This is a list of international presidential trips made by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, the 12th and current President of Turkey since he assumed the presidency on 28 August 2014. As the leader of Turkey, he has undertaken extensive international diplomacy, meeting with leaders and heads of state across the globe and representing Turkey at major international summits and conferences.
Summary
editAs of July 2026, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan has made 263 trips to 91 countries during his presidency. His most frequent destinations reflect Turkey's strategic priorities in neighboring regions and key international partnerships.
Countries visited
editThe number of visits per country where Erdoğan has travelled:
20 visits: Azerbaijan
16 visits: Russia
15 visits: Qatar, United States
11 visits: Northern Cyprus
10 visits: Saudi Arabia
7 visits: Belgium
6 visits: Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Uzbekistan
5 visits: Bosnia and Herzegovina, China, France, Pakistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine
4 visits: Albania, Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Italy, Senegal, Serbia, United Arab Emirates
3 visits: Indonesia, United Kingdom
2 visits: Bahrain, Croatia, Ethiopia, Greece, India, Japan, Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia, Nigeria, Poland, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Tunisia, Vatican City
1 visit: Afghanistan, Angola, Argentina, Belarus, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Iraq, Ivory Coast, Jordan, Kenya, Latvia, Lithuania, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Mexico, Moldova, Montenegro, Mozambique, Netherlands, Oman, Paraguay, Peru, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Korea, Sudan, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Venezuela, Zambia
List of visits
edit2014
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| Country | Location | Date(s) | Purpose(s) | Ref. | Note(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Northern Cyprus |
North Nicosia | 1 September 2014 | State visit to Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. | First foreign trip as President | |
 Azerbaijan |
Baku | 2–3 September 2014 | State visit. Met with President Ilham Aliyev to discuss bilateral relations and regional cooperation. | ||
 United Kingdom |
London | 4–5 September 2014 | Working visit to discuss Turkey-UK relations and regional issues. | ||
 Qatar |
Doha | 14–15 September 2014 | State visit. Met with Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani. | ||
 United States |
New York City | 21–25 September 2014 | Attended 69th session of UN General Assembly. | ||
 Afghanistan |
Kabul | 18 October 2014 | State visit to discuss security cooperation and Turkish aid projects. | ||
 Latvia |
Riga | 22–23 October 2014 | State visit. First visit by a Turkish president to Latvia. | [1] | |
 Estonia |
Tallinn | 24 October 2014 | State visit. First visit by a Turkish president to Estonia. | [2] | |
 France |
Paris | 31 October 2014 | State visit. Met with President François Hollande. | ||
 Turkmenistan |
Ashgabat | 7–9 November 2014 | State visit. First visit to Turkmenistan as Turkish president. | [3] | |
 Algeria |
Algiers | 19 November 2014 | State visit. Discussed economic cooperation and regional security. | ||
 Equatorial Guinea |
Malabo | 20 November 2014 | State visit. Attended 2nd Turkey-Africa Partnership Summit. | Part of Africa outreach initiative |
2015
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| Country | Location | Date(s) | Purpose(s) | Ref. | Note(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Ethiopia |
Addis Ababa | 20 January 2015 | State visit. Met with government officials to strengthen bilateral ties. | [4] | Part of Horn of Africa tour |
 Djibouti |
Djibouti | 23 January 2015 | State visit. Discussed Turkish military base and port cooperation. | [5] | |
 Saudi Arabia |
Riyadh | 23 January 2015 | Working visit for consultations on regional issues. | ||
 Somalia |
Mogadishu | 23 January 2015 | State visit. Continued Turkey's strong support for Somalia's reconstruction. | [6] | Erdoğan widely praised for Turkey's Somalia assistance |
 Colombia |
Bogotá | 10 February 2015 | State visit. First visit by a Turkish president to Colombia. | [7] | Part of Latin America tour |
 Cuba |
Havana | 12 February 2015 | State visit. Proposed building a mosque in Cuba. | [8] | First Turkish presidential visit to Cuba |
 Mexico |
Mexico City | 12 February 2015 | State visit. Discussed trade and economic cooperation. | [9] | |
| Saudi Arabia |
Riyadh | 28 February – 2 March 2015 | Working visit for regional consultations. | ||
 Ukraine |
Kyiv | 20 March 2015 | State visit. Announced $10 million grant to Ukraine. | [10] | Supported Ukraine amid Russia tensions |
 Slovenia |
Ljubljana | 30 March 2015 | State visit. Welcomed with official ceremony. | [11] | Part of Central European tour |
 Slovakia |
Bratislava | 30 March 2015 | State visit. First visit by Turkish president to Slovakia. | [12] | |
 Romania |
Bucharest | 31 March 2015 | State visit to strengthen bilateral relations. | [13] | |
 Iran |
Tehran | 7 April 2015 | State visit. Discussed natural gas supplies and regional issues. | [14] | |
 Kazakhstan |
Astana | 15 April 2015 | State visit. Discussed Turkic cooperation. | [15] | |
 Kuwait |
Kuwait City | 27 April 2015 | Working visit for Gulf consultations. | ||
 Germany |
Karlsruhe | 10 May 2015 | State visit. Addressed Turkish diaspora community. | [16] | |
 Belgium |
Brussels | 10 May 2015 | State visit. Met with EU officials. | [17] | |
 Albania |
Tirana | 13 May 2015 | State visit. Welcomed with official ceremony. | [18] | |
 Bosnia and Herzegovina |
Sarajevo | 20 May 2015 | State visit. Emphasized Turkey's support for Bosnia. | [19] | |
| Azerbaijan |
Baku | 12–13 June 2015 | State visit. Met with President Aliyev, discussed Putin meeting details. | [20] | |
| Northern Cyprus |
North Nicosia | 20 July 2015 | State visit on anniversary of Turkish intervention in Cyprus. | ||
 China |
Beijing | 28–30 July 2015 | State visit. Discussed Silk Road cooperation and Uyghur issues. | [21] | |
 Indonesia |
Jakarta | 30 July – 1 August 2015 | State visit. Addressed Indonesian parliament. | [22] | |
 Pakistan |
Islamabad | 1 August 2015 | State visit. Strengthened Turkey-Pakistan strategic partnership. | ||
 Russia |
Moscow | 23 September 2015 | State visit. Met with President Putin on Syria and energy. | ||
| France |
Paris | 4 October 2015 | State visit. Discussed counter-terrorism cooperation. | ||
| Belgium |
Brussels | 4 October 2015 | State visit. Met with EU leadership. | ||
 Japan |
Tokyo | 7 October 2015 | State visit. Discussed economic cooperation. | ||
| Northern Cyprus |
North Nicosia | 17 October 2015 | State visit to Northern Cyprus. | ||
| France |
Paris | 30 November 2015 | Attended UN Climate Change Conference (COP21). | ||
| Qatar |
Doha | 1 December 2015 | State visit. Met with Qatari leadership. | ||
| Turkmenistan |
Ashgabat | 11 December 2015 | State visit. Discussed energy cooperation. | ||
| Saudi Arabia |
Riyadh | 29 December 2015 | State visit. Discussed regional security. |
2016
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| Country | Location | Date(s) | Purpose(s) | Ref. | Note(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Chile |
Santiago | 31 January 2016 | State visit. First Turkish presidential visit to Chile. | Part of Latin America tour | |
 Peru |
Lima | 2 February 2016 | State visit. First Turkish presidential visit to Peru. | ||
 Ecuador |
Quito | 3 February 2016 | State visit. First Turkish presidential visit to Ecuador. | ||
 Senegal |
Dakar | 5 February 2016 | State visit. Strengthened Turkey-Senegal ties. | ||
 Ivory Coast |
Yamoussoukro | 28 February 2016 | State visit. Discussed economic cooperation. | Part of West Africa tour | |
 Ghana |
Accra | 1 March 2016 | State visit. First Turkish presidential visit to Ghana. | [23] | |
 Nigeria |
Abuja | 2 March 2016 | State visit. Discussed counter-terrorism cooperation. | [24] | |
 Guinea |
Conakry | 3 March 2016 | State visit. First Turkish presidential visit to Guinea. | ||
| United States |
Washington, D.C. | 29 March 2016 | Attended Nuclear Security Summit. Met with President Barack Obama. | ||
| Azerbaijan |
Baku | 25 April 2016 | State visit. Discussed Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. | ||
 Croatia |
Zagreb | 26 April 2016 | State visit. First Turkish presidential visit to Croatia. | ||
 Uganda |
Kampala | 1 June 2016 | State visit. Discussed economic cooperation. | Part of East Africa tour | |
 Kenya |
Nairobi | 2 June 2016 | State visit. First Turkish presidential visit to Kenya. | ||
| Somalia |
Mogadishu | 3 June 2016 | State visit. Continued Turkey's reconstruction support. | ||
| United States |
Louisville, Kentucky | 9 June 2016 | Working visit. Attended funeral of Muhammad Ali. | ||
 Poland |
Warsaw | 7 July 2016 | Attended NATO Summit. | ||
| Russia |
Saint Petersburg | 9 August 2016 | State visit. First meeting with Putin after jet crisis. | Marked normalization of Turkey-Russia relations | |
| China |
Hangzhou | 2 September 2016 | Attended G20 Summit. Sideline meetings with world leaders. | ||
| United States |
New York City | 19 September 2016 | Attended 71st session of UN General Assembly. | ||
 Belarus |
Minsk | 11 November 2016 | State visit. First Turkish presidential visit to Belarus. | [25] | |
| Pakistan |
Islamabad | 16 November 2016 | State visit. Addressed Pakistani parliament. | ||
 Uzbekistan |
Samarkand | 17 November 2016 | Working visit. Discussed Turkic cooperation. |
2017
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| Country | Location | Date(s) | Purpose(s) | Ref. | Note(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Tanzania |
Dar es Salam | 22 January 2017 | State visit. Discussed economic cooperation. | Part of East Africa tour | |
 Mozambique |
Maputo | 24 January 2017 | State visit. First Turkish presidential visit to Mozambique. | ||
 Madagascar |
Antananarivo | 25 January 2017 | State visit. First Turkish presidential visit to Madagascar. | ||
 Bahrain |
Manama | 12 February 2017 | State visit. Discussed Gulf security. | Part of Gulf tour | |
| Saudi Arabia |
Riyadh | 13 February 2017 | State visit. Met with King Salman. | ||
| Qatar |
Doha | 14 February 2017 | State visit. Strengthened Qatar-Turkey partnership. | [26] | |
| Pakistan |
Islamabad | 28 February – 1 March 2017 | State visit. Discussed CPEC and bilateral cooperation. | ||
| Russia |
Moscow | 10 March 2017 | State visit. Met with President Putin on Syria coordination. | [27] | |
 India |
New Delhi | 30 April – 1 May 2017 | State visit. Discussed trade and counter-terrorism. | ||
| Russia |
Sochi | 3 May 2017 | Working visit. Met with Putin on Syria safe zones. | ||
| Kuwait |
Kuwait City | 9 May 2017 | State visit. Discussed Gulf relations. | ||
| China |
Beijing | 14–15 May 2017 | Attended Belt and Road Forum. Sideline meetings. | ||
| United States |
Washington, D.C. | 15–17 May 2017 | Working visit. Met with President Donald Trump. | [28] | Visit marred by clash between Turkish security and protesters |
| Belgium |
Brussels | 25 May 2017 | Working visit. Met with NATO leadership. | ||
| Germany |
Berlin | 7–8 July 2017 | State visit. Addressed Turkish diaspora. | ||
| Saudi Arabia |
Riyadh | 23 July 2017 | State visit. Discussed Qatar diplomatic crisis. | Turkey supported Qatar during blockade | |
| Kuwait |
Kuwait City | 24 July 2017 | State visit. Mediation efforts on Qatar crisis. | ||
| Qatar |
Doha | 24 July 2017 | State visit. Reaffirmed Turkey's support for Qatar. | ||
 Jordan |
Amman | 21 August 2017 | State visit. Discussed Palestinian issue. | ||
| Kazakhstan |
Astana | 8 September 2017 | State visit. Discussed Turkic cooperation. | ||
| United States |
New York City | 17–21 September 2017 | Attended 72nd session of UN General Assembly. | ||
| Iran |
Tehran | 4 October 2017 | State visit. Discussed Kurdish referendum in Iraq. | ||
| Ukraine |
Kyiv | 9 October 2017 | State visit. Discussed Crimean Tatars and bilateral cooperation. | ||
 Serbia |
Belgrade | 9–11 October 2017 | State visit. Visited Sandžak region, discussed Balkans. | ||
| Poland |
Warsaw | 17 October 2017 | State visit. Discussed defense cooperation. | [29] | |
| Azerbaijan |
Baku | 30–31 October 2017 | State visit. Discussed energy cooperation. | ||
| Kuwait |
Kuwait City | 13–14 November 2017 | State visit. Continued Gulf consultations. | ||
| Qatar |
Doha | 14–15 November 2017 | State visit. Strengthened strategic partnership. | ||
| Russia |
Sochi | 22 November 2017 | State visit. Discussed Syria, S-400 missile system. | ||
 Greece |
Athens | 7–8 December 2017 | State visit. First Turkish presidential visit to Greece in 65 years. | [30] | Historic visit despite tensions |
 Sudan |
Khartoum | 24–25 December 2017 | State visit. Discussed Red Sea security. | Part of Africa tour | |
 Chad |
N'Djamena | 26 December 2017 | State visit. First Turkish presidential visit to Chad. | ||
 Tunisia |
Tunis | 27 December 2017 | State visit. Discussed economic cooperation. |
2018
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| Country | Location | Date(s) | Purpose(s) | Ref. | Note(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| France |
Paris | 5 January 2018 | Working visit. Met with President Emmanuel Macron. | [31] | Attempted to improve EU-Turkey relations |
 Italy |
Rome | 4–5 February 2018 | Working visit. Met with President Sergio Mattarella and Prime Minister Paolo Gentiloni. | [32] | |
 Vatican City |
Vatican City | 5 February 2018 | Working visit. Met with Pope Francis to discuss Jerusalem. | [33] | Protests occurred outside Vatican |
| Algeria |
Algiers | 26–28 February 2018 | State visit. Part of four-nation Africa tour. | [34] | |
 Mauritania |
Nouakchott | 28 February – 1 March 2018 | State visit. First Turkish presidential visit to Mauritania. | [35] | |
| Senegal |
Dakar | 1–2 March 2018 | State visit. Discussed economic ties. | [36] | |
 Mali |
Bamako | 2 March 2018 | State visit. First Turkish presidential visit to Mali. | [37] | |
 Bulgaria |
Varna | 26 March 2018 | Working visit. Attended EU-Turkey summit. | [38] | Discussed migration and customs union |
| Uzbekistan |
Tashkent | 29 April–1 May 2018 | State visit. Discussed Turkic cooperation. | ||
 South Korea |
Seoul | 2–3 May 2018 | State visit. First Turkish presidential visit to South Korea. | [39] | |
| United Kingdom |
London | 13–16 May 2018 | State visit. Met with Queen Elizabeth II and Prime Minister Theresa May. | [40] | Large protests in London |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina |
Sarajevo | 20 May 2018 | State visit. Held rally with 40,000 supporters. | [41] | Campaign rally before Turkish elections |
| Azerbaijan |
Baku | 10 July 2018 | State visit. First foreign visit after re-election as president. | [42] | |
| Northern Cyprus |
North Nicosia | 11 July 2018 | State visit following re-election. | ||
| Belgium |
Brussels | 11–12 July 2018 | Attended NATO Summit. | ||
 South Africa |
Johannesburg | 25–26 July 2018 | Working visit. Attended BRICS summit as guest. | [43] | |
 Zambia |
Lusaka | 27–27 July 2018 | State visit. First Turkish presidential visit to Zambia. | ||
 Kyrgyzstan |
Bishkek | 1 September 2018 | State visit. Called for stronger Turkic-Kyrgyz ties. | [44] | |
| Iran |
Tehran | 7 September 2018 | Working visit. Trilateral summit with Russia on Syria. | [45] | |
| Azerbaijan |
Baku | 15 September 2018 | State visit. Discussed bilateral cooperation. | ||
| Russia |
Sochi | 17 September 2018 | Working visit. Agreed with Putin on Idlib demilitarized zone. | [46] | Major breakthrough on Syria |
| United States |
New York City | 21–25 September 2018 | Attended 73rd session of UN General Assembly. Called for new global system. | [47] | |
| Germany |
Berlin | 28–29 September 2018 | State visit. Aimed to normalize relations after tensions. | [48] | First state visit to Germany in years |
 Hungary |
Budapest | 8–9 October 2018 | State visit. Received warm welcome from Viktor Orbán. | [49] | |
 Moldova |
Chișinău, Comrat | 17–18 October 2018 | State visit. First Turkish presidential visit to Moldova. | [50] | Visited Gagauzia region |
| France |
Paris | 10–11 November 2018 | Working visit. Attended WWI centenary commemoration. | [51] | |
 Argentina |
Buenos Aires | 30 November – 1 December 2018 | Working visit. Attended G20 Summit. | [52] | Part of South America tour |
 Paraguay |
Asunción | 2 December 2018 | State visit. First Turkish presidential visit to Paraguay. | [52][53] | |
 Venezuela |
Caracas | 3 December 2018 | State visit. Met with President Nicolás Maduro. | [52][54] | Controversial visit amid Venezuela crisis |
2019
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| Country | Location | Date(s) | Purpose(s) | Ref. | Note(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia |
Moscow | 23 January 2019 | Working visit. Discussed Syria with President Putin. | [55] | |
| Russia |
Sochi | 14 February 2019 | Working visit. Continued Syria coordination with Putin. | [56] | |
| Russia |
Moscow | 8 April 2019 | State visit. Discussed S-400 missile system delivery. | [57] | |
 Tajikistan |
Dushanbe | 15 June 2019 | Working visit. Discussed regional cooperation. | ||
| Japan |
Osaka | 27–29 June 2019 | Working visit. Attended G20 Summit, met with Trump on S-400. | [58] | |
| China |
Beijing | 29 June – 1 July 2019 | Official visit. Affirmed importance of ties with China. | ||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina |
Sarajevo | 9–11 July 2019 | State visit. May have affected Bosniak leadership race. | [59] | |
| Russia |
Moscow | 27 August 2019 | State visit. Discussed Idlib situation in Syria. | [60] | |
| United States |
New York City | 21–24 September 2019 | Working visit. Attended 74th session of UN General Assembly. | [61] | |
| Serbia |
Belgrade | 7–9 October 2019 | State visit. Said Turkey-Serbia relationship at its best level. | [62] | |
| Azerbaijan |
Baku | 14–15 October 2019 | State visit. Strengthened strategic partnership. | [63] | |
| Russia |
Moscow | 22 October 2019 | State visit. Discussed Syria safe zone with Putin. | [64] | After Turkey's Syria operation |
| Qatar |
Doha | 25 October 2019 | State visit. Discussed regional security. | [65] | |
| Hungary |
Budapest | 7 November 2019 | State visit. Continued close cooperation with Orbán. | [66] | |
| United States |
Washington, D.C. | 12–13 November 2019 | Working visit. Met with President Trump at White House. | [67] | Tense visit amid S-400 controversy |
| United Kingdom |
London | 3–5 December 2019 | Working visit. Attended NATO summit. | [68] | |
 Switzerland |
Geneva | 16–17 December 2019 | Working visit. Addressed Turkish community. | [69] | |
 Malaysia |
Kuala Lumpur | 18–19 December 2019 | Working visit. Attended Kuala Lumpur Summit. | [69] | |
| Tunisia |
Tunis | 18–19 December 2019 | Working visit. Discussed Libya situation. | [70] |
2020
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| Country | Location | Date(s) | Purpose(s) | Ref. | Note(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany |
Berlin | 19 January 2020 | Working visit. Attended Libya Conference. | [71] | |
| Algeria |
Algiers | 26 January 2020 | State visit. Discussed bilateral cooperation. | [72] | |
 Gambia |
Banjul | 27 January 2020 | State visit. First Turkish presidential visit to Gambia. | [73] | |
| Senegal |
Dakar | 28 January 2020 | State visit. Strengthened economic ties. | [74] | |
| Ukraine |
Kyiv | 3 February 2020 | State visit. Discussed defense cooperation and Crimea. | [75] | |
| Pakistan |
Islamabad | 13–14 February 2020 | State visit. Addressed joint session of parliament. | [76] | |
| Azerbaijan |
Baku | 25 February 2020 | State visit. Discussed Nagorno-Karabakh. | [77] | |
| Russia |
Moscow | 5 March 2020 | Working visit. Emergency meeting with Putin on Idlib crisis. | [78] | Critical meeting before COVID-19 restrictions |
| Belgium |
Brussels | 9 March 2020 | Working visit. Met with NATO and EU officials. | [79] | Last major trip before pandemic restrictions |
| Qatar |
Doha | 2 July 2020 | Working visit. Discussed regional cooperation during pandemic. | ||
| Kuwait |
Kuwait City | 7 October 2020 | Working visit. Expressed condolences for Emir's death. | ||
| Qatar |
Doha | 7 October 2020 | Working visit. Part of Gulf visit. | ||
| Northern Cyprus |
North Nicosia | 15 November 2020 | Working visit. Controversial visit to divided Varosha. | Visit criticized by international community | |
| Azerbaijan |
Baku | 9–10 December 2020 | State visit. Attended Nagorno-Karabakh victory parade. | [80] | Celebrated Azerbaijan's victory |
2021
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| Country | Location | Date(s) | Purpose(s) | Ref. | Note(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium |
Brussels | 13 June 2021 | Working visit. Attended NATO Summit. | ||
| Azerbaijan |
Baku, Shusha | 14–15 June 2021 | State visit. Signed Shusha Declaration with Azerbaijan. | [81][82] | Historic declaration strengthening alliance |
| Northern Cyprus |
North Nicosia | 19–20 July 2021 | State visit. Controversial statement on two-state solution. | Raised tensions with international community | |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina |
Sarajevo | 27 August 2021 | State visit. Discussed Balkans stability. | ||
 Montenegro |
Podgorica | 28 August 2021 | State visit. First Turkish presidential visit to Montenegro. | ||
| United States |
New York City | 19–22 September 2021 | Working visit. Attended 76th session of UN General Assembly. | ||
| Russia |
Sochi | 29 September 2021 | State visit. Discussed Syria, Libya, and Afghanistan with Putin. | ||
 Angola |
Luanda | 17–18 October 2021 | State visit. First Turkish presidential visit to Angola. | Part of Africa tour | |
 Togo |
Lomé | 18–19 October 2021 | State visit. First Turkish presidential visit to Togo. | ||
| Nigeria |
Abuja | 19–20 October 2021 | State visit. Discussed counter-terrorism cooperation. | ||
| Azerbaijan |
Fuzuli, Zangilan | 26 October 2021 | State visit. Visited liberated territories in Karabakh. | ||
| Italy |
Rome | 29–31 October 2021 | Working visit. Attended G20 Summit, met with President Biden. | First Biden-Erdoğan meeting as presidents | |
| Turkmenistan |
Ashgabat | 27–28 November 2021 | Working visit. Attended ECO Summit. | ||
| Qatar |
Doha | 6–7 December 2021 | State visit. Discussed economic cooperation. |
2022
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| Country | Location | Date(s) | Purpose(s) | Ref. | Note(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albania |
Tirana | 17 January 2022 | State visit. Discussed Balkans cooperation. | ||
| Ukraine |
Kyiv | 3 February 2022 | State visit. Met with President Zelenskyy weeks before Russian invasion. | Warned about impending conflict | |
 UAE |
Abu Dhabi | 14–15 February 2022 | State visit. Marked normalization of Turkey-UAE relations. | Historic visit after years of tension | |
 Democratic Republic of the Congo |
Kinshasa | 20–21 February 2022 | State visit. First Turkish presidential visit to DR Congo. | Part of Africa tour | |
| Senegal |
Dakar | 21–22 February 2022 | State visit. Strengthened economic ties. | ||
| Belgium |
Brussels | 24 March 2022 | Working visit. Attended emergency NATO summit on Ukraine. | ||
| Uzbekistan |
Tashkent | 29–30 March 2022 | State visit. Discussed Turkic cooperation. | ||
| Saudi Arabia |
Mecca, Medina, Riyadh | 27–30 April 2022 | State visit. Performed Umrah, met with Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. | First visit to Saudi Arabia in years | |
| UAE |
Dubai | 17 May 2022 | State visit. Continued normalization process. | ||
| Azerbaijan |
Baku | 28–29 May 2022 | State visit. Discussed energy cooperation. | ||
 Spain |
Madrid | 28–30 June 2022 | Working visit. Attended NATO Summit. | Lifted veto on Sweden and Finland membership | |
| Iran |
Tehran | 18–19 July 2022 | Working visit. Trilateral summit with Russia on Syria. | ||
| Russia |
Sochi | 5 August 2022 | Working visit. Discussed Ukraine grain deal with Putin. | ||
| Ukraine |
Lviv | 18 August 2022 | Working visit. Met with Zelenskyy and UN Secretary-General António Guterres. | Discussed Black Sea grain corridor | |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina |
Sarajevo | 6–7 September 2022 | Working visit. Discussed Balkans stability. | ||
| Serbia |
Belgrade | 7–8 September 2022 | Working visit. Part of Balkans tour. | ||
| Croatia |
Zagreb | 8–9 September 2022 | Working visit. Discussed bilateral cooperation. | ||
| Uzbekistan |
Samarkand | 15–16 September 2022 | Working visit. Attended Shanghai Cooperation Organisation summit. | ||
| United States |
New York City | 18–20 September 2022 | Working visit. Attended 77th session of UN General Assembly. | ||
 Czech Republic |
Prague | 6–7 October 2022 | Working visit. Attended European Political Community summit. | ||
| Kazakhstan |
Astana | 12–13 October 2022 | Working visit. Attended Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia summit. | ||
| Azerbaijan |
Zangilan | 20–22 October 2022 | Official visit. Attended groundbreaking ceremony for Horadiz-Zangilan railway. | ||
| Uzbekistan |
Samarkand | 11–13 November 2022 | Working visit. Attended Organization of Turkic States summit. | ||
| Indonesia |
Bali | 14–16 November 2022 | Working visit. Attended G20 Summit. | [83] | Arrived after Istanbul bombing |
| Bahrain |
Manama | 17–19 November 2022 | State visit. Discussed Gulf cooperation. | ||
| Qatar |
Doha | 20 November 2022 | State visit. Discussed regional security. | ||
| Turkmenistan |
Turkmenbashi | 14 December 2022 | State visit. Attended trilateral summit with Azerbaijan. | ||
| Qatar |
Lusail | 18 December 2022 | State visit. Attended FIFA World Cup final. |
2023
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| Country | Location | Date(s) | Purpose(s) | Ref. | Note(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Northern Cyprus |
North Nicosia | 12 June 2023 | State visit. Discussed Cyprus issue. | ||
| Azerbaijan |
Baku | 13 June 2023 | State visit. Strengthened strategic partnership. | ||
 Lithuania |
Vilnius | 11–12 July 2023 | Working visit. Attended NATO Summit. | ||
| Saudi Arabia |
Jeddah | 17–18 July 2023 | Official visit. Met with Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. | Part of Gulf tour | |
| Qatar |
Doha | 18 July 2023 | Official visit. Discussed economic cooperation. | ||
| UAE |
Abu Dhabi | 19 July 2023 | Official visit. Continued normalization of relations. | ||
| Northern Cyprus |
North Nicosia | 20 July 2023 | Official visit. Anniversary of Turkish intervention in Cyprus. | ||
| Hungary |
Budapest | 20–21 August 2023 | Working visit. Attended Turkic States summit. | [84] | |
| Russia |
Sochi | 4 September 2023 | Working visit. Discussed Black Sea grain deal with Putin. | ||
| India |
New Delhi | 8–10 September 2023 | Working visit. Attended G20 Summit. | ||
| United States |
New York City | 17–21 September 2023 | Working visit. Attended 78th session of UN General Assembly. | ||
| Azerbaijan |
Nakhchivan | 25 September 2023 | State visit. Discussed Zangezur corridor. | ||
| Kazakhstan |
Astana | 3–4 November 2023 | Working visit. Attended Organization of Turkic States summit. | ||
| Uzbekistan |
Tashkent | 8–10 November 2023 | Working visit. Discussed bilateral cooperation. | ||
| Saudi Arabia |
Riyadh | 11–12 November 2023 | Working visit. Attended extraordinary OIC summit on Gaza. | ||
| Germany |
Berlin | 17–18 November 2023 | Working visit. Met with Chancellor Olaf Scholz. | ||
| Algeria |
Algiers | 21–22 November 2023 | Official visit. Discussed Mediterranean cooperation. | ||
| UAE |
Dubai | 30 November – 2 December 2023 | Working visit. Attended COP28 climate conference. | ||
| Qatar |
Doha | 3 December 2023 | Working visit. Part of Gulf visit. | ||
| Greece |
Athens | 7 December 2023 | Working visit. Attempted to improve Turkey-Greece relations. | Positive atmosphere despite longstanding disputes | |
| Hungary |
Budapest | 18–19 December 2023 | Working visit. Discussed EU-Turkey relations with Orbán. |
2024
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| Country | Location | Date(s) | Purpose(s) | Ref. | Note(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UAE |
Dubai | 12–13 February 2024 | Working visit. Discussed economic cooperation. | ||
 Egypt |
Cairo | 14 February 2024 | State visit. United efforts to stop Israel's Rafah offensive. | [85] | Condemned Israeli actions in Gaza |
 Iraq |
Baghdad, Erbil | 22 April 2024 | State visit. First Turkish presidential visit to Iraq in years. | [86] | Discussed PKK and water issues |
| Spain |
Madrid | 12–13 June 2024 | Working visit. Called for ceasefire in Gaza. | [87] | |
| Italy |
Fasano | 14–15 June 2024 | Working visit. Attended G7 Summit on Gaza and AI. | [88] | |
| Kazakhstan |
Astana | 3–4 July 2024 | Working visit. Attended Shanghai Cooperation Organisation summit. | ||
| Germany |
Berlin | 6 July 2024 | Working visit. Met with Chancellor Scholz. | ||
| United States |
Washington, D.C. | 9–11 July 2024 | Working visit. Attended NATO Summit. | ||
| Northern Cyprus |
North Nicosia | 20 July 2024 | Working visit. Anniversary commemoration. | ||
| United States |
New York City | 21–26 September 2024 | Working visit. Attended 79th session of UN General Assembly. | ||
| Albania |
Tirana | 10 October 2024 | Working visit. Part of Balkans visit. | ||
| Serbia |
Belgrade | 10–11 October 2024 | Working visit. Discussed regional cooperation. | ||
| Russia |
Kazan | 23–24 October 2024 | Working visit. Attended BRICS summit. | ||
| Kyrgyzstan |
Bishkek | 5–6 November 2024 | Working visit. Attended Organization of Turkic States summit. | ||
| Hungary |
Budapest | 7 November 2024 | Working visit. Attended European Political Community summit. | ||
| Saudi Arabia |
Riyadh | 11 November 2024 | Working visit. Attended extraordinary Arab-Islamic summit on Gaza. | ||
| Azerbaijan |
Baku | 11–12 November 2024 | Working visit. Attended COP29 climate conference. | ||
 Brazil |
Rio de Janeiro | 17–19 November 2024 | Working visit. Attended G20 Summit. | ||
| Egypt |
Cairo | 19 December 2024 | Working visit. Attended D-8 summit. |
2025
edit| Country | Location | Date(s) | Purpose(s) | Ref. | Note(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Malaysia |
Kuala Lumpur | 10–11 February 2025 | State visit. Discussed Islamic cooperation. | Part of Asia tour | |
| Indonesia |
Jakarta | 11–12 February 2025 | State visit. Strengthened bilateral ties. | ||
| Pakistan |
Islamabad | 12–13 February 2025 | State visit. Addressed Pakistani parliament. | ||
| Italy |
Rome | 29 April 2025 | Working visit. Met with President Sergio Mattarella and Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni. | ||
| Vatican City |
Vatican City | 29 April 2025 | Working visit. Attended funeral of Pope Francis. | ||
| Northern Cyprus |
North Nicosia | 3 May 2025 | Working visit. Discussed Cyprus negotiations. | ||
| Albania |
Tirana | 16 May 2025 | Working visit. Attended European Political Community summit. | ||
| Hungary |
Budapest | 21 May 2025 | Working visit. Continued close cooperation with Orbán. | ||
| Azerbaijan |
Lachin | 28 May 2025 | Working visit. Visited liberated territories. | ||
 Netherlands |
The Hague | 24–25 June 2025 | Working visit. Attended NATO Summit. | ||
| Azerbaijan |
Khankendi | 4 July 2025 | Working visit. Visited Karabakh region. | ||
| Northern Cyprus |
North Nicosia | 20 July 2025 | Working visit. Anniversary commemoration. | ||
| China |
Tianjin | 31 August – 1 September 2025 | Sideline meeting. Discussed bilateral cooperation. | ||
| Qatar |
Doha | 15 September 2025 | Working visit. Discussed Gaza situation. | ||
| United States |
New York City, Washington, D.C. | 22–25 September 2025 | Working visit. Attended 80th session of UN General Assembly. | ||
| Azerbaijan |
Qabala | 7 October 2025 | Working visit. Discussed regional cooperation. | ||
| Egypt |
Sharm El Sheikh | 13 October 2025 | Working visit. Attended World Food Forum. | ||
| Kuwait |
Kuwait City | 21 October 2025 | Working visit. Discussed Gulf cooperation. | ||
| Qatar |
Doha | 21–22 October 2025 | Working visit. Part of Gulf tour. | ||
 Oman |
Muscat | 22–23 October 2025 | Working visit. Discussed bilateral relations. | ||
| Azerbaijan |
Baku | 8 November 2025 | Working visit. Attended Organization of Turkic States summit. | ||
| South Africa |
Johannesburg | 21–23 November 2025 | Working visit. Attended G20 Summit. | ||
| Turkmenistan |
Ashgabat | 11–12 December 2025 | Working visit. Discussed energy cooperation. |
2026
edit| Country | Location | Date(s) | Purpose(s) | Ref. | Note(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia |
Riyadh | 3–4 February 2026 | Working visit. Discussed regional security. | ||
| Egypt |
Cairo | 4 February 2026 | Working visit. Continued partnership on Gaza. | ||
| Ethiopia |
Addis Ababa | 17 February 2026 | Working visit. Discussed African Union cooperation. | ||
| Kazakhstan |
Astana, Turkestan | 13–15 May 2026 | State visit. Discussed Turkic cooperation. |
Multilateral meetings
editMultilateral meetings of the following intergovernmental organizations are scheduled to take place during Erdoğan's term in office as president.
| Group | Year | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | |
| UN General Assembly | September 27–28 New York City |
September 28–29 New York City |
September 20–24 New York City |
September 18–22 New York City |
September 25 – October 1 New York City |
September 24–30 New York City |
September 22–29 New York City (virtual) |
September 21–27 New York City |
| G20 | November 15–16 Brisbane |
November 15–16 Antalya |
September 4–5 Hangzhou |
July 7–8 Hamburg |
November 30 – December 1 Buenos Aires |
June 28–29 Osaka |
November 21–22 Riyadh (virtual) |
October 30–31 Rome |
| NATO | September 4–5 Newport |
— | July 8–9 Warsaw |
May 25 Brussels |
July 11–12 Brussels |
December 3–4 London |
— | June 14 Brussels |
| OIC | — | — | April 14–15 Istanbul |
December 13 Istanbul |
May 18 Istanbul |
May 31 Riyadh |
— | December 17 Islamabad |
| D-8 | — | — | — | October 20 Istanbul |
— | — | — | April 8 Dhaka |
| Organization of Turkic States | June 5 Bodrum |
September 11 Astana |
— | — | September 3 Cholpon-Ata |
October 15 Baku |
— | November 12 Istanbul |
| Other multilateral meetings | Turkey–Africa Partnership Summit Malabo |
UN Climate Change Conference Paris |
Nuclear Security Summit Washington, D.C. |
ECO Summit Islamabad |
EU–Turkey Summit Varna |
Kuala Lumpur Summit Kuala Lumpur |
Turkey–Africa Partnership Summit Istanbul |
ECO Summit Ashgabat |
| Group | Year | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
| UN General Assembly | September 20–23 New York City |
September 20–23 New York City |
September 24–25 New York City |
September 23–24 New York City |
| G20 | November 15–16 Bali |
September 9–10 New Delhi |
November 18–19 Rio de Janeiro |
November 22–23 Johannesburg |
| NATO | March 24 Brussels June 29–30 Madrid |
July 11–12 Vilnius |
July 9–11 Washington, D.C. |
June 24–25 The Hague |
| OIC | June 14–17 Banjul |
November 11 Riyadh |
November 11 Riyadh |
— |
| D-8 | — | — | December 19 Cairo |
— |
| Organization of Turkic States | November 11 Samarkand |
November 3–4 Astana |
November 6 Bishkek |
November Baku |
| European Political Community | October 6 Prague |
October 5 Granada November 7 Budapest |
July 18 Woodstock |
May 16 Tirana October 2  Copenhagen |
See also
editReferences
edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in foreign countries.
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- ↑ "Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan Cibutideydi". Posta. 26 April 2018. Archived from the original on 14 September 2021. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
- ↑ Arman, Abukar (21 January 2015). "Erdogan: The hero of Somalia". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 15 January 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
- ↑ "Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan Kolombiya'da". www.haberturk.com. 10 February 2015. Archived from the original on 4 July 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
- ↑ "Turkey's Erdogan proposes building mosque in Cuba". Reuters. 12 February 2015. Archived from the original on 4 July 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2019 – via mobile.reuters.com.
- ↑ "Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan Meksika'da". www.trthaber.com. 12 February 2015. Archived from the original on 4 July 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
- ↑ "Erdoğan, Ukrayna Devlet Başkanı Poroşenko tarafından askeri törenle karşılandı". www.hurriyet.com.tr. 20 March 2015. Archived from the original on 4 July 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
- ↑ "Erdoğan Slovenya'da törenle karşılandı". Sabah. Archived from the original on 4 July 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
- ↑ "Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan Slovakya'ya gitti". www.trthaber.com. 31 March 2015. Archived from the original on 4 July 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
- ↑ "Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan Romanya'da". Haberler.com. April 2015. Archived from the original on 4 July 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
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- ↑ "Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan Almanya'da konuştu". www.hurriyet.com.tr. 10 May 2015. Archived from the original on 4 July 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
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- ↑ "Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan Azerbaycan'a gitti". www.hurriyet.com.tr. 12 June 2015. Archived from the original on 4 July 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
- ↑ "T.C.CUMHURBAŞKANLIĞI : Çin". www.tccb.gov.tr. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 4 July 2019.
- ↑ "Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan Endonezya'da konuştu". www.hurriyet.com.tr. 31 July 2015. Archived from the original on 4 July 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
- ↑ "Africanews | Turkish President Erdogan visits Ghana". Africanews. Archived from the original on 29 June 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
- ↑ "President Erdoğan arrives in Nigeria as part of west-Africa trip". DailySabah. 2 March 2016. Archived from the original on 29 June 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2019.
- ↑ "President Erdoğan visits Belarus, seeks to boost trade ties". DailySabah. 11 November 2016. Archived from the original on 29 June 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2019.
- ↑ "Turkish president arrives in Doha". Gulf Times. 14 February 2017. Archived from the original on 17 September 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
- ↑ "Meeting with President of Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdogan". President of Russia. 10 March 2017. Archived from the original on 17 June 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2019.
- ↑ "Erdogan US Visit Seen as Opportunity to Reset Ties". Voice of America. Archived from the original on 20 December 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
- ↑ "Anadolu Agency". Anadolu Agency. Archived from the original on 3 July 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2019.
- ↑ Kitsantonis, Niki; Gall, Carlotta (7 December 2017). "Erdogan, on Landmark Visit to Greece, Sets Diplomacy Aside". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 8 July 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2019.
- ↑ "Erdogan heads to Paris to thaw relations with the EU". 3 January 2018. Archived from the original on 4 July 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2019.
- ↑ "Erdoğan in Italy continues his "European renaissance tour"". Archived from the original on 4 July 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2019.
- ↑ Pullella, Philip (5 February 2018). "Erdogan and pope discuss Jerusalem as scuffles break out near Vatican". Reuters. Archived from the original on 4 July 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2019 – via mobile.reuters.com.
- ↑ "Turkey's Erdogan begins four-nation Africa tour in Algeria | Africa Times". africatimes.com. 27 February 2018. Archived from the original on 4 July 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2019.
- ↑ "Erdoğan arrives in Mauritania, marking first presidential visit to the country". DailySabah. 28 February 2018. Archived from the original on 4 July 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2019.
- ↑ "Turkey, Senegal vow to improve economic ties". DailySabah. 2 March 2018. Archived from the original on 4 July 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2019.
- ↑ "Turkey wants to 'walk with Africa,' says Erdoğan after four-country trip - Turkey News". Hürriyet Daily News. 4 March 2018. Archived from the original on 19 December 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
- ↑ "EU officials to host President Erdogan in Varna on Monday | TRT World". www.trtworld.com. Archived from the original on 4 July 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2019.
- ↑ "Présidence de la République de Turquie : La visite de Président Erdoğan en Corée du sud". www.tccb.gov.tr. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
- ↑ "Turkish president Erdogan arrives in UK for a three-day visit". Evening Standard. 13 May 2018. Archived from the original on 3 July 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2019.
- ↑ "Erdogan's Bosnia Rally May Be Key Game-Changer". Balkan Insight. 4 May 2018. Archived from the original on 4 May 2018. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
- ↑ "Erdoğan visits Azerbaijan, Northern Cyprus in first visit abroad after re-election". DailySabah. 10 July 2018. Archived from the original on 29 June 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2019.
- ↑ "News Analysis: Erdogan's Africa visit reflects Turkey's increasing weight on continent - Xinhua | English.news.cn". www.xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on 29 June 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2019.
- ↑ "Erdogan Calls For Stronger Turkish-Kyrgyz Ties". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. September 2018. Archived from the original on 29 June 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2019.
- ↑ "Présidence de la République de Turquie : Communiqué de presse à l'issue de la visite du Président Erdoğan en Iran". www.tccb.gov.tr. Archived from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
- ↑ "Présidence de la République de Turquie : Le communiqué de presse au sujet de la visite du Président Erdoğan en Russie". www.tccb.gov.tr. Archived from the original on 19 December 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
- ↑ "Erdoğan calls for establishing new global system at UN". DailySabah. 25 September 2018. Archived from the original on 4 July 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2019.
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- ↑ "Arrivée d'Erdogan à Asuncion". www.aa.com.tr. Archived from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
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- ↑ "Russia-Turkey talks". President of Russia. 23 January 2019. Archived from the original on 1 July 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2019.
- ↑ "Meeting with President of Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdogan". President of Russia. 14 February 2019. Archived from the original on 13 July 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2019.
- ↑ "Russian-Turkish talks". President of Russia. 8 April 2019. Archived from the original on 14 July 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2019.
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- ↑ "Erdogan's Sarajevo Visit May Affect Bosniak Leadership Race". 8 July 2019. Archived from the original on 9 July 2019. Retrieved 9 July 2019.
- ↑ "Turkey's Erdogan to visit Moscow after convoy targeted in Syria". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 23 August 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
- ↑ "Erdoğan in New York to attend UN General Assembly - Turkey News". Hürriyet Daily News. 22 September 2019. Archived from the original on 10 October 2019. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
- ↑ "Turkey's relationship with Serbia at its best level, Erdoğan says". DailySabah. 7 October 2019. Archived from the original on 10 October 2019. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
- ↑ "Presidency Of The Republic Of Turkey : President Erdoğan to Visit Azerbaijan". www.tccb.gov.tr. Archived from the original on 14 October 2019. Retrieved 14 October 2019.
- ↑ "Présidence de la République de Turquie : La visite du Président Erdoğan en Russie". www.tccb.gov.tr. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
- ↑ "Présidence de la République de Turquie : La visite du Président Erdoğan au Qatar". www.tccb.gov.tr. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
- ↑ "Présidence de la République de Turquie : La visite du Président Erdoğan en Hongrie". www.tccb.gov.tr. Archived from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
- ↑ "Présidence de la République de Turquie : La visite du Président Erdoğan aux Etats-Unis". www.tccb.gov.tr. Archived from the original on 19 December 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
- ↑ "Présidence de la République de Turquie : Le communiqué de presse sur la visite du Président Erdoğan au Royaume-Uni". tccb.gov.tr. Archived from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
- 1 2 "Présidence de la République de Turquie : Les visites du Président Erdoğan en Suisse et Malaisie". www.tccb.gov.tr. Archived from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
- ↑ "Tunus". www.tccb.gov.tr. 26 December 2019. Archived from the original on 15 January 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
- ↑ "Almanya". Presidency of the Republic of Turkey. 19 January 2020. Archived from the original on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
- ↑ "Cezayir". Presidency of the Republic of Turkey. 26 January 2020. Archived from the original on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
- ↑ "Gambiya". Presidency of the Republic of Turkey. 27 January 2020. Archived from the original on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
- ↑ "Senegal". Presidency of the Republic of Turkey. 28 January 2020. Archived from the original on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
- ↑ "Ukrayna". Presidency of the Republic of Turkey. 3 February 2020. Archived from the original on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
- ↑ "Pakistan". Presidency of the Republic of Turkey. 13 February 2020. Archived from the original on 27 September 2020. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
- ↑ "Azerbaycan". Presidency of the Republic of Turkey. 25 February 2020. Archived from the original on 27 September 2020. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
- ↑ "Rusya". Presidency of the Republic of Turkey. 5 March 2020. Archived from the original on 17 January 2021. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
- ↑ "Belçika". Presidency of the Republic of Turkey. 9 March 2020. Archived from the original on 27 September 2020. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
- ↑ "Erdoğan to visit Azerbaijan to attend Nagorno-Karabakh victory parade". Daily Sabah. 3 December 2020. Archived from the original on 3 December 2020. Retrieved 4 December 2020.
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- ↑ "Turkey's Erdogan arrives at G20 in Indonesia after Istanbul blast". alarabiya news. 2 November 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
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