called Kogapakori (variants: Cogapacori, Kugapakori), a pejorative term of Matsigenka origin meaning 'violent person'.[3]
Classification
editNanti is a member of the Arawakan language family, specifically in the Kampa branch. Despite the fact that the Kampa languages' internal classification is unclear, six language varieties are distinguished; Nanti, Asháninka, Ashéninka, Kakinte, Matsigenka, and Nomatsiguenga.[4]
Phonology
editConsonants
editThe phonemic inventory of Nanti is typical of the Kampa languages and of the Arawakan family as a whole, although there are some differences. Nanti's system of allophony is a distinguishing feature of the language.[5]
| Labial | Alveolar | Alveo- palatal |
Velar | Glottal | Unspecified | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | voiceless | p | t | tʲ | k | ||
| voiced | b | g | |||||
| Affricate | t͡s | t͡ʃ | |||||
| Fricative | s | ʃ | h | ||||
| Flap | ɾ | ɾʲ | |||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | N[a] | |||
| Glide | j | ||||||
Nanti exhibits a lack of symmetry in the stop series; while there is a voiceless /t/, there is no equivalent voiced /d/. This asymmetry is common among the Kampa languages.[7]
Vowels
editStress
editNanti stress is based on the sonority or prominence of a syllable nucleus, rather than on position, which is typologically very unusual.[4]
Typology
editTypologically, Nanti is a "highly" polysynthetic language and exhibits agglutinativity. Its verbal morphology is extremely complicated; in particular, its applicative suffixing system "has been described as one of the most complex of any human language", though the other word classes have much simpler morphology.[4]
References
edit- 1 2 Nanti at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ↑ Michael 2008, pp. 212–218.
- ↑ Michael, Lev and Christine Beier. 2007. Una breve historia del pueblo Nanti hasta el año 2004. Online version: http://www.cabeceras.org/cabeceras_nanti_histor_2004.pdf
- 1 2 3 Michael, Lev (2001). Ari ixanti: speech reporting practices among the Nanti of the Peruvian Amazon (masters thesis). Austin: University of Texas.
- ↑ Michael 2008, pp. 220–221.
- ↑ Michael 2008, pp. 223–224.
- ↑ Michael 2008, p. 220.
- ↑ Michael 2008, pp. 224–225.
Bibliography
edit- Crowhurst, Megan; Michael, Lev (2005). "Iterative footing and prominence-driven stress in Nanti (Kampa)". Language. 81 (1): 47–95.
- Michael, Lev (2008). Nanti evidential practice: Language, Knowledge, and Social Action in an Amazonian society (PhD thesis). University of Texas at Austin. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0012-95C3-C.
- Michael, Lev (2012a). "Nanti self-quotation: Implications for the pragmatics of reported speech and evidentiality". Pragmatics and Society. 3 (2): 321–357.
- Michael, Lev (2012b). "Possession in Nanti". In Aikhenvald, Alexandra; Dixon, R. M. W. (eds.). Possession and Ownership: A cross-linguistic typology. pp. 149–166.
- Michael, Lev (2005). "El estatus sintáctico de los marcadores de persona en el idioma Nanti (Campa, Arawak)". Lengua y Sociedad (in Spanish). 7 (2): 21–32.
External links
edit- Nanti Collection of Christine Beier and Lev Michael at the Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America. Contains four recordings of ceremonies in Nanti with transcriptions and translations.