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Foreign relations of the Marshall Islands

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The Republic of the Marshall Islands has established bilateral diplomatic relations with 112 countries. Regional cooperation, through membership in various regional and international organizations, is a key element in its foreign policy.[1]

The Marshall Islands became a member of the United Nations on September 17, 1991. The Marshall Islands maintains embassies in the United States, Fiji, South Korea, Japan, and the Republic of China (Taiwan). They also maintain a consulate in Honolulu, Hawaii and in Springdale, Arkansas, United States.

Diplomatic relations

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List of countries which the Marshall Islands maintains diplomatic relations with:

#CountryDate[2]
1 United States 21 October 1986
2 Federated States of Micronesia26 February 1987
3 Australia8 July 1987
4 Israel16 September 1987
5 Fiji22 January 1988
6 Kiribati4 June 1988
7 New Zealand17 June 1988
8 Philippines15 September 1988
9 Papua New Guinea21 September 1988
10 Japan9 December 1988
11 Chile25 January 1990
12 Solomon Islands23 May 1990
13 Vanuatu1 August 1990
14 Tuvalu14 September 1990
15 Samoa22 October 1990
— China (suspended) 16 November 1990[3]
16 Nauru22 February 1991
17 South Korea16 March 1991
18 Germany23 September 1991
19 Peru14 November 1991
20 Cyprus17 November 1991
21 Maldives16 December 1991
22 Poland17 December 1991
23 Spain17 December 1991
24 United Kingdom2 February 1992
25 Sweden12 February 1992
26 Greece14 February 1992
27 Egypt2 May 1992
28 Vietnam1 June 1992
29 Costa Rica15 June 1992
30 Colombia5 August 1992
31 Russia6 August 1992
32 Singapore28 August 1992
33 Denmark17 September 1992
34 Norway16 October 1992
35 Slovenia19 October 1992
36 Saint Lucia1992
37 Malaysia4 January 1993[4]
38 Iceland 25 January 1993
39 Finland26 January 1993
40 Mexico28 January 1993
41 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines28 January 1993
42 Seychelles2 February 1993
43 France19 February 1993
44 Austria1 March 1993
45 Netherlands2 March 1993
46 Barbados23 March 1993
47 Argentina23 April 1993
48 Belize30 April 1993
49 Indonesia21 May 1993
50 Luxembourg20 July 1993
51 Italy24 September 1993
52 Thailand29 October 1993
— Holy See 30 December 1993[5]
53 Malta8 February 1994
54 Portugal10 February 1995
55 Andorra23 February 1995
56 Kuwait27 September 1995
57 Cape Verde1 December 1995
58 Ukraine22 December 1995
59 Brunei17 January 1996
60 South Africa17 January 1996[6]
61 Romania29 January 1996
62 Belgium29 May 1996
63 Turkmenistan8 October 1996
64 Mauritius23 October 1996
65 India2 February 1997
66 Canada14 August 1997
67 Palau1 August 1998
— Republic of China 20 November 1998
68 Slovakia29 January 1999
— Sovereign Military Order of Malta 3 May 2002
69  Switzerland22 January 2003
70 North Macedonia27 February 2003
71 Turkey11 April 2008
72 Czech Republic30 April 2009
73 Uruguay2 December 2009
74 Georgia18 February 2010
75 Tajikistan18 February 2010
76 Azerbaijan10 March 2010[6]
77 United Arab Emirates3 June 2010
78 Brazil27 July 2010
79 Morocco13 September 2010
80 Estonia12 July 2013
— Cook Islands 3 September 2013
— Kosovo 27 October 2013
81 Mongolia23 May 2015
82 Cuba28 September 2015
83 Monaco29 September 2015
84 Kyrgyzstan22 December 2016
85 Cambodia20 January 2017
86 Myanmar21 April 2017
87 Guatemala20 July 2017
88 El Salvador22 September 2017
89 Saint Kitts and Nevis 18 December 2018
90 Kazakhstan12 February 2019
91 Eswatini15 April 2019
92 Nicaragua 13 June 2019
93 Bosnia and Herzegovina23 September 2019
94 Dominican Republic23 September 2019
95 Croatia24 September 2019
96 Ecuador24 September 2019
97 Honduras24 September 2019
98 Liechtenstein24 September 2019
99 Lithuania24 September 2019
100 Timor-Leste25 September 2019
101 Algeria26 September 2019
102 Lebanon26 September 2019
103 Paraguay26 September 2019
104 Hungary27 September 2019
105 Ireland27 September 2019
106 Latvia19 September 2022
107 Tonga 21 September 2022
108 Jamaica 23 September 2022
109 Bulgaria 12 June 2023[6]
110   Nepal 23 June 2023
111 Qatar 11 July 2023
112 Pakistan 26 January 2024
113 Suriname 28 May 2024[7]
114 Benin 2 July 2024
— Niue 27 August 2024
115 Saudi Arabia 5 September 2024
116 Panama 23 September 2024
117 Gambia 25 September 2024
118 Rwanda 25 September 2024
119 Burkina Faso 26 September 2024
120 Serbia 27 September 2024
121 San Marino 28 September 2024
122 Antigua and Barbuda 24 September 2025[8]

Bilateral relations

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Country Notes
Equatorial Guinea

In August 2022, Equatoguinean forces boarded a Marshallese-flagged ship off its coasts and detained the ship's crew and kept them in custody for over nine months before deporting them.[9] As a consequence, the Marshallese government sued Equatorian Guinea before the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea and demanded nearly 60 million dollars in reparations over unlawful detention, crew mistreatment and damage to reputation. The case opened in early October 2025.[10]

IndiaSee India–Marshall Islands relations

As per the Ministry of External Affairs of the Government of India, India established diplomatic relations with Republic of the Marshall Islands in April 1995. Development assistance from India has included a grant of US$100,000 in June 2008 for a solar street lighting project in the capital city of Majuro and grant of 5 ITEC scholarships in November 2010. Marshall Islands has been supportive of issues of importance to India, particularly Indian candidature to international organizations. It supported India's candidature for the non-permanent membership of the UN Security Council for the 2011–12 term. Presently, there are about 10 Indian nationals in the Marshall Islands.[11]

IsraelSee Israel–Marshall Islands relations
KosovoSee Kosovo–Marshall Islands relations

The Marshall Islands officially recognised the independence of the Republic of Kosovo on the 17 April 2008.[12]

MicronesiaSee Marshall Islands–Federated States of Micronesia relations

The Marshall Islands and Micronesia share very good relations, as they are both bound by Compacts of Free Association with the United States.

Mexico
  • Marshall Islands does not have an accreditation to Mexico
  • Mexico is accredited to the Marshall Islands from its embassy in Manila, Philippines.[13][14]
PalauSee Marshall Islands–Palau relations

The Marshall Islands and Palau share very good relations, as they are both bound by Compacts of Free Association with the United States.

South Korea
  • Bilateral trade of both countries in 2020 were about 4.83 billion $.[15]
Turkey
United KingdomSee Marshall Islands–United Kingdom relations

The Marshall Islands established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 2 February 1992.

  • The Marshall Islands does not maintain an embassy in the United Kingdom.
  • The United Kingdom is not accredited to the Marshall Islands through an embassy; the UK develops relations through its high commission in Suva, Fiji.[17]

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Health Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Tax Information Exchange Agreement.[18]

United StatesSee Marshall Islands–United States relations

The Marshall Islands and the United States maintain a strong and stable relationship under the Compact of Free Association. The US has full responsibility in the country's defense, financial aid, and social services. In return, the U.S. provides healthcare services, security, and freedom of movement between U.S., American Samoan, and Marshall Islander citizens. In international politics, Marshall Islands has often voted with the United States with respect to United Nations General Assembly resolutions.[19]

See also

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References

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  1. ↑ "Countries with which the Marshall Islands has Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). U.S. Department of the Interior. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 December 2021. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
  2. ↑ "The Marshall Islands: Diplomatic Relations". register-iri.com. Archived from the original on 10 May 2025. Retrieved 10 May 2025.
  3. ↑ "中国同马绍尔群岛的关系" (in Chinese (China)). 中華人民共和國外交部. Archived from the original on 2018-11-16.
  4. ↑ Asian Yearbook International Law, 1995. Springer Netherlands. 22 December 1994. p. 361.
  5. ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Of The Holy See". holyseemission.org. Retrieved 10 May 2025.
  6. 1 2 3 "Diplomatic relations between Marshall Islands and ..." United Nations Digital Library. Archived from the original on 7 October 2021. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
  7. ↑ "Suriname en de Marshalleilanden vestigen diplomatieke betrekkingen". gov.sr (in Dutch). Retrieved 10 January 2025.
  8. ↑ "Republic of the Marshall Islands and Antigua and Barbuda Formalize Diplomatic Relations at 80th UNGA". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Republic of the Marshall Islands. 24 September 2025. Retrieved 26 September 2025.
  9. ↑ "Crew of Heroic Idun returns home after nine months detention in Africa". Safety4Sea News. 13 June 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
  10. ↑ "Flag State Sues Equatorial Guinea for Illegal Seizure of Heroic Idun". Maritime Executive News. 7 October 2025. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
  11. ↑ "Embassy /High Commission /Consulate General of India". Archived from the original on 2021-09-02. Retrieved 2011-07-23.
  12. ↑ Republic of the Marshall Islands has recognised Kosovo Archived 2013-10-22 at the Wayback Machine, New Kosova Report, 2008-04-17
  13. ↑ "Embassy of Mexico in the Philippines". Archived from the original on 2021-07-20. Retrieved 2017-07-21.
  14. ↑ Relations between Mexico and Asia: The Philippines (in Spanish)[permanent dead link]
  15. ↑ "Search | Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea". Archived from the original on 2023-08-10. Retrieved 2023-08-10.
  16. 1 2 3 "Relations between Turkey and Marshall Islands". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
  17. ↑ "British Embassy Marshall Islands". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 14 May 2024. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  18. ↑ HM Revenue & Customs (8 November 2017). "UK-Marshall Islands Tax Information Exchange Agreement: exchange of information - in force". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 30 January 2025. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  19. ↑ General Assembly – Overall Votes – Comparison with U.S. vote Archived 2019-12-02 at the Wayback Machine lists Marshall Islands as in the country with the second high coincidence of votes. Micronesia has always been in the top two.
  20. ↑ "Embassy of the Marshall Islands in the United States". Archived from the original on 2021-12-02. Retrieved 2006-02-15.
  21. ↑ "Embassy of the United States in the Marshall Islands". Archived from the original on 2021-11-27. Retrieved 2017-07-21.
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