This file is in the public domain because it is a mere mechanical scan or photocopy of a public domain original, or – from the available evidence – is so similar to such a scan or photocopy that no copyright protection can be expected to arise. The original itself is in the public domain for the following reason:

Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse

This Philippine work is in the public domain in the Philippines because it was created or published before November 14, 1972 without a copyright registration by virtue of the Act No. 3134, which was in effect before 1972, and Section 3.1 of Chapter IV of the Memorandum Circular No. 021-2023 which provides for non-retroactivity of any copyright extension that has occurred since then. For registered pre-November 14, 1972 works from the Philippines, regardless if renewed or not, use {{PD-Philippines}}. This work is in the public domain in the United States because it meets three requirements: it was first published outside the United States (and not published in the U.S. within 30 days), it was first published before 1 March 1989 without copyright notice or before 1964 without copyright renewal or before the source country established copyright relations with the United States, it was in the public domain in its home country (Philippines) on the URAA date (1 January 1996).

---

This tag is designed for use where there may be a need to assert that any enhancements (eg brightness, contrast, colour-matching, sharpening) are in themselves insufficiently creative to generate a new copyright. It can be used where it is unknown whether any enhancements have been made, as well as when the enhancements are clear but insufficient. For known raw unenhanced scans you can use an appropriate {{PD-old}} tag instead. For usage, see Commons:When to use the PD-scan tag.

---

Note: This tag applies to scans and photocopies only. For photographs of public domain originals taken from afar, {{PD-Art}} may be applicable. See Commons:When to use the PD-Art tag.