File:Nodules polymétalliques observés lors de la campagne Nodinaut (Ifremer 00424-53575 - 34756).jpg
Commons is a freely licensed media file repository. You can help.
Summary
| DescriptionNodules polymétalliques observés lors de la campagne Nodinaut (Ifremer 00424-53575 - 34756).jpg |
Français : Les nodules polymétalliques se trouvent au fond des océans, dans les profondeurs dites « abyssales », entre 4000 et 5000 mètres de profondeur. Sortes de gros galets qui agrègent les minerais présents dans l’eau, ils sont formés à partir de la précipitation des hydroxydes de fer et de manganèse sous forme des couches concentriques autour d’un noyau. Ce noyau peut être microscopique, mais parfois il peut s’agir d’une coquille ou d’une dent de requin.
L’intérêt des nodules polymétalliques est leur richesse en métaux (manganèse, fer, cobalt, zinc, nickel) très utilisés dans l’industrie. Ils sont donc une ressource minière potentielle. Cependant, ce n’est pas sans conséquence sur la faune et la flore marine et les risques de pollution environnementale sont importants.
La campagne NODINAUT s'est déroulée à bord de l'Atalante avec le submersible Nautile du 17 mai 2004 (Manzanillo) au 28 juin 2004 (Nouméa). L'objectif de cette campagne était d'acquérir des connaissances de base sur l'état naturel des communautés benthiques peuplant les deux principales zones de permis minier françaises (Est et Ouest) dans l'océan Pacifique, ainsi que sur les caractéristiques de leur habitat, afin d'établir un état de référence pour l'étude de l'impact potentiel d'une éventuelle exploitation des nodules. English: Polymetallic nodules are found at the bottom of the oceans, in the so-called "abyssal" depths, between 4,000 and 5,000 meters deep. A kind of large pebble that aggregates the minerals present in the water, they are formed from the precipitation of iron and manganese hydroxides in the form of concentric layers around a core. This core can be microscopic, but sometimes it can be a shell or a shark's tooth. The interest of polymetallic nodules is their richness in metals (manganese, iron, cobalt, zinc, nickel) widely used in industry. They are therefore a potential mining resource. However, this is not without consequences for marine fauna and flora and the risks of environmental pollution are significant. The NODINAUT campaign took place on board the Atalante with the submersible Nautile from 17 May 2004 (Manzanillo) to 28 June 2004 (Noumea). The objective of this campaign was to acquire basic knowledge on the natural state of the benthic communities populating the two main French mining permit areas (East and West) in the Pacific Ocean, as well as on the characteristics of their habitat, in order to establish a reference state for the study of the potential impact of possible nodule exploitation. |
|||||||||
| Date | 1 January 2004 (upload date) | |||||||||
| Source | Nodules polymétalliques observés lors de la campagne Nodinaut | |||||||||
| Author | null | |||||||||
| Other versions |
|
|||||||||
| Bounding box InfoField |
|
|||||||||
| Keywords InfoField | Polymetallic nodules; Geosciences; Abysses; Mineral resources; Extreme environments | |||||||||
Licensing
- You are free:
- to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work
- to remix – to adapt the work
- Under the following conditions:
- attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
Captions
Items portrayed in this file
depicts
image/jpeg
1,536 pixel
2,048 pixel
1,407,036 byte
75ce2e98b04537aa12d5df511023f52979183535
1 January 2004
43o316112shcayytfegpe9440kysa8s2mie8og4plz60f4p8j6
0.1 second
3.5
12 millimetre
100
File history
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
| Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| current | 01:13, 9 November 2024 | 2,048 × 1,536 (1.34 MB) | OptimusPrimeBot | #Spacemedia - Upload of https://image.ifremer.fr/data/00424/53575/hd/34756.jpg via Commons:Spacemedia |
File usage
The following page uses this file:
Metadata
This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it.
If the file has been modified from its original state, some details may not fully reflect the modified file.
| Camera manufacturer | SONY |
|---|---|
| Camera model | CYBERSHOT |
| Exposure time | 1/10 sec (0.1) |
| F-number | f/3.5 |
| ISO speed rating | 100 |
| Date and time of data generation | 19:57, 27 May 2004 |
| Lens focal length | 12 mm |
| Orientation | Normal |
| Horizontal resolution | 72 dpi |
| Vertical resolution | 72 dpi |
| File change date and time | 19:57, 27 May 2004 |
| Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
| Exposure Program | Not defined |
| Exif version | 2.1 |
| Date and time of digitizing | 19:57, 27 May 2004 |
| Meaning of each component |
|
| Image compression mode | 2 |
| Exposure bias | 1.3 |
| Maximum land aperture | 3 APEX (f/2.83) |
| Metering mode | Average |
| Light source | Unknown |
| Flash | Flash fired |
| Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
| Color space | sRGB |
| File source | Digital still camera |
| Scene type | A directly photographed image |