Hydrazine nitrate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula [N2H5]NO3. It is a colorless crystalline solid. It is the hydrazine salt of nitric acid. It consists of hydrazinium cations [H2N−NH3]+ and nitrate anions NO−3. It has usage in liquid explosives as an oxidizer. It exists in two crystalline forms, stable α-type and unstable β-type. The former is usually used in explosives. Its solubility is small in alcohols but large in water and hydrazine. It has strong hygroscopicity, only slightly lower than ammonium nitrate.[1]
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| Names | |
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| Other names
Hydrazinium nitrate | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) |
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| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.033.341 |
PubChem CID |
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |
| [N2H5]NO3 | |
| Molar mass | 95.058 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Colorless crystalline solid |
| Density | 1.64 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 72°C |
| Soluble in water | |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling: | |
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| Danger | |
| H301, H311, H317, H330, H331, H350, H410 | |
| P203, P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P318, P320, P321, P330, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, P501 | |
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Other anions |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Hydrazine nitrate has a good thermal stability. Its weight loss rate at 100 °C is slower than that of ammonium nitrate. Its explosion point is 307 °C (50% detonation) and explosion heat is about 3.829 MJ/kg. Because it has no carbon elements, the detonation products are not solid and their average molecular weight is small.[1]
Production
editHydrazine nitrate is produced by the reaction of hydrazine and nitric acid:[2]
- N2H4 + HNO3 → [N2H5]NO3
References
edit- 1 2 Liu, Jiping (2015). Liquid Explosives. Springer. p. 6. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-45847-1. ISBN 9783662458464.
- ↑ Karraker, D. G. (1981). Cu(II) - Catalyzed Hydrazine Reduction of Ferric Nitrate (PDF) (Technical report). United States Department of Energy. doi:10.2172/5658572. OSTI 5658572.
Further reading
edit- Schmidt, Eckart W. (2022). "Hydrazinium Salt Oxidizers". Encyclopedia of Oxidizers. De Gruyter. pp. 1009–1051. doi:10.1515/9783110750294-009. ISBN 978-3-11-075029-4.