June 2023 Greek parliamentary election

June 2023 Greek parliamentary election
← May 2023 25 June 2023 Next →
All 300 seats in the Hellenic Parliament; 151 seats needed for a majority
	Opinion polls
Registered	9,813,595
Turnout	53.74% ( 7.36 pp)
	Results by constituency
Prime Minister before election; Ioannis Sarmas; Independent	Prime Minister after election ; Kyriakos Mitsotakis; ND

Snap parliamentary elections were held in Greece on 25 June 2023.^[1]^[2]^[3] All 300 seats in the Hellenic Parliament were contested. Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis called for the snap vote after the May 2023 elections did not result in any party gaining a majority, although his centre-right New Democracy made unanticipated gains and increased its share of the vote. As a result, no coalition government was formed by any of the parties eligible to do so.^[4]^[5]^[6]

In contrast to the May elections, the June vote used a majority bonus system, making a majority government more likely.^[7] On 25 May 2023, as required by Greece's constitution, President Katerina Sakellaropoulou appointed Ioannis Sarmas as caretaker prime minister until the formation of the next government following the elections.^[8]

New Democracy increased their number of seats in parliament, achieving a majority, while the main opposition Syriza lost seats. Minor parties Spartans, Victory, and Course of Freedom entered parliament for the first time.^[9]

Electoral system

The ballots in a polling station in Argos

The polling booth in a polling station in Argos

New Democracy has been a proponent of majority bonuses since 1974. Soon after returning to power in the 2019 parliamentary election, they passed a new electoral law to reinstate the bonus that had been eliminated by the SYRIZA-ANEL coalition government's 2016 law (which established a purely proportional system with a 3% electoral threshold), albeit under a very different formula. The party list coming first with at least 25% of the votes would receive 20 extra seats, with one more seat for every half percentage point above 25%, to a maximum of 50 extra seats at 40% (or more) of the votes. Once this bonus has been attributed, the proper proportional distribution begins for the remaining seats, which can range from 250 if one party gathered at least 40%, to 300 if no party reached 25%.^[10] This 2020 law would take effect starting from the next Greek election after the May 2023 election.

A 2019 law granted the right to vote for Greeks abroad who have lived for two years in Greece during the previous 35 years and who have submitted a tax return during the year of the election or the previous year. Voters from abroad choose the national-wide ballot of their desired party without choosing candidates, and their vote is counted equally in final results.^[11] Voting is theoretically compulsory, with voter registration being automatic,^[12] but the penalties and sanctions in place for those who do not vote are unenforced.^[13]

Contesting parties, alliances and independents

On 8 June 2023 the Supreme Court ruled that 26 political parties, 4 alliances and 2 independents had met the criteria to contest the election. Nineteen of these had also participated in the previous election. The names of the 32 entities are listed below in alphabetical order.^[14]

Main Parties

	Leader	Ideology	Slogan	English translation
ND	Kyriakos Mitsotakis	Liberal conservatism	«Σταθερά, Τολμηρά, Μπροστά»	"Steady, Boldly, Forward"
SYRIZA	Alexis Tsipras	Democratic socialism	«Δίκαιη Κοινωνία. Ευημερία για Όλους»	"Just Society. Prosperity for All"
PASOK-KINAL	Nikos Androulakis	Social democracy	«Απόφαση αλλαγής»	"Decision for change"
KKE	Dimitris Koutsoumpas	Communism	«100% Λαϊκή, Μαχητική Αντιπολίτευση»	"100% People's, Fighting Opposition"
SP	Vasilis Stigkas	Ultranationalism	«Για την πιο ισχυρή Εθνική Αντιπολίτευση»	"For the strongest National Opposition"
EL	Kyriakos Velopoulos	National conservatism	«Πρώτα η Ελλάδα, Πρώτα οι Έλληνες»	"Greece First, Greeks First"
NIKI	Dimitris Natsios	Religious conservatism	«Διεκδικούμε την Ελλάδα που μας αξίζει»	"We claim the Greece we deserve"
PE	Zoe Konstantopoulou	Progressivism	«Δώσε Ζωή στην Βουλή»	"Give Life (Zoe) to the Parliament"
M25	Yanis Varoufakis	Progressivism	«Θέλεις αυτήν τη φωνή στη Βουλή;»	"Do you want this voice on in parliament?"

Opinion polls

Results

New Democracy won 41% of the vote, which allowed it to gain 50 bonus seats. This led to New Democracy winning a majority of seats. Syriza won nearly 18% of the vote. The newly created Spartans party won 4.7% of the vote, which allowed it to enter Parliament.^[15] Overall, eight parties crossed the 3% threshold to enter Parliament. The turnout was at 54%, which was 7 pp lower than the turnout in the May election. Reacting to his party's victory, Mitsotakis said, "The people have given us a safe majority. Major reforms will go ahead quickly." According to political analyst Nick Malkoutzis, "Mitsotakis has been rewarded by voters as the leader who has led Greece out of a severe debt crisis and three international bailouts back into a growth path. Someone who has kept, at least some, of his pledges which is more than many in Greece had previously done."^[16]^[17]

Results, showing the best-placed party in each municipal unit, other than New Democracy

Largest and smallest percentages for each elected party

Results, showing the winning party in each precinct.
  ND (6419)

  SYRIZA (373)

  PASOK (330)

  KKE (77)

  Spartiates (2)

  EL (2)

  Niki (2)

  PE (1)

  PS (1)



Party		Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	New Democracy	2,115,322	40.56	158	+12
	Syriza	930,013	17.83	47	–24
	PASOK – Movement for Change	617,487	11.84	32	–9
	Communist Party of Greece	401,224	7.69	21	–5
	Spartans	243,922	4.68	12	New
	Greek Solution	231,491	4.44	12	–4
	Victory	193,124	3.70	10	+10
	Course of Freedom	165,523	3.17	8	+8
	MeRA25	130,378	2.50	0	0
	Patriotic Coalition^[a]	25,858	0.50	0	New
	Voice of Reason	22,347	0.43	0	New
	Ecologist Greens – Green Unity	21,188	0.41	0	0
	Ef Movement	17,181	0.33	0	New
	Antarsya	15,887	0.30	0	0
	Prasino & Mov	15,725	0.30	0	New
	Breath of Democracy	14,781	0.28	0	0
	Union of Centrists	14,286	0.27	0	0
	Movement of the Poor of Greece [el]	13,652	0.26	0	0
	Communist Party of Greece (Marxist–Leninist)	9,420	0.18	0	0
	Assembly of Greeks	6,408	0.12	0	0
	Marxist–Leninist Communist Party of Greece	4,250	0.08	0	0
	National Front	2,965	0.06	0	New
	Organisation of Internationalist Communists of Greece	1,374	0.03	0	0
	Organization for the Reconstruction of the KKE	1,104	0.02	0	0
	Vision of the Renaissance of Greece	132	0.00	0	New
	Panathinaikos Movement	122	0.00	0	0
	Digital Hellenism in the Whole	23	0.00	0	New
	People's European Party	17	0.00	0	New
	Republican Party of Greece – TRAMP	3	0.00	0	New
	Greek Ecologists	0	0.00	0	0
	Independents	0	0.00	0	0
Total		5,215,207	100.00	300	0

Valid votes		5,215,207	98.89
Invalid votes		32,219	0.61
Blank votes		26,273	0.50
Total votes		5,273,699	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		9,813,595	53.74
Source: Ministry of Interior

Parties' performance



New Democracy's vote share	SYRIZA's vote share	PASOK's vote share

Communist Party's vote share	Spartans' vote share	Greek Solution's vote share

Victory's vote share	Course of Freedom's vote share	MeRA25's vote share

By region

Region	ND		SYRIZA		PASOK		KKE		Spartans		EL		Victory		PE		MERA25
Region	%	S	%	S	%	S	%	S	%	S	%	S	%	S	%	S	%	S
Attica	42.81	41	18.19	12	7.77	5	9.59	10	4.37	6	3.64	6	2.86	4	3.68	6	3.24	–
Central Greece	40.27	9	17.77	3	13.14	2	7.71	1	5.17	–	4.32	–	3.22	–	3.12	–	1.99	–
Central Macedonia	38.77	25	15.25	8	10.66	3	6.40	2	5.27	2	7.65	4	6.15	3	3.51	2	2.34	–
Crete	37.27	8	19.02	1	20.76	5	5.94	1	3.77	1	2.48	–	2.31	–	2.79	–	2.51	–
Eastern Macedonia and Thrace	37.85	10	20.21	3	15.15	3	4.03	–	4.95	–	6.01	1	4.23	–	2.22	–	1.70	–
Epirus	39.60	6	23.13	3	13.42	1	7.61	–	3.62	–	2.86	–	2.63	–	2.05	–	2.06	–
Ionian Islands	38.15	4	18.24	1	12.05	1	10.65	–	4.99	–	3.03	–	2.14	–	4.74	–	2.62	–
North Aegean	40.82	3	12.98	–	15.08	2	13.19	1	3.91	–	3.70	–	2.60	–	2.43	–	1.77	–
Peloponnese	43.44	11	16.27	4	13.77	3	5.84	–	5.77	–	3.86	–	3.15	–	2.72	–	2.12	–
South Aegean	46.85	8	13.52	–	13.64	1	4.94	–	5.04	–	4.23	–	3.00	–	3.29	–	1.99	–
Thessaly	41.18	13	17.24	3	12.81	1	8.49	2	4.80	1	3.56	–	3.91	1	2.55	–	1.99	–
Western Greece	36.43	9	21.97	4	15.24	3	6.93	2	4.56	2	3.50	–	3.72	1	2.94	–	1.86	–
Western Macedonia	38.04	5	18.18	2	14.48	1	6.53	–	4.37	–	4.77	–	5.54	–	2.46	–	2.05	–
Greece	40.56	7	17.83	3	11.84	2	7.69	1	4.68	–	4.44	1	3.70	1	3.17	–	2.50	–

By constituency

Constituency	ND		SYRIZA		PASOK		KKE		Spartans		EL		Victory		PE		MERA25
Constituency	%	±	%	±	%	±	%	±	%	±	%	±	%	±	%	±	%	±
Achaea	34.04	0.09	23.20	3.81	13.70	1.28	7.57	0.77	4.19	New	3.90	0.22	4.33	0.61	3.51	0.58	2.38	0.12
Aetolia-Acarnania	38.85	0.63	21.64	4.20	14.20	0.67	7.09	0.81	5.01	New	2.81	0.30	3.96	0.93	2.23	0.50	1.60	0.09
Argolis	43.28	0.25	15.25	2.50	15.01	0.58	5.26	0.14	5.39	New	3.87	0.23	3.43	0.58	2.52	0.24	2.47	0.46
Arcadia	41.51	0.78	16.86	2.28	16.28	1.56	6.50	0.06	4.47	New	3.67	0.46	2.86	0.84	2.84	0.64	1.85	0.12
Arta	37.50	0.86	28.94	2.81	10.84	0.12	7.65	0.15	3.58	New	2.62	0.21	2.36	0.45	1.79	0.29	2.10	0.32
Athens A	43.27	1.09	19.97	2.58	6.86	0.16	8.90	0.30	4.22	New	2.95	0.07	2.63	0.67	3.39	0.04	4.03	0.43
Athens B1 – North Athens	47.32	1.30	16.95	1.81	7.64	0.24	8.98	0.35	3.08	New	2.64	0.05	2.73	0.66	3.42	0.24	3.71	0.21
Athens B2 – West Athens	34.66	0.20	21.13	1.60	8.92	0.12	12.14	0.74	5.02	New	4.02	0.07	2.81	0.57	4.05	0.04	3.05	0.27
Athens B3 – South Athens	42.32	0.76	18.66	1.88	7.91	0.37	10.17	0.49	3.76	New	3.35	0.01	2.73	0.67	3.68	0.24	3.57	0.16
East Attica	46.66	1.15	17.62	0.00	8.00	0.15	7.19	0.33	4.88	New	4.60	0.29	3.18	0.84	3.63	0.31	2.60	0.14
West Attica	39.74	2.16	15.83	2.37	8.04	0.61	10.11	0.98	7.61	New	5.95	0.74	3.44	0.88	3.15	0.06	1.87	0.32
Boeotia	37.12	0.14	18.31	2.54	14.07	0.10	8.89	0.01	5.37	New	4.35	0.35	3.42	0.79	3.12	0.30	2.05	0.22
Cephalonia	38.15	1.48	19.69	6.39	10.44	0.70	12.36	1.41	4.90	New	2.92	0.00	1.96	0.90	3.86	0.33	1.96	0.77
Chalkidiki	39.54	0.38	13.70	1.57	14.52	0.47	4.67	0.08	5.55	New	6.30	0.49	6.56	1.17	3.13	0.19	2.16	0.55
Chania	40.52	0.63	18.44	2.20	11.21	0.29	8.42	1.23	4.64	New	3.10	0.37	2.73	0.79	3.71	0.71	3.05	0.23
Chios	46.49	0.35	10.52	1.84	19.89	0.59	6.67	0.11	3.59	New	2.97	0.04	2.48	0.76	2.40	0.16	1.80	0.43
Corfu	36.74	0.34	18.56	1.43	12.06	0.26	8.74	0.08	5.36	New	3.34	0.03	2.38	0.62	6.39	1.30	2.98	0.17
Corinthia	41.83	0.23	17.27	2.58	13.66	0.48	4.37	0.23	5.64	New	4.26	0.29	4.39	0.81	3.16	0.41	2.32	0.14
Cyclades	46.68	0.87	14.14	1.81	12.44	1.16	5.74	0.11	3.99	New	3.93	0.29	2.96	0.72	3.75	0.88	2.59	0.29
Dodecanese	46.97	2.96	13.07	1.82	14.52	1.10	4.34	0.34	5.81	New	4.46	0.16	3.03	0.81	2.95	0.15	1.56	0.27
Drama	39.39	0.02	13.27	0.62	15.25	1.68	4.07	0.14	6.01	New	6.83	0.07	6.33	1.00	2.98	0.06	2.03	0.08
Elis	37.45	0.24	20.13	3.78	19.74	0.45	5.48	0.48	4.59	New	3.77	0.41	2.20	0.68	2.88	0.76	1.27	0.11
Euboea	38.63	1.47	17.77	1.08	12.99	2.24	7.64	0.50	5.30	New	4.89	0.33	3.21	0.95	3.89	0.47	2.18	0.30
Evros	44.18	0.87	15.00	3.67	12.56	0.22	3.78	0.10	5.46	New	8.72	0.00	3.47	0.65	1.76	0.12	1.38	0.23
Evrytania	41.22	3.95	19.51	3.31	15.98	4.74	5.38	0.10	3.79	New	3.05	0.14	4.43	1.22	2.49	0.94	1.76	0.03
Florina	34.42	3.70	21.81	2.93	15.12	2.00	5.65	0.76	4.31	New	5.13	0.42	5.37	1.35	2.34	0.29	1.93	0.41
Grevena	39.81	4.50	17.98	3.87	16.47	3.50	8.12	1.24	4.19	New	3.80	0.89	3.37	0.87	2.10	0.44	1.58	0.06
Heraklion	35.16	0.31	20.52	2.41	22.98	1.17	5.50	0.38	3.77	New	2.23	0.02	2.03	0.69	2.44	0.68	2.51	0.39
Imathia	39.18	1.69	14.73	2.92	11.75	0.42	5.98	0.17	5.81	New	8.21	0.40	5.48	0.91	3.14	0.31	1.79	0.15
Ioannina	38.71	0.78	22.42	1.94	13.53	0.98	8.01	0.86	3.49	New	3.06	0.11	3.16	0.68	2.18	0.44	2.20	0.05
Karditsa	43.09	3.29	16.67	3.14	16.58	2.88	7.51	0.24	4.88	New	2.82	0.11	2.74	0.86	1.71	0.18	1.34	0.16
Kastoria	44.79	2.05	16.61	4.39	11.52	2.91	4.09	0.28	4.78	New	5.32	0.26	4.99	1.08	2.39	0.22	2.33	0.18
Kavala	42.69	0.96	14.15	2.01	12.38	1.05	5.58	0.27	5.43	New	5.40	0.03	5.53	1.16	2.86	0.28	2.08	0.35
Kilkis	39.63	0.98	12.63	1.02	14.32	3.02	6.69	0.25	5.50	New	7.13	0.20	6.98	1.73	2.57	0.11	1.61	0.21
Kozani	36.69	1.94	17.48	3.26	14.75	1.54	7.26	1.13	4.30	New	4.69	0.21	6.27	1.38	2.61	0.36	2.11	0.15
Laconia	47.83	1.95	12.80	1.02	14.77	0.44	5.06	0.11	7.48	New	3.51	0.38	2.25	0.56	2.38	0.22	1.41	0.25
Larissa	39.35	0.88	17.53	2.30	12.25	0.34	9.29	0.69	5.13	New	3.88	0.14	4.10	0.79	2.57	0.44	2.05	0.45
Lasithi	39.75	0.23	14.62	3.14	25.58	4.10	4.76	0.08	2.94	New	2.57	0.21	2.08	0.47	2.52	0.29	2.36	0.34
Lefkada	41.71	0.72	17.52	2.40	12.39	0.39	11.80	0.40	3.46	New	1.98	0.34	1.91	0.45	2.71	0.58	2.92	0.39
Lesbos	39.81	0.70	13.49	2.43	14.69	0.15	14.64	1.64	4.11	New	3.47	0.05	2.84	0.68	2.06	0.29	1.46	0.38
Magnesia	42.39	1.20	17.25	1.99	9.37	1.27	7.90	0.68	4.90	New	4.09	0.04	4.04	0.91	3.67	0.13	2.62	0.19
Messenia	43.71	0.56	17.50	3.48	11.14	0.17	7.44	0.69	5.96	New	3.81	0.17	2.59	0.58	2.57	0.48	2.28	0.17
Pella	38.41	2.64	18.40	0.62	12.49	0.58	3.75	0.02	5.13	New	7.65	0.55	7.15	1.02	2.65	0.21	1.29	0.24
Phocis	44.65	1.58	16.10	3.21	11.60	1.78	8.09	0.08	4.58	New	3.65	0.52	2.77	0.87	3.11	0.71	2.20	0.27
Phthiotis	43.30	0.75	17.57	3.30	12.68	1.31	7.24	0.42	5.21	New	3.91	0.03	3.05	0.69	2.22	0.16	1.67	0.17
Pieria	38.80	2.29	13.63	1.70	13.11	0.67	5.13	0.07	5.56	New	7.00	0.56	9.26	1.80	2.63	0.19	1.67	0.39
Piraeus A	47.27	1.28	16.58	1.61	6.70	0.77	8.02	0.58	4.57	New	3.54	0.04	3.08	0.82	3.92	0.31	2.57	0.00
Piraeus B	37.24	0.20	19.36	1.39	7.60	0.19	11.49	0.66	5.60	New	4.53	0.17	3.01	0.67	4.41	0.13	2.54	0.39
Preveza	41.58	0.61	20.95	2.49	15.01	1.12	7.92	0.53	3.78	New	2.64	0.30	1.83	0.58	1.89	0.35	1.84	0.03
Rethymno	36.67	0.43	18.71	2.32	25.71	4.24	4.08	0.36	2.99	New	2.20	0.10	2.78	0.32	2.63	0.22	1.69	0.33
Rhodope	28.89	1.83	33.60	0.42	19.00	3.63	3.16	0.39	3.13	New	4.13	0.07	2.65	0.78	1.34	0.23	1.42	0.56
Samos	36.05	0.47	14.88	2.71	9.93	1.00	17.69	1.17	3.85	New	5.18	0.97	2.17	0.73	3.35	0.84	2.44	0.00
Serres	45.64	1.34	12.88	1.90	11.45	0.53	5.02	0.24	5.17	New	7.24	0.27	4.69	0.59	2.60	0.23	1.68	0.18
Thesprotia	43.33	0.67	19.13	3.54	15.07	0.30	5.83	0.34	3.86	New	2.89	0.31	2.34	0.58	2.21	0.48	1.77	0.04
Thessaloniki A	35.28	1.13	17.52	2.18	8.14	0.20	8.17	0.73	5.03	New	7.97	0.38	5.36	0.78	4.44	0.08	3.36	0.04
Thessaloniki B	40.11	0.04	13.58	1.57	9.85	0.32	6.62	0.42	5.29	New	7.95	0.02	6.49	0.86	3.78	0.11	2.27	0.18
Trikala	41.40	3.61	17.18	2.91	14.86	2.68	8.60	1.00	3.97	New	2.94	0.29	4.44	1.09	1.85	0.40	1.64	0.20
Xanthi	30.32	5.57	28.49	1.95	18.36	0.10	3.22	0.38	4.40	New	3.98	0.04	3.16	0.37	2.19	0.54	1.62	0.30
Zakynthos	39.21	1.75	16.40	4.50	13.47	2.60	12.82	2.01	5.17	New	2.88	0.38	1.87	0.33	2.92	0.93	2.22	0.17

Notes

↑ Coalition of Patriotic Force – Prodromos Emfietzoglou, Patriotic Force for Change, K21, ELXA, TOLMA and other smaller parties.

References

↑ "Senior judge to lead Greek caretaker government until fresh June election". The Guardian. 24 May 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
↑ "Οριστικά σε νέες εκλογές στις 25 Ιουνίου οδηγείται η χώρα". Tvxs.gr. 22 February 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
↑ "Ολοταχώς για νέες εκλογές στις 25 Ιουνίου – Ο Μητσοτάκης θα επιστρέψει το απόγευμα τη διερευνητική εντολή". www.ieidiseis.gr. 22 May 2023.
↑ Paphitis, Nicholas. "Greece faces new election in weeks, after center right triumphs but falls short of majority". ABC News.
↑ "Greek voters face new election in June as New Democracy seeks majority". euronews. 21 May 2023.
↑ "Mitsotakis calls for second Greek election, possibly on June 25". POLITICO. 22 May 2023. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
↑ "Greece's prime minister wins an election, but lacks a majority". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 7 June 2023.
↑ Papadimas, Lefteris (25 May 2023). "Greece appoints caretaker PM ahead of June repeat election". Reuters. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
↑ Boutri, Alexandra (30 June 2023). "Greek Left Leaders Betrayed the Working Class. Conservatives Won a Landslide". Truthout. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
↑ "Parliament votes to change election law". www.ekathimerini.com. 24 January 2020. Archived from the original on 25 January 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
↑ "Με συντριπτική πλειοψηφία το νομοσχέδιο για την ψήφο των αποδήμων". kathimerini.gr. 12 December 2019. Archived from the original on 22 December 2022. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
↑ "Constitution of Greece" (PDF). Hellenic Parliament. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 5 November 2011. Article 51, Clause 5: The exercise of the right to vote is compulsory.
↑ Υποχρεωτική η ψήφος αλλά "παγωμένες" οι κυρώσεις [Voting is mandatory, but penalties "frozen"]. Eleftherotypia (in Greek). Retrieved 7 November 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
↑ "Εκλογές 25ης Ιουνίου: Ποιους "έκοψε" ο Άρειος Πάγος – Τα κόμματα που πήραν πράσινο φως". www.naftemporiki.gr. 8 June 2023. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
↑ Smith, Helena (26 June 2023). "Greek voters propel new far-right Spartans group into parliament". the Guardian. Retrieved 16 August 2023.
↑ Kirby, Paul (25 June 2023). "Greek elections: Mitsotakis hails conservative win as mandate for reform" – via www.bbc.com.
↑ Labropoulou, Elinda (25 June 2023). "Greek prime minister earns resounding electoral win, as far right makes gains". CNN.

[18] Coalition of Patriotic Force – Prodromos Emfietzoglou, Patriotic Force for Change, K21, ELXA, TOLMA and other smaller parties.

[1] "Senior judge to lead Greek caretaker government until fresh June election". The Guardian. 24 May 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2023.

[2] "Οριστικά σε νέες εκλογές στις 25 Ιουνίου οδηγείται η χώρα". Tvxs.gr. 22 February 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2023.

[3] "Ολοταχώς για νέες εκλογές στις 25 Ιουνίου – Ο Μητσοτάκης θα επιστρέψει το απόγευμα τη διερευνητική εντολή". www.ieidiseis.gr. 22 May 2023.

[4] Paphitis, Nicholas. "Greece faces new election in weeks, after center right triumphs but falls short of majority". ABC News.

[5] "Greek voters face new election in June as New Democracy seeks majority". euronews. 21 May 2023.

[6] "Mitsotakis calls for second Greek election, possibly on June 25". POLITICO. 22 May 2023. Retrieved 22 May 2023.

[7] "Greece's prime minister wins an election, but lacks a majority". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 7 June 2023.

[8] Papadimas, Lefteris (25 May 2023). "Greece appoints caretaker PM ahead of June repeat election". Reuters. Retrieved 25 May 2023.

[9] Boutri, Alexandra (30 June 2023). "Greek Left Leaders Betrayed the Working Class. Conservatives Won a Landslide". Truthout. Retrieved 2 July 2023.

[10] "Parliament votes to change election law". www.ekathimerini.com. 24 January 2020. Archived from the original on 25 January 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2020.

[11] "Με συντριπτική πλειοψηφία το νομοσχέδιο για την ψήφο των αποδήμων". kathimerini.gr. 12 December 2019. Archived from the original on 22 December 2022. Retrieved 21 May 2023.

[12] "Constitution of Greece" (PDF). Hellenic Parliament. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 5 November 2011. Article 51, Clause 5: The exercise of the right to vote is compulsory.

[13] Υποχρεωτική η ψήφος αλλά "παγωμένες" οι κυρώσεις [Voting is mandatory, but penalties "frozen"]. Eleftherotypia (in Greek). Retrieved 7 November 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)

[14] "Εκλογές 25ης Ιουνίου: Ποιους "έκοψε" ο Άρειος Πάγος – Τα κόμματα που πήραν πράσινο φως". www.naftemporiki.gr. 8 June 2023. Retrieved 11 June 2023.

[15] Smith, Helena (26 June 2023). "Greek voters propel new far-right Spartans group into parliament". the Guardian. Retrieved 16 August 2023.

[16] Kirby, Paul (25 June 2023). "Greek elections: Mitsotakis hails conservative win as mandate for reform" – via www.bbc.com.

[17] Labropoulou, Elinda (25 June 2023). "Greek prime minister earns resounding electoral win, as far right makes gains". CNN.

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