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Roads in Ghana

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Roads in Ghana form a network of varied quality and capacity. Responsibility for the road network differs between trunk and non-trunk routes. Trunk roads, which are the most important roads, are administered by the Ghana Highway Authority, which was established in 1974 to develop the trunk road network. Ghana has a total road network of 94,203 km of which 27% is paved with 73% unpaved.[1][2][3]

National highway network

The Department of Feeder Roads is responsible for the construction and maintenance of feeder roads in Ghana, while responsibility for urban roads lies with the Department of Urban Roads.[4] In the 18th and 19th centuries, the Ashanti Empire constructed a complex network of roads to link Kumasi with their territories in modern Ghana. For John Thornton, these roads improved transportation across the region by the 19th century.[5]

Road distances are shown in kilometers and Ghana speed limits are indicated in kilometers per hour (km/h). Generally, speed limits range from 30 to 50 km/h (20 to 30 mph) in urban areas, 80 km/h (50 mph) on Regional and Inter-Regional highways (R and IR routes), 90 km/h (55 mph) on National highways (N routes) and 100 km/h (60 mph) on motorways.[6]

Classification

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Trunk roads in Ghana are classified as N for National routes, R for Regional routes, and IR for Inter-Regional routes. Each road is given a number which is combined with the prefix, for example N1, R40 and IR11, although their informal or traditional names may still be used or heard occasionally: for instance the Accra - Kumasi Road (now part of the N6).

National routes

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National routes in Ghana are a class of roads and highways that form the trunk routes between major urban centers. Together, they form the backbone of the road system. This category of roads is designated with the letter N followed by a number indicating the specific route.[7] Odd-numbered routes run east to west, while even-numbered routes run north to south.

List of routes

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AS Ashanti Region, BA Brong-Ahafo Region, CR Central Region, ER Eastern Region, GR Greater Accra Region, NR Northern Region, UE Upper East Region, UW Upper West Region, VR Volta Region, WR Western Region

NumberRouteLength (km)Length (mi)
N1Elubo (N12) - Mpataba (R19) - Esiama (R88) - Abra (R86) - Agona (R84) - Sekondi-Takoradi - Cape Coast (R82) - Yamoransa (N8) - Saltpond (R80) - Mankessim (IR1) - Apam Junction (R62) - Ojobi Junction (R17) - Winneba (IR2) - Nyanyano (R15) - Accra (N6) - Tetteh Quarshie Interchange, Accra (N4), Dawhenya (R13) - Sege (R18) - Kase (R11) - Dabala (R16) - Akatsi (R12, R14) - Denu (R11) - Aflao 540340
N2Tema (N1) - Asikuma - Kpong (N3) - Adomi (N5) - Have-Etoe (R26) - Fume (R28) - Golokwati (IR7) - Hohoe (R10) - Jasikan (R23) - Kadjebi (R25) - Nkwanta (R27) - Nakpayili (R202) - Bimbila (R29) - Pusuga (N9) - Yendi (R201, R204) - Sakpeigu (N14) - Gushiegu (R107, R110) - Nyakpanduri (IR11) - Bawku (N11) - Kulungugu 640400
N3Kpong (N2) - Somanya (R30) - Oterkpalu (IR3) - Koforidua (R42) 4025
N4Accra (N1) - Adenta (R40) - Mamfe (R22) - Koforidua (R42) - Asokore (R41) - Bunso (N6, R32) 11068
N5Adome (N2) - Juapong - Ho (R10, R26, R55) 4025
N6Accra (N1) - Nsawam (IR1) - Suhum (R41) - Apedwa (R60) - Bunso (N4) - Anyinam (R61) - Nkawkaw (IR3) - Juaso (IR2) - Konongo (R76) - Bomfa (R87) - Ejisu (R104) - Kumasi (IR4, IR5, N10, R108, R52) 250160
N7Sawla (N12) - Larabanga - Fufulsu (N10) 14087
N8Yamoransa (N1) - Dunkwa - Fomena - Bekwai - Kumasi (N6, N10) 170110
N9Tamale (N10) - Jimle - Yendi (N2) 10062
N10Kumasi (N6, N8)- Techiman - Tamale (N9) - Bolgatanga (N11) - Paga 610380
N11Bolgatanga (N10) - Zebilla - Bawku (N2) - Bimpiela 10062
N12Elubo (N1) - Enchi - Sunyani - Bamboi - Wa - Lawra - Hamile 670420
N13Lawra - Tumu - Navrongo 180110
N14Sakpeigu - Cheperoni - Yawgu 12075
N16Tumu - Kapulima 2012
N18Wa - Han 7949

Inter-regional routes

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Inter-Regional routes, designated with the prefix IR, connect major settlements and regional capitals across regional borders. Running east to west are odd-numbered routes, while north-south routes are even-numbered.

List of routes

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AS Ashanti Region, BA Brong-Ahafo Region, CR Central Region, ER Eastern Region, GR Greater Accra Region, NR Northern Region, UE Upper East Region, UW Upper West Region, VR Volta Region, WR Western Region

NumberRoute
IR1Aburi, ER - Mankessim, CR
IR2Winneba, CR - Juaso, AS
IR3Obuasi, AS - Oterkpalu, ER
IR4Kumasi, AS - Chambuligu, NR
IR5Osei Kojokrom, WR - Abuakwa, AS
IR6Agona, WR - Ayanfuri, CR
IR7Kame, VR - Nkonsia, ER
IR8Dunkwa, CR - Kyeremaso, BA
IR9Prang, BA - Berekum, BA
IR10Busunu, NR - Chuchuliga, UE
IR11Yawgu, NR - Pala, UW
IR12Elubo, WR - Hamile, UWR

Regional routes

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Regional routes are a mix of primary and secondary routes that link major settlements and serve as feeder roads to the National route network. Major regional routes are designated with the letter R followed by a two-digit number, while Minor regional routes are designated with the letter R followed by a three-digit number.

Designation as a Regional route does not imply that a road is maintained by a regional authority; some parts of the Regional route network are maintained by the Ghana Highway Authority, and parts in cities and towns may be ordinary streets maintained by the Department of Urban Roads and the Department of Feeder Roads. Regional routes vary in quality and size from dirt roads to multi-lane paved highways.

Major regional routes

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Major regional routes are the second category of road in the Ghana trunk road network. They serve as feeder roads to the national route network, and are the primary trunk roads in areas where there is no national route.

List of routes
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AS Ashanti Region, BA Brong-Ahafo Region, CR Central Region, ER Eastern Region, GR Greater Accra Region, NR Northern Region, UE Upper East Region, UW Upper West Region, VR Volta Region, WR Western Region

NumberRoute
R10Denu, VR – Ho, VR
R11Kasseh, VR – Denu, VR
R12Akatsi, VR – Akanu, VR
R13Akplabanya, GR - Dodowa, GR
R14Akatsi, VR – Ziope, VR
R15Nyanyano, CR – Bawjiase, CR
R16Srogbe, VR – Dabala, VR
R17Ojobi, CR – Senya-Beraku, CT
R18Akplabanya - Battor
R19Mpataba, WR – Jewi Wharf, WR
R20Ashaiman - Dodowa
R21Atimpoku, ER – Akosombo, ER
R22Doryum - Mamfe
R23Jasikan, VR – Worawora, VR
R24Frankadua, VR – Adidome, VR
R25Kadjebi, VR – Apesokubi, VR
R26Have, VR – Borae, VR
R27Nkwanta, WR – Dambai, NR
R28Fume, VR – Sogakope, VR
R29Zabzugu, NR - Salaga, NR
R30Adukrom, WR – Konongo-Odumase, AS
R31Seems not to exist
R32Begoro, ER – Dominase, ER
R33Seems not to exist
R34Begoro - Agogo
R35Seems not to exist
R36New Edubiase, AS – Saponso, AS
R37Seems not to exist
R38Agyenkwaso, AS - Gyadem, AS
R39Seems not to exist
R40Accra, GR - Somanya, ER
R41Effiduase - Assinmanso
R42Mamfe, ER – Nkurakan, ER
R43Juansa, AS – Offinso, AS
R44Agogo, AS – Jema, BA
R45Aframso, AS – Sekyedumase, AS
R46Seems not to exist
R47Kwadwokrom, BA – Nkoranza, BA
R48Seems not to exist
R49Kpandae, NR – Salaga, NR
R50Ho, VR – Dzelukope, VR
R52Kumasi, AS – New Offinso, AS
R54Ohiyeanisa, WR – Drobo, BA
R60Apedwa, ER – Bunso, ER
R61Anyinam, ER – Kade, ER
R62Apam, CR – Kade, ER
R63Tepa, BA – Goase, BA
R64Adaiso, ER – Obogu, AS
R65Mankraso, AS – Tepa, AS
R66Bechem, BA – Akumadan, AS
R68Berekum, BA – Nkawkaw, BA
R70Golokwati, VR – Hohoe, VR
R71Techiman, BA – Buoku, BA
R72Ekyiaenfokrom, ER – New Kyease, ER
R74Surukrom, AS – Kwame Danso, BA
R76Konongo, AS – Atebubu, BA
R80Saltpond, CR – Abura Dunkwa, CR
R81Assin Foso, CR – Insu, WR
R82Cape Coast, CR – Twifo Praso, CR
R83Asubua, CR – Dunkwa, CR
R84Discove, WR – Agona, WR
R85Busuta, WR – Busua, WR
R86Princess Town, WR – Abra, WR
R87Bomfa, AS – Bekwai, AS
R88Esiama, WR – Anibil, WR
R90Tamale, NR – Karaga, NR
R91Nanton, NR – Kunbungu, NR
R92Tamale, NR – Mankarigu, NR
R93Wenchi, BA – Sampa, WR
R94Menji, BA – Banda Nkwanta, NR

Minor regional routes

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Minor Regional Routes are the third category of road in the Ghana trunk road network. They serve as feeder roads connecting smaller towns to the national and major regional route network.

List of routes
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AS Ashanti Region, BA Brong-Ahafo Region, CR Central Region, ER Eastern Region, GR Greater Accra Region, NR Northern Region, UE Upper East Region, UW Upper West Region, VR Volta Region, WR Western Region

NumberRoute
R100Atobiase, WR – Nyenase, CR
R101Essamam, WR – Tarkwa, WR
R103Obuasi, AS – Apowa, WR
R104Bekwai, AS – Kumawu, AS
R105Awiankwanta, AS – Adumasa, AS
R106Kumasi, AS – Abono, AS
R107Gushiegu, NR – Pigu, NR
R108Manso Nkwanta, AS – Toase, AS
R109Tamale, NR – Daboya, NR
R110Gushiegu, NR – Nalerigu, NR
R113Naga, UE – Wiagayisoaso, UE
R114Bolgatanga, UE – Feo, UE
R116Wulugu, NR – Navrongo, UE
R121Tarkwa, WR – Akyemfo, WR
R122Samreboi, WR – Asankragwa, WR
R123Bawdie, WR – Enchi, WR
R124Asankragwa, WR – Humjibre, WR
R125Diaso, WR – Juabeso, WR
R126Dadieso, WR – Buako, WR
R127Asawinso, WR – Sefwi Bekwai, WR
R128Hwidiem, BA – Atroni, BA
R129Kramokrom, WR – New Debiso, WR
R131Tumu, UW – Hamile, UW
R132Nadowli, UW – Nandom, UW
R158Winkogo, UE – Nangodi, UE
R180Yala, UW – Wahabu, UW
R181Sanadema, UE – Fian, UW
R182Walembele, UW – Tumu, UW
R184Hian, UW – Gbal, UW
R201Tatali, NR – Tamale, NR
R202Ketekrachi, VR – Nakpayili, NR
R204Yendi, NR – Chereponi, NR

Signage

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N6 route marker
A typical directional sign on a highway in Ghana

Signage on the Ghana network conforms broadly to international norms. All length distances are shown in kilometers, speed is in kilometers per hour, whilst height and width restrictions are shown in meters. Signs may be of an informative, warning or instructional nature. Instructional signs are generally circular, warnings are triangular, and informative signs are rectangular or square. Informative signs, which include directional signs, use white text on a blue background.

See also

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References

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  1. ↑ "We'll build better, safer roads in Ghana – Roads Minister". Ministry of Roads & Highways. 2023-04-28. Retrieved 2025-08-31.
  2. ↑ "Ghana - 2.3 Road Network". Logistics Cluster. Retrieved 2025-08-31.
  3. ↑ Ghartey, Raphael (2022-03-31). "Roads Ministry confirms construction of 10,875km of new road under Akufo-Addo". Myjoyonline. Retrieved 2025-08-31.
  4. ↑ "Welcome to the Ministry of Roads and Highways - Ghana". Archived from the original on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2015-03-08.
  5. ↑ Thornton, John Kelly (1999). Warfare in Atlantic Africa, 1500-1800. Routledge. p. 73. ISBN 9781135365844.
  6. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-12-06. Retrieved 2017-12-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  7. ↑ "Road Network | Greater Accra Region". Archived from the original on 2011-04-18. Retrieved 2010-06-21.
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