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List of IUCN Red List vulnerable plants

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As of September 2016, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists 5430 vulnerable (VU) plant species.[1] 25% of all evaluated plant species are listed as vulnerable. The IUCN also lists 244 subspecies and 235 varieties as vulnerable. No subpopulations of plants have been evaluated by the IUCN.

46 extinct in the wild plant species (0.06%)6445 critically endangered plant species (8.4%)12707 endangered plant species (16.5%)10596 vulnerable plant species (13.8%)4880 near threatened plant species (6.3%)35732 least concern plant species (46.5%)6317 data deficient plant species (8.2%)
Plant species (IUCN, 2025.2)
  • 76,864 extant species have been evaluated
  • 70,547 of those are fully assessed[a]
  • 40,612 are not threatened at present[b]
  • 29,935 are threatened[c]
  • 187 to 892 are extinct or extinct in the wild:
    • 141 extinct (EX) species[d]
    • 46 extinct in the wild (EW)
    • 648 possibly extinct [CR(PE)]
    • 57 possibly extinct in the wild [CR(PEW)]
  1. ↑ excludes data deficient evaluations.
  2. ↑ NT, LR/cd, LC.
  3. ↑ Threatened comprises CR, EN and VU.
  4. ↑ Chart omits extinct (EX) species
Vulnerable (VU) species are considered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.

For a species to be assessed as vulnerable to extinction the best available evidence must meet quantitative criteria set by the IUCN designed to reflect "a high risk of extinction in the wild". Endangered and critically endangered species also meet the quantitative criteria of vulnerable species, and are listed separately. See: List of endangered plants, List of critically endangered plants. Vulnerable, endangered, and critically endangered species are collectively referred to as threatened species by the IUCN.

Additionally 1674 plant species (7.6% of those evaluated) are listed as data deficient, meaning there is insufficient information for a full assessment of conservation status. As these species typically have small distributions and/or populations, they are intrinsically likely to be threatened, according to the IUCN.[2] While the category of data deficient indicates that no assessment of extinction risk has been made for the taxa, the IUCN notes that it may be appropriate to give them "the same degree of attention as threatened taxa, at least until their status can be assessed."[3]

This is a complete list of vulnerable plant species, subspecies and varieties evaluated by the IUCN as of 2016.

Algae

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Bryophytes

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There are 25 bryophyte species assessed as vulnerable.

Mosses

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Liverworts

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Pteridophytes

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There are 83 species and one subspecies of pteridophyte assessed as vulnerable.

Leptosporangiate ferns

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There are 69 species in the class Polypodiopsida assessed as vulnerable.

Polypodiales

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There are 61 species in the order Polypodiales assessed as vulnerable.

Aspleniaceae
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Athyriaceae
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Blechnaceae
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Dennstaedtiaceae
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Dryopteridaceae
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Polypodiaceae
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Thelypteridaceae
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Other Polypodiales species
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Hymenophyllales

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Cyatheales

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Salviniales

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Isoetopsida

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Lycopodiopsida

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Gymnosperms

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There are 156 species, seven subspecies, and 34 varieties of gymnosperm assessed as vulnerable.

Cycads

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Species

Subspecies

Conifers

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Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Gnetopsida

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Dicotyledons

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There are 4545 species, 230 subspecies, and 197 varieties of dicotyledon assessed as vulnerable.

Apiales

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There are 108 species in the order Apiales assessed as vulnerable.

Apiaceae

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Araliaceae

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Aristolochiales

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Asterales

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Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Austrobaileyales

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Boraginales

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Boraginaceae

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Cordiaceae

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Brassicales

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There are 41 species and five subspecies in Capparales assessed as vulnerable.

Brassicaceae

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Species

Subspecies

Capparaceae

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Resedaceae

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Buxales

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Campanulales

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There are 51 species and two subspecies in Campanulales assessed as vulnerable.

Campanulaceae

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Species

Subspecies

Goodeniaceae

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Caryophyllales

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There are 190 species, 12 subspecies, and one variety in the order Caryophyllales assessed as vulnerable.

Aizoaceae

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Amaranthaceae

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Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Cactus species

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Caryophyllaceae

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Chenopodiaceae

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Didiereaceae

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Droseraceae

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Nepenthaceae

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Nyctaginaceae

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Polygonaceae

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Other Caryophyllales species

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Celastrales

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There are 102 species, three subspecies, and ten varieties in the order Celastrales assessed as vulnerable.

Aquifoliaceae (Hollies)

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Celastraceae

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Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Dichapetalaceae

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Icacinaceae

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Cornales

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Cucurbitales

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There are 49 species in the order Cucurbitales assessed as vulnerable.

Anisophylleaceae

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Begoniaceae

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Cucurbitaceae

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Dilleniales

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Dipsacales

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Ericales

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Actinidiaceae

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Clethraceae

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Ebenaceae

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Ericaceae

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Lecythidaceae

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Species

Subspecies

Sapotaceae

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Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Sarraceniaceae

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Styracaceae

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Symplocaceae

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Theaceae

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Species

Varieties

Other Ericales species

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Fabales

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Fabaceae

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Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Polygalaceae

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Fagales

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There are 45 species and one subspecies in the order Fagales assessed as vulnerable.

Betulaceae

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Fagaceae

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Species

Subspecies

Juglandaceae

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Myricaceae

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Nothofagaceae

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Ticodendraceae

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Gentianales

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Apocynaceae

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Asclepiadaceae

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Gentianaceae

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Loganiaceae

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Rubiaceae

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Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Geraniales

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Gunnerales

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Hamamelidales

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Lamiales

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Acanthaceae

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Species

Subspecies

Avicenniaceae

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Bignoniaceae

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Buddlejaceae

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Gesneriaceae

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Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Globulariaceae

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Lamiaceae

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Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Lentibulariaceae

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Oleaceae

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Plantaginaceae

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Scrophulariaceae

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Verbenaceae

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Laurales

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Hernandiaceae

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Lauraceae

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Species

Varieties

Monimiaceae

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Siparunaceae

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Linales

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Canellales

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Magnoliales

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There are 270 species, 55 subspecies, and 28 varieties in the order Magnoliales assessed as vulnerable.

Annonaceae

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Species

Subspecies

Degeneriaceae

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Magnoliaceae

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Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Myristicaceae

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Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Malvales

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Bombacaceae

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Dipterocarpaceae

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Species

Subspecies

Elaeocarpaceae

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Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Malvaceae

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Sarcolaenaceae

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Sterculiaceae

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Tiliaceae

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Thymelaeaceae

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Other Malvales species

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Malpighiales

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Calophyllaceae

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Species

Varieties

Chrysobalanaceae

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Clusiaceae

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Species

Varieties

Euphorbiaceae

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Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Hypericaceae

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Malpighiaceae

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Ochnaceae

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Peraceae

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Phyllanthaceae

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Species

Varieties

Rhizophoraceae

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Salicaceae

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Species

Subspecies

Other Malpighiales species

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Myrtales

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There are 357 species, 13 subspecies, and 11 varieties in the order Myrtales assessed as vulnerable.

Combretaceae

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Lythraceae

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Melastomataceae

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Species

Subspecies

Myrtaceae

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Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Onagraceae

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Other Myrtales species

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Oxalidales

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Cephalotaceae

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Piperales

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Plumbaginales

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Podostemales

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Primulales

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There are 50 species and one variety in Primulales assessed as vulnerable.

Myrsinaceae

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Primulaceae

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Theophrastaceae

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Proteales

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Ranunculales

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There are 36 species, one subspecies, and one variety in the order Ranunculales assessed as vulnerable.

Meliosmaceae

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Berberidaceae

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Menispermaceae

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Papaveraceae

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Ranunculaceae

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Rhamnales

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Rosales

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There are 118 species, 13 subspecies, and nine varieties in the order Rosales assessed as vulnerable.

Brunelliaceae

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Cecropiaceae

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Connaraceae

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Cunoniaceae

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Moraceae

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Pittosporaceae

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Rosaceae

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Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Ulmaceae

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Urticaceae

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Sapindales

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There are 345 species, ten subspecies, and 14 varieties in the order Sapindales assessed as vulnerable.

Aceraceae

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Anacardiaceae

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Species

Varieties

Burseraceae

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Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Hippocastanaceae

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Meliaceae

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Species

Subspecies

Melianthaceae

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Rutaceae

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Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Sapindaceae

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Species

Varieties

Simaroubaceae

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Staphyleaceae

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Santalales

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Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Saxifragales

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Solanales

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There are 33 species and two subspecies in the order Solanales assessed as vulnerable.

Solanaceae

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Convolvulaceae

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Menyanthaceae

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Violales

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There are 86 species, one subspecies, and three varieties in Violales assessed as vulnerable.

Flacourtiaceae

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Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Loasaceae

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Passifloraceae

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Violaceae

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Other Violales species

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Monocotyledons

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There are 619 species, six subspecies, and four varieties of monocotyledon assessed as vulnerable.

Alismatales

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Arales

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Araceae

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Arecales

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Species

Varieties

Asparagales

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Species

Subspecies

Bromeliales

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Commelinales

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Cyclanthales

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Dioscoreales

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Eriocaulales

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Hydrocharitales

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Juncales

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Liliales

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Najadales

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Orchidales

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There are 114 species and three subspecies in Orchidales assessed as vulnerable.

Orchidaceae

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Species

Subspecies

Poales

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There are 78 species and two varieties in Poales assessed as vulnerable.

Cyperaceae

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Poaceae

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Triuridales

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Zingiberales

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There are 42 species in the order Zingiberales assessed as vulnerable.

Costaceae

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Heliconiaceae

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Marantaceae

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Zingiberaceae

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See also

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Notes

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  1. ↑ Listed by IUCN as Kopsia singaporensis.
  2. ↑ Listed by IUCN as Myrsine pearce.

References

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  1. ↑ "IUCN Red List version 2016-2". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Retrieved 8 September 2016.
  2. ↑ "Limitations of the Data". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Retrieved 11 January 2016.
  3. ↑ "2001 Categories & Criteria (version 3.1)". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Retrieved 11 January 2016.
  4. ↑ Farjon, A. (2013). "Pinus torreyana subsp. insularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013 e.T34013A2840313. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T34013A2840313.en. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  5. ↑ "Mammillaria mercadensis Patoni". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2024-12-03.
  6. ↑ "Burretiodendron hsienmu W.Y.Chun & F.C.How". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 1 November 2025.
  7. ↑ "Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) R.Parker". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 5 December 2024.
  8. ↑ "Forchhammeria trifoliata Radlk. ex Millsp". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 5 December 2024.
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