Moraxella lacunata is a rod-shaped,[1] Gram-negative, nonmotile bacterium, generally present as diploid pairs.[2] It is typically regarded as a commensal organism of the upper respiratory tract.[3] M. lacunata is associated with chronic conjunctivitis.[4]
| Moraxella lacunata | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Microscope view of Moraxella lacunata bacteria | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Kingdom: | Pseudomonadati |
| Phylum: | Pseudomonadota |
| Class: | Gammaproteobacteria |
| Order: | Pseudomonadales |
| Family: | Moraxellaceae |
| Genus: | Moraxella |
| Species: | M. lacunata |
| Binomial name | |
| Moraxella lacunata (Eyre 1900) Lwoff 1939 (Approved Lists 1980) | |
History
editMoraxella lacunata was first described independently by Victor Morax (1896) and Theodor Axenfeld (1897), hence the alternate name "Morax-Axenfeld diplobacilli" and the name of eye infection in humans is sometimes called Morax-Axenfeld conjunctivitis.[2]
Characters
editIt has the ability to change its morphology in laboratory. M. lacunata became shorter and tended to lose its Gram-negative staining characteristic when left out for 5 days. It also tended to retain these new characteristics on subsequent blood-agar transfers.[5]
Clinical significance
editInfection occurs mainly in adults, but can occur at any age. It is characterized by:
- Chronic, mild angular blepharoconjunctivitis frequently localized on the lid at the outer canthus
- Typical erythema of the edges of the lids
- Slight maceration of the skin, most marked at the angles, especially the outer canthus
- Superficial infiltration of the cornea is not uncommon.[6]
- The discharge is grayish yellow, adherent to the lashes, and accumulates mainly at the angles.[7]
References
edit- ↑ "Medical Definition of MORAX-AXENFELD BACILLUS".
- 1 2 Brenner, Don J.; Krieg, Noel R.; Staley, James R. (14 December 2007). Bergey's Manual® of Systematic Bacteriology: Volume 2: The Proteobacteria, Part B: The Gammaproteobacteria. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-0-387-28022-6 – via Google Books.
- ↑ Osawa, Hanna; Shibutani, Koko; Mori, Nobuyoshi (2025). "First reported case of Moraxella lacunata bacteremia following pharyngitis in an adult with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinemia receiving ravulizumab: A case report". IDCases. 42 e02377. doi:10.1016/j.idcr.2025.e02377. ISSN 2214-2509. PMC 12481709. PMID 41035494.
- ↑ Ringvold, A.; Vik, E.; Bevanger, L. S. (1985). "Moraxella lacunata isolated from epidemic conjunctivitis among teen-aged females". Acta Ophthalmologica. 63 (4): 427–431. doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1985.tb01558.x. ISSN 0001-639X. PMID 3901656.
- ↑ Horwich, Harry; Fedukowicz, Helena (1 October 1955). "Variations in Morax-Axenfeld Diplobacillus". AMA Arch Ophthalmol. 54 (4): 580–585. doi:10.1001/archopht.1955.00930020586011. PMID 13257988.
- ↑ Zhulin, Denis Larionov & Alexander. "Read the eBook The pathology of the eye (Volume 1) by John Herbert Parsons online for free (page 6 of 38)".
- ↑ TERMIUM®, Government of Canada, Public Works and Government Services Canada, Translation Bureau. "tumefaccion [2 records] - TERMIUM Plus® — Search - TERMIUM Plus®".
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