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Chrysojasminum fruticans

(Redirected from Jasminum fruticans)

Chrysojasminum fruticans (syn. Jasminum fruticans), known as the wild jasmine or common yellow jasmine, is a species of flowering plant in the family Oleaceae, native to the Mediterranean region and the Middle East as far as northern Iran.[1] It is the only native jasmineae species in Europe.[2] It is a semi-evergreen shrub with yellow flowers and black berries.[3]

Chrysojasminum fruticans
Close-up of flower
Habit
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Embryophytes
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Spermatophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Oleaceae
Genus: Chrysojasminum
Species:
C. fruticans
Binomial name
Chrysojasminum fruticans
Synonyms[1]
List
    • Jasminum collinum Salisb.
    • Jasminum frutescens Gueldenst.
    • Jasminum fruticans L.
    • Jasminum fruticans var. mariae (Sennen & Mauricio) Sennen & Mauricio
    • Jasminum fruticans subsp. mariae (Sennen & Mauricio) Sennen & Mauricio
    • Jasminum fruticans var. simplicifolium Stokes
    • Jasminum fruticans var. speciosum E.Rev. & Debeaux
    • Jasminum fruticans var. syriacum (Boiss. & Gaill.) Hayek
    • Jasminum fruticosum Willd.
    • Jasminum heterophyllum Moench
    • Jasminum humile Gueldenst.
    • Jasminum luteum Gueldenst.
    • Jasminum mariae Sennen & Mauricio
    • Jasminum syriacum Boiss. & Gaill.

Description

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Alternate, trifoliate leaves and yellow flowers, about 15 mm long.[4][5] The flowers are typically in clusters at the end of the branches, 2 to 4 flowers per cluster.[6] The flowers produce nectar and they have been reported to last 3 days. The plan fruits in autumn; the berry is small (0.5 - 0.8 cm in diameter), round and black.[5][6][2]

Floral Morphology & Reproduction

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This species is known to display heterostyly, with two different morphs: short-styled (short style & long stamens) & long-styled (long style & short stamens).[5][7]

A diagram showing the reproductive parts of both flower morphs.

The plant commonly spreads clonally, through its rhizomes. The plants are self-incompatible (cannot self pollinate) and within-morph incompatible (pollination within the same morph does not produce viable seed).[7]

Uses

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The wild jasmine is commonly used as an ornamental shrub.[6] It is listed as non-toxic for cats and dogs.[8]

Ecology

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This species is typically found in calcareous soils.[5]

Red deer showed a high preference for this species in a foraging study.[9] Iberian ibexes have also been found feeding on this species.[10]

Wild jasmine is visited by a wide range of pollinators, including Hymenoptera (such as bees), Diptera (such as bee-flies) and Lepidoptera (such as hawkmoths). No difference was found in the visitation rate of pollinators based on the flower morph.[11]

Paper wasps (Polistes gallicus) have been found to nest in wild jasmines.[12] Wild jasmines are one of the three host species of the olive leaf moth, Palpita unionalis.[13]

Cultural Significance

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  • The wild jasmine is mentioned as a medicinal plant in one of Al-Biruni's works.[14]
  • The plant appears in 9 traditional songs of Castilla y Leon.[15]
  • The flowers are a motif in Turkish traditional silk based needlework.[16]
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References

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  1. 1 2 "Chrysojasminum fruticans (L.) Banfi". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 8 June 2023.
  2. 1 2 Puyoou, Aurore; Gryta, Hervé; Fuchs, Anne-Laure; Blanchard, Pierrick; Cheptou, Pierre-Olivier; Civeyrel, Laure; Dufay, Mathilde; Dupin, Julia; Jargeat, Patricia; Lecompte, Emilie; Besnard, Guillaume (2023-08-17). "Limitation of gene flow by distance in the common yellow jasmine (Chrysojasminum fruticans, Oleaceae): implications for the study of its mating strategies". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 204 (1): 23–34. doi:10.1093/botlinnean/boad035. ISSN 0024-4074.
  3. ↑ "Jasminum fruticans common yellow jasmine". The Royal Horticultural Society. 2023. Retrieved 9 June 2023. Other common names; make-bate ... 8 suppliers
  4. ↑ Banfi, Enrico (2014-08-01). "Chrysojasminum, a new genus for Jasminum sect. Alternifolia (Oleaceae, Jasmineae)". Natural History Sciences. 1 (1): 3. doi:10.4081/nhs.2014.54. ISSN 2385-0922.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Guitián, Javier; Guitián, Pablo; Medrano, Monica (June 1998). "Floral biology of the distylous Mediterranean shrub Jasminum fruticans (Oleaceae)". Nordic Journal of Botany. 18 (2): 195–201. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.1998.tb01870.x. ISSN 0107-055X.
  6. 1 2 3 Bussmann, Rainer W.; Paniagua-Zambrana, Narel Y. (2025), "Chrysojasminum fruticans (L.) Banif. Oleaceae", Ethnobotany of Mountain Regions, Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, pp. 1561–1565, ISBN 978-3-031-91368-6, retrieved 2026-04-26
  7. 1 2 Thompson, John D.; Dommée, Bertrand (2000-11-27). "Morph‐specific patterns of variation in stigma height in natural populations of distylous Jasminum fruticans". New Phytologist. 148 (2): 303–314. doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.2000.00765.x. ISSN 0028-646X.
  8. ↑ Means, Charlotte (2025-06-19), "Appendix 3: Plants Not Reported to be Toxic", in Wismer, Tina (ed.), Small Animal Toxicology Essentials (1 ed.), Wiley, pp. 373–379, doi:10.1002/9781394180141.app3, ISBN 978-1-394-18011-0, retrieved 2026-04-26
  9. ↑ Paton, D.; Nuñez, J.; Bao, D.; Muñoz, A. (October 2002). "Forage biomass of 22 shrub species from Monfragüe Natural Park (SW Spain) assessed by log–log regression models". Journal of Arid Environments. 52 (2): 223–231. doi:10.1006/jare.2001.0993. ISSN 0140-1963.
  10. ↑ Martinez, Teodora; Martinez, Encarnación; Fandos, Paulino (1985-12-20). "Composition of the food of the Spanish Wild Goat in Sierras de Cazorla and Segura, Spain". Acta Theriologica. 30: 461–494. doi:10.4098/at.arch.85-31. ISSN 0001-7051.
  11. ↑ Thompson, J. D. (1 February 2001). "How do visitation patterns vary among pollinators in relation to floral display and floral design in a generalist pollination system?". Oecologia. 126 (3): 386–394. doi:10.1007/s004420000531. ISSN 0029-8549.
  12. ↑ PEREZ-BOTE, Jose Luis; MORA-RUBIO, Carlos; LOPEZ MARTINEZ, Josefa; RODRIGUEZ RIANO, Tomas (2020-05-13). "Nesting ecology of Polistes gallicus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in South-Western Spain". European Journal of Entomology. 117: 243–251. doi:10.14411/eje.2020.026. ISSN 1210-5759.
  13. ↑ Kumral, N. A. "Life tables of the olive leaf moth Palpita unionalis (Hübner)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), on different host plants". Journal of Biological and Environmental Sciences. 1 (3).
  14. ↑ Tayjanov, Karimjon; Khojimatov, Olim; Gaffrov, Yusufjon; Makhkamov, Trobjon; Bussmann, Rainer W; Normakhamatov, Nodirali (2021-12-25). "Plants and fungi in the ethnomedicine of the medieval East - a review". Ethnobotany Research and Applications. 22. doi:10.32859/era.22.46.1-20. ISSN 1547-3465.
  15. ↑ Cardaño, M.; Herrero, Baudilio (2014-11-24). "Plants in the Songbooks of Castilla y León, Spain". Ethnobotany Research and Applications. 12: 535. doi:10.17348/era.12.0.535-549. ISSN 1547-3465.
  16. ↑ Dogan, Yunus. "Plant patterns of silk based needlework, a traditional handcraft in Turkey" (PDF). Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge. 9 (4).
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