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File:JWST TNO spectral types.jpg

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English: TNO spectral archetypes from N. Pinilla-Alonso et al. (2025). These include:
  • Spectrally prominent water (H2O-type). Formerly known as “bowls.” These TNO spectra lack strong absorption features due to carbon-bearing molecules, with only the 4.26 μm fundamental CO2 absorption present (Figure 1(a)). The most prominent features are instead due to H2O, with absorption bands centered at 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.5 μm, and the 3.1 μm Fresnel reflection peak.
  • Spectrally prominent carbon oxides (CO2-type). Formerly known as “double-dips.” Members of this type show strong signatures of CO and CO2 (Figure 1(b)). The CO2 fundamental at 4.26 μm exhibits peaks on either side, likely due to reflection from small CO2 particles (M. Brown & W. Fraser 2023; M. De Prá et al. 2025). CO2 combination bands are present at 2.70 and 2.77 μm, and the 13CO2 fundamental is detected at 4.38 μm. The CO fundamental at 4.68 μm is likely due to irradiation of CO2 (E. Hénault et al. 2025).
  • Spectrally prominent organics (organics-type). Formerly known as “cliffs.” This class is composed of TNOs with very red surfaces and correspondingly strong signatures of aliphatic organics between 3.3 and 3.6 μm (Figures 1(c) and (d)). R. Brunetto et al. (2025) identified two sub-types, one with strong CH3OH (methanol) absorption features between 2.2 and 2.7 μm (“strong methanol,” formerly “cliff1”) and the other with weak features (“weak methanol,” formerly “cliff2”).
The spectra of TNOs used as examples for the 4 spectral types include: (a) 2013 LU28; (b) 2004 XA192; (c) Lempo; (d) 2007 JF43.
Date
Source https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2515-5172/ae03a2
Author Bryan J. Holler et al.

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