English exonyms

An English exonym is a name in the English language for a place (a toponym), or occasionally other terms, which does not follow the local usage (the endonym). Endonyms and exonyms are features of all languages, and other languages may have their own exonym for English endonyms, for example Llundain is the Welsh exonym for the English endonym "London".

Romanization, or transcription of a non-Latin alphabet endonym into a Latin alphabet, is not generally regarded as creating exonyms: "The application of any scientifically sound romanization system to a non-Roman endonym merely re-creates that original endonym in another legitimate form" (Päll, 2002). However old romanization systems may leave a legacy of "familiar" spellings, as in the case of, for example, romanization of Burmese. This affects romanization of Arabic, romanization of Chinese, and many other non-Latin alphabet place names. Stripping diacritics of Latin alphabet names are also not regarded as exonyms.

Translations of non-proper nouns such as "river" and "lake" also do not qualify as exonyms.

A less common form of exonym is usage for names and titles. Personal exonyms are typically limited to regnal names such as popes (John Paul II) and monarchs (Charles V); less commonly, well-known historical authors (John Calvin, for French Jean Calvin) are referred to by exonyms. The list does not include the list of English translated personal names.

General

This section lists English-language exonyms that are for places located in multiple countries, English names of countries, and typical patterns.

Countries and territories

The following is a list of countries and territories whose names in local languages differ from their (non-local) English ones. The list includes countries with limited recognition, autonomous territories of sovereign countries, and fully sovereign countries.

Country names are listed in their short form, and do not include names spelled identically in English. Near-identical names in pronunciation or spelling are included, but countries named with non-proper nouns (like Central African Republic or United Arab Emirates) are not. It is debatable whether the mere omission of a diacritical mark (as in several instances in the table below) creates an exonym.

The languages listed are official languages and/or prominent local languages, except if the name for the associated country is spelled the same as in English. Languages in italics are no longer spoken in the given country, but the name listed retains some use.

Likewise, exonyms in italics are obsolete or are disputed.

Countries and territories

English name	Endonym	Language
Albania	Shqipëri(a)	Standard Albanian
	Shqipyni(a)	Gheg Albanian
Algeria	Al-Dzāyīr (الدزاير)	Maghrebi Arabic
	Al-Jazā'ir (الجزائر)	Standard Arabic
Armenia	Hayastan (Հայաստան)	Armenian
Austria	Österreich	Standard German
Belgium	België	Dutch
	Belgien	Standard German
	Belgique	French
Bhutan	Druk Yul (འབྲུག་ཡུལ་)	Dzongkha
Bosnia & Herzegovina	Bosna & Hercegovina (Босна & Херцеговина)	Bosnian
Brazil	Brasil	Portuguese
Bulgaria	Balgariya (България)	Bulgarian
Cambodia	Kampuciə (កម្ពុជា)	Khmer
China	Zhōngguó (中国)	Mandarin
Comoros	Comores	French
	Juzur Al-Qamar (جزر القمر)	Standard Arabic
	Komori	Comorian
Croatia	Hrvatska	Croatian
Cyprus	Kıbrıs	Turkish
	Kýpros (Κύπρος)	Greek
Czech Republic, Czechia	Česká republika, Česko	Czech
Denmark	Danmark	Danish
Dominica	Dominique	French
	Wai'tu kubuli	Island Carib
Egypt	Maṣr (مَصر)	Egyptian Arabic
	Miṣr (مِصر)	Standard Arabic
Eritrea	Ertra (ኤርትራ)	Tigrinya
	‘Iritriyā (إرتريا)	Standard Arabic
Estonia	Eesti	Estonian
Ethiopia	Itiyoophiyaa	Afar
	Itoobiya	Somali
	Itoophiyaa	Oromo
	ʾĪtyōṗṗyā (ኢትዮጵያ)	Amharic
		Tigrinya
Finland	Suomi	Finnish
Georgia	Sakartvelo (საქართველო)	Georgian
Germany	Deutschland	Standard German
Greece	Elládha (Ελλάδα)	Greek
Hong Kong	Xiānggǎng	Chinese
Hungary	Magyarország	Hungarian
Iceland	Ísland	Icelandic
India	Bhaaratham (ഭാരതം)	Malayalam
	Bhārat (भारत)	Marathi
		Dogri
		Hindi
		Maithili
		Nepali
	Bhārat (ભારત)	Gujarati
	Bhārat (بًارت \ भारत)	Kashmiri
	Bhārat (بھارت \ ਭਾਰਤ)	Punjabi
	Bhārat (ڀارت \ भारत)	Sindhi
	Bhārat (بھارت)	Urdu
	Bhārata (ಭಾರತ)	Kannada
	Bhāratam (भारतम्)	Sanskrit
	Bhārathadeśaṁ (భారతదేశం)	Telugu
	Bhāratham (பாரதம்)	Tamil
	Bharot (भारत)	Konkani
	Bhārot (ভারত)	Bengali
	Bhārôt (ভাৰত)	Assamese
		Meitei
	Bhārôt (भारत)	Bodo
	Bhārôtô (ଭାରତ)	Odia
	Siñôt (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ)	Santali
Italy	Italia	Standard Italian
Japan	Nihon / Nippon (日本)	Japanese
Jordan	Al-'Urdunn (الأردن)	Standard Arabic
Kazakhstan	Qazaqstan (Қазақстан)	Kazakh
Laos	Lāo (ລາວ)	Lao
Lebanon	Ləbnēn (لبنان)	Levantine Arabic
	Lubnān (لبنان)	Standard Arabic
Libya	Lībiyā (ليبيا)
Lithuania	Lietuva	Lithuanian
Madagascar	Madagasikara	Malagasy
Maldives	Dhivehi Raajje (ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ )	Dhivehi
Mauritania	Agawej	Berber
	Cengiṭ
	Gànnaar	Wolof
	Mauritanie	French
	Moritani	Pulaar
	Mūrītānyā (موريتانيا)	Standard Arabic
	Murutaane	Soninke
Mauritius	Maurice	French
	Moris	Mauritian Creole
Moldova	Moldaviya (Молдавия)	Russian
Monaco	Mónegue	Occitan
	Mùnegu	Ligurian
Mongolia	Mongol Uls (Монгол Улс)	Mongolian
Montenegro	Crna Gora (Црна Гора)	Montenegrin
Morocco	Al-Maġrib (المغرب)	Standard Arabic
	lmeɣrib (ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ)	Standard Moroccan Tamazight
	Maroc	French
Mozambique	Moçambique	Portuguese
	Msumbiji	Swahili
	Mozambiki	Chewa
	Muzambhiki	Tsonga
Myanmar	Myǎma (မြန်မာ)	Burmese
Nauru	Naoero	Nauruan
Netherlands	Nederland	Dutch
North Korea	Chosŏn (조선)	Korean
North Macedonia	Maqedonia e Veriut	Albanian
	Severna Makedonija (Северна Македонија)	Macedonian
Norway	Nöörja	Southern Sami
	Noreg	Norwegian Nynorsk
	Norga	Northern Sami
	Norge	Norwegian Bokmål
	Vuodna	Lule Sami
Oman	'Umān (عمان)	Standard Arabic
Palau	Belau	Palauan
	Parao (パラオ)	Japanese
Palestine	Filasṭīn (فلسطين)	Standard Arabic
Philippines	Pilipinas	Tagalog
Poland	Polska	Polish
Russia	Rossíya (Росси́я)	Russian
Saudi Arabia	al-Suʿūdiyya (ٱلسُّعُودِيَّة)	Standard Arabic
Serbia	Srbija	Serbian
Singapore	Ciṅkappūr (சிங்கப்பூர்)	Tamil
	Singapura	Malay
	Xīnjiāpō (新加坡)	Mandarin
Slovakia	Slovensko	Slovak
South Korea	Hanguk (한국)	Korean
South Sudan	Paguot Thudän	Dinka
South Ossetia	Alaniya (Алания)	Russian
	Allonston (Аллонстон)	Ossetian
Spain	Espainia	Basque
	España	Galician
		Spanish
	Espanha	Occitan
	Espanya	Catalan
Sweden	Sverige	Swedish
Switzerland	Helvetia	Latin
	Schweiz	Standard German
	Suisse	French
	Svizra	Romansh
	Svizzera	Standard Italian
Syria	Sūriyā (سوريا)	Standard Arabic
Tajikistan	Tojikiston (Тоҷикистон)	Tajik
Thailand	Pratheṣ̄thịy (ประเทศไทย)	Thai
Transnistria	Nistrenia (Нистрения)	Romanian
	Pridnestrovye (Приднестровье)	Russian
	Prydnistrovya (Придністров'я)	Ukrainian
Tunisia	Tunest	Berber
	Tunisie	French
	Tūnis (تونس)	Standard Arabic
Turkey	Türkiye	Turkish
Ukraine	Ukrajina (Україна)	Ukrainian
Uzbekistan	Oʻzbekiston (Ўзбекистон)	Uzbek
Vatican City	Stato della Città del Vaticano	Standard Italian
	Status Civitatis Vaticanae	Latin
Yemen	Al-Yaman (اَلْيَمَنُ)	Standard Arabic

Other territories

The following is a list of other territories/regions which are not deemed as countries or sovereign states.

Other territories

English name	Endonym	Language
Alsace	Elsass	German
	Elsàss	Alsatian
Basque Country	País Vasco	Spanish
	Euskadi	Basque
Bavaria	Bayern	German
	Boarn	Bavarian
Bohemia	Čechy	Czech
	Böhmen	German
Brittany	Bretagne	French
	Breizh	Breton
Catalonia	Catalunya	Catalan
	Cataluña	Spanish
Cornwall	Kernow	Cornish
Crimea	Krym (Крым)	Russian
	Krym (Крим)	Ukrainian
	Qırım	Crimean Tatar
Faroe Islands	Færøerne	Danish
	Føroyar	Faroese
Flanders	Vlaanderen	Dutch
Friesland	Fryslân	Frisian
Galicia	Galiza	Galician
Greenland	Grønland	Danish
	Kalaallit Nunaat	Greenlandic
Kashubia	Kaszuby	Polish
	Kaszëbë	Kashubian
Lombardy	Lombardia	Italian
Moravia	Morava	Czech
	Mähren	German
Piedmont	Piemonte	Italian
	Piemont	Piedmontese
Pomerania	Pomorze	Polish
	Pommern	German
Sicily	Sicilia	Italian
		Sicilian
Silesia	Śląsk	Polish
	Slezsko	Czech
	Ślōnsk	Silesian
	Schlesien	German
Tibet	Xīzàng (西藏)	Mandarin
	Böd (བོད)	Tibetan
Wales	Cymru	Welsh
Wallonia	Wallonie	French

Specific countries

Albania

Albania Shqipëria

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Durazzo	Durrës	Albanian	Dated, Italian name
Tirana	Tiranë	Albanian	Tirana is Albanian for "the Tirana"

Algeria

Algeria Al-Jazā'ir (الجزائر)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Algiers	Al-Jazā'ir (الجَزائر)	Standard Arabic
Constantine	Qusanṭīnah (قسنطينة)
Oran	Wahrān (وَهران)

Name of the country and its capital city in Arabic, Al-Jazā'ir (الجزائر), is Arabic for "the islands".

Armenia

Armenia Hayastan (Հայաստան)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Ararat Plain	Araratyan dasht (Արարատյան դաշտ)	Armenian
	Iğdır Ovası	Turkish

Austria

See also: List of English exonyms for German toponyms

Austria Österreich

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Ammergau Alps	Ammergebirge	German
Bavarian Prealps	Bayerische Voralpen
Carinthia	Kärnten
Carpathian Basin	Karpatenbecken
Danube river	Donau
Drava	Drau
Drave			Dated
Lake Constance	Bodensee
Northern Limestone Alps	Nördliche Kalkalpen
Southern Limestone Alps	Südliche Kalkalpen
Styria	Steiermark
Tyrol	Tirol
Vienna	Wien
Wetterstein	Wettersteingebirge

Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan Azərbaycan

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Caucasus	Qafqaz	Azeri
Sumgait	Sumqayıt

Belgium

Historically, English borrowed French names for many places in Dutch-speaking areas of Belgium. With a few exceptions this practice is no longer followed by most sources.

Belgium België/ Belgique

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Antwerp	Antwerpen	Dutch
Bruges	Brugge		French name
Brussels	Brussel
	Bruxelles	French
Courtrai	Kortrijk	Dutch	Archaic, French name
Filford	Vilvoorde		Archaic
Flanders	Vlaanderen
Gaunt	Gent		Archaic
Ghent
Louvain	Leuven		Archaic, French name
Mechlin	Mechelen		Archaic
Ostend	Oostende
Wallonia	Wallonie	French
Ypres	Ieper	Dutch	French name

Bosnia & Herzegovina

Bosnia & Herzegovina Bosna & Hercegovina (Босна & Херцеговина)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Bosnia	Bosna (Босна)	Bosnian
Herzegovina	Hercegovina (Херцеговина)		German spelling, English name pronounced the same
Narenta	Neretva (Неретва)		Italian name, sometimes used in English

Bulgaria

Bulgaria Balgariya (България)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Balkan Mountains	Stara Planina (Стара Планина)	Bulgarian
Danube river	Dunav (Дунав)
Philippopolis	Plovdiv (Пловдив)		Archaic
Rhodope Mountains	Rodopi (Родопи)
Southern Dobruja	Dobrudzha (Добруджа)		Bulgarian half of former Dobruja region
Thrace	Trakiya (Тракия)

Canada

Numerous places in the predominantly French speaking province of Quebec have historically had English exonyms; in most cases, the English name was a straight translation of the place's French endonym, with only one major city which ever had an English exonym. With a few exceptions, such as Quebec City, these are no longer widely used. Exonyms are also commonly seen with regard to First Nations and Inuit peoples and communities; although government and media sources have evolved in recent years toward using these places' native endonyms, common usage may still favour the older exonyms.

Canada

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Arctic Red River	Tsiigehtchic	Gwich'in	Archaic
Big Trout Lake	Kitchenuhmaykoosib	Oji-Cree
Cambridge Bay	Iqaluktuuttiaq	Inuinnaqtun
Chesterfield Inlet	Igluligaarjuk (ᐃᒡᓗᓕᒑᕐᔪᒃ)	Inuktitut
Fort Franklin	Délįnę	Sahtu	Archaic
Fort Hope	Eabametoong	Ojibwe
Fort Norman	Tulita	Sahtu	Archaic
Fraserville	Rivière-du-Loup	French
Frobisher Bay	Iqaluit (ᐃᖃᓗᐃᑦ)	Inuktitut
Gjoa Haven	Uqsuqtuuq (ᐅᖅᓱᖅᑑᖅ)
Holman	Ulukhaktok	Inuinnaqtun	Archaic
Harrington Lake	Lac Mousseau	French
Iroquois River	Rivière Richelieu		Archaic
Island of Orleans	Île d'Orléans
Lansdowne House	Neskantaga	Oji-Cree
Mount Royal	Mont-Royal	French
Quebec City	Québec
Queen Charlotte Island	Haida Gwaii	Haida	Archaic
Rankin Inlet	Kangiqliniq (ᑲᖏᕿᓂᖅ)	Inuktitut
Saint Andrew	Saint-André-d'Argenteuil	French	Archaic
Saint John	Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu
Summer Beaver	Nibinamik (ᓃᐱᓇᒥᐦᐠ)	Ojibwe
The River Ouse	La Rivière Grand	French	Archaic
	Kenhionhata:tie	Mohawk
Whale Cove	Tikiraqjuaq (ᑎᑭᕋᕐᔪᐊᖅ)	Inuktitut

Cambodia

During the Khmer Rouge period (1975–1979), the country was known in English as Democratic Kampuchea, closer to the endonym than its modern English exonym. The English exonym of Cambodia is based on the French exonym, Cambodge. The endonym is sometimes used in English, but the exonym is far more common.

Cambodia Kampuchea (កម្ពុជា)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Phnom Penh	Phnum Pénh (ភ្នំពេញគ)	Khmer
Sihanoukville	Krong Preah Sihanouk (ក្រុងព្រះសីហនុ)
	Kampong Som (កំពង់សោម)

China

Some of the apparent "exonyms" for China are the result of change in romanization of Chinese to modern pinyin, for example "Tientsin" to "Tianjin". Other apparent exonyms are the result of the English name being based on one of the other varieties of Chinese besides Mandarin. Additionally, certain names which may now be considered exonyms actually preserve older Mandarin pronunciations which have changed in the intervening centuries. For all areas in mainland China, names written in Chinese are written in simplified characters. For all areas in the special administrative regions (SARs), the names will be written in traditional characters.

See also: Pinyin and Chinese postal romanization

China Zhōngguó (中国)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Canton	Guǎngzhōu (广州)	Mandarin	Archaic
	Gwong2 Zau1	Cantonese
Chengchow	Zhèngzhōu (郑州)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Chengtu	Chéngdū (成都)
Chungking	Chóngqìng (重庆)
Foochow	Fúzhōu (福州)
Forbidden City	Gùgōng (故宫), Zǐjìnchéng (紫禁城)		Means "Ancient Palace" and "Purple Forbidden City" respectively
Fukien	Fújiàn (福建)		Archaic, change in romanization
Gobi Desert	Gēbì Shāmò (戈壁沙漠)
	Govi (ᠭᠣᠪᠢ)	Mongolian
Hangchow	Hángzhōu (杭州)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Heilungkiang	Hēilóngjiāng (黑龙江)
	Khejluntszyan (Хэйлунцзян)	Russian
Hohhot	Kökeqota (ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠬᠣᠲᠠ)	Mongolian
	Hūhéhàotè (呼和浩特) / Hūshì (呼市)	Mandarin
Hokkien	Fújiàn (福建)	Hokkien	Archaic, but survives in English name of the language
Hong Kong	Hoeng1 Gong2 (香港)	Cantonese
	Xiānggǎng	Mandarin
Kwangchow	Gwong2 Zau1	Cantonese
	Guǎngzhōu (广州)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Kweilin	Gveilinz	Zhuang
	Guìlín (桂林)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Macau	Ou3 mun2 (澳門)	Cantonese
	Àomén (澳门)	Mandarin
	Macau	Portuguese
Mount Everest	Zhūmùlǎngmǎ Fēng (珠穆朗玛峰)
	Chomolungma (ཇོ་མོ་གླང་མ)	Tibetan
Nanking	Nánjīng (南京)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Paotou	Bāotóu (包头)		Obsolete English spelling
	Buɣutu qota (ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ)	Mongolian
Peking	Běijīng (北京)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Port Arthur	Dàlián (大连)		Archaic
Santow	Shàntóu (汕头)
Shaanxi	Shǎnxī (陕西)		Name spelled using Guoyeu Romatzyh romanization, as the name would be the same as Shanxi using pinyin without tones.
Sian	Xī'ān (西安)		Archaic, change in romanization
Sinkiang	Xīnjiāng (新疆)
Soochow	Sūzhōu (苏州)
Swatow	Shàntóu (汕头)
	Suan1tao5 (汕头)	Teochew	English orthography close to Teochew pronunciation (Teochew 'n' sound is nasal)
Szechuan	Sìchuān (四川)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Tibet	Bod (བོད)	Tibetan
	Xīzàng (西藏)	Mandarin
Tsingtao	Qīngdǎo (青岛)		Archaic, change in romanization
Yangtze River	Cháng jiāng (長江／长江)		Based on the archaic name Yángzǐ Jiāng (揚子江／扬子江)
Yellow River	Huáng Hé (黃河)
Yenchi Yenki	Yánjí (延吉)		Archaic, change in romanization
	Yenji (옌지), Yŏn'gil (연길)	Korean

Croatia

Croatia Hrvatska

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Danube	Dunav	Croatian
Dalmatia	Dalmacija
Istria	Istra
Ragusa	Dubrovnik		Historical exonym
Zara	Zadar

Cuba

Cuba

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Havana	(La) Habana	Spanish

Cyprus

Cyprus Kýpros/ Kıbrıs

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Place	Language
Famagusta	Ammokhóstos (Αμμόχωστος)	Greek
	Gazimaǧusa	Turkish
Kyrenia	Girne
	Kerýneia (Κερύνεια)	Greek
Limassol	Lemesós (Λεμεσός)
	Limasol	Turkish
Nicosia	Lefkoşa
	Lefkosía (Λευκωσία)	Greek

Czech Republic

Historically, English-language sources used German names for many places in what is now the Czech Republic. With some exceptions (such as the Elbe and Oder rivers, both of which flow into Germany) this is no longer done by most sources.

Czech Republic Česká republika

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Beskids	Beskydy	Czech
Bohemia	Čechy		Latin name
Bohemian Forest	Šumava
Bohemian Karst	Český kras
Bohemian Paradise	Český ráj
Bohemian Switzerland	České Švýcarsko
Budweis	České Budějovice		Archaic, German name
Carlsbad	Karlovy Vary
Elbe river	Labe		German name
Fichtel Mountains	Smrčiny
Franzensbad	Františkovy Lázně		Archaic, German name
Giant Mountains	Krkonoše
Hanakia	Haná		Archaic
Lachia	Lašsko
Marienbad	Mariánské Lázně		Archaic, German name
Moravia	Morava		Latin name
Moravian Slovakia	Slovácko
Moravian Wallachia	Valašsko
Oder river	Odra		German name
Ore Mountains	Krušné hory
Pilsen	Plzeň		Archaic, German name
Prague	Praha		French name
Silesia	Slezsko
	Ślōnsk	Silesian
Sudetes, Sudeten, Sudeten Mountains	Krkonošsko-jesenická subprovincie, Sudety	Czech
Sudetenland	Sudety
Upper Palatine Forest	Český les

Denmark

Denmark Danmark

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Copenhagen	København	Danish
Elsinore	Helsingør		Dated
Funen	Fyn
Jutland	Jylland
Sleswick	Schleswig	Low German
	Slesvig	Danish
The Scaw	Skagen		Dated
Zealand	Sjælland

Greenland

Several places were known under Danish names, or a variant of them. Now only the local Greenlandic is used.

Greenland Kalaallit Nunaat

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Frederikdshab	Paamiut	Greenlandic	Obsolete
Godthab	Nuuk
Jacobshaven	Ilulissat
Sondre Stromfjord	Kangerlussuaq
Sondrestrom
Thule	Qaanaaq

Egypt

Egypt Miṣr (مصر)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Alexandria	Al-Iskandariyyah (الإسكندرية)	Egyptian Arabic
	Alexandria (ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ)	Coptic
	Eskendereyyah (اسكندرية)	Egyptian Arabic
	Rakote (ⲣⲁⲕⲟϯ )	Coptic
Cairo	Al-Qāhirah (القاهرة)	Standard Arabic
	Maṣr (مَصر)	Egyptian Arabic
Giza	Al-Jīzah (الجيزة)	Standard Arabic
	El-Gīzeh (الجيزة)	Egyptian Arabic
Luxor	Al-Uqṣur (الأقصر)	Standard Arabic
	Babe (ⲡⲁⲡⲉ)	Coptic
	Loqṣor (الأقصر)	Egyptian Arabic
Memphis	Manf (مَنْف)	Standard Arabic
	Memfi (ⲙⲉⲙϥⲓ)	Coptic
Nile	An-Nīl (النيل)	Standard Arabic
	En-Nīl (النيل)	Egyptian Arabic
	Nilus	Latin
Port Said	Būr Sa'īd (بور سعيد)	Standard Arabic
	Bor Sa'īd (بور سعيد)	Egyptian Arabic
Suez	As-Suways (السوَيس)	Standard Arabic

The English name of Egypt derives from the French name, Egypte, which is derived from the Greek name, Aigyptos (Αίγυπτος).

Estonia

Estonia Eesti

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Lake Peipus	Peipsi järv	Estonian
Reval	Tallinn		Obsolete

Finland

Finland Suomi

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Karelia	Karjala	Finnish	From Latin
Lapland	Lappi		From Swedish Lappland
Ostrobothnia	Pohjanmaa		From Latin, compare Swedish Österbotten
Savonia	Savo		From Latin
Tavastia	Häme

France

France

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Bay of Biscay	Golfe de Gascogne	French
Bethwyn	Béthune		Archaic
Brittany	Breizh	Breton
	Bretagne	French
Burgundy	Bourgogne
Camerick	Cambrai		Obsolete
Cressy	Crécy-en-Ponthieu	French
Dauphiny	Dalfinat	Occitan
	Darfenât	Arpitan
	Dauphiné	French	Archaic
Dunkirk	Dunkerque
English Channel	La Manche
Flanders	Flandre
French Riviera	Côte d'Azur
Gascony	Gascogne
	Gasconha	Gascon
Lyons	Liyon	Arpitan
	Lyon	French	Archaic
Marseilles	Marseille
	Marselha	Occitan
Rheims	Reims	French	Archaic
Rhine River	Rhin
Rone	Rouen		Obsolete
Ushant	Eusa	Breton
	Ouessant	French

Georgia

Georgia Sakartvelo (საქართველო)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Caucasus	Kavkasioni (კავკასიონი)	Georgian
Tiflis	Tbilisi (თბილისი)		Obsolete

Germany

See also: List of English exonyms for German toponyms and Names of Germany

This list does not include German place names with ß written with "ss" or umlauts being removed in some writing.

Germany Deutschland

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Aix-la-Chapelle	Aachen	Standard German	Archaic
	Oche	Ripuarian
Baltic Sea	Ostsee	Standard German
Bavaria	Bayern
Brunswick	Braunschweig		Archaic
	Brunswiek	Low Saxon
Cleves	Kleve	Standard German	Archaic
Coblence	Koblenz
Cologne	Kölle	Ripuarian
	Köln	Standard German
Constance	Konstanz		Dated
Danube river	Donau
Eastphalia	Oostfalen	Low Saxon
	Ostfalen	Standard German
Franconia	Franken
	Frankn	Austro-Bavarian
Franconian Jura	Frankenalb	Standard German	Frankenjura also used in German
Frankfort	Frangford (am Maa)	Hessian	Archaic
	Frankfurt (am Main)	Standard German
Hamelin	Hameln
Hanover	Hannober	Low Saxon
	Hannover	Standard German
Heligoland	deät Lun	Heligolandic North Frisian
	Hälilönj	Bökingharde North Frisian
	Helgoland	Standard German
Hesse	Hessen
Hessia
Hither Pomerania	Vorpommern
Kaufungen Forest	Kaufunger Wald
Kiel Canal	Nordostseekanal
Knüll	Knüllgebirge		German name also used in English
Lake Constance	Bodensee
Lower Bavarian Upland	Niederbayerisches Hügelland
Lusatia	Lausitz
	Łužica	Upper Sorbian
	Łužyca	Lower Sorbian
Malborow	Marburg	Standard German	Archaic
Mayence	Mainz
Mentz			Archaic, British English
Moselle river	Mosel
	Musel	Moselle Franconian
Munich	Minga	Austro-Bavarian
	München	Standard German
Nuremberg	Narrnberch	East Franconian
	Nürnberg	Standard German
Ore Mountains	Erzgebirge
Palatinate	Palz
	Pfalz
Pomerania	Pommern
Prussia	Preußen
Ratisbon	Regensburg		Archaic
	Rengschburch	Austro-Bavarian
Rhenish Massif	Rheinisches Schiefergebirge	Standard German
Rhine river	Rhein
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha	Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha		English now uses translation Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Saxony	Sachsen
	Sassen	Low Saxon
Swabia	Schwaben	Standard German
Szczecin Lagoon	Stettiner Haff
Thuringia	Thüringen
	Tréier	Moselle Franconian
Treves	Trier	Standard German	Archaic, French name
Western Pomerania	Vorpommern
Westphalia	Westfalen	Low Saxon
		Standard German

Greece

The exonym for Greece in English comes from Magna Graecia, which was a historical region in Italy colonized by the Greeks. The endonym Ellás comes from Hellen, the mythological ancestor of the Greeks.

Greece Elládha/ Ellás (Ελλάδα/ Ἑλλάς)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Attica	Attikí (Αττική)	Greek
Athens	Athína (Αθήνα)
Boetia	Voiotía (Βοιωτία)
Corfu	Kérkyra (Κέρκυρα)
Corinth	Kórinthos (Κόρινθος)
Crete	Kríti (Κρήτη)
Cyclades	Kykládhes (Κυκλάδες)
Dodecanese	Dhodhekánisa (Δωδεκάνησα)
Epirus	Ipeiros (Ήπειρος)
Euboea	Evvoia (Εύβοια)
Heraklion	Irákleio (Ηράκλειο)
Ithaca	Itháki (Ιθάκη)
Lepanto	Náfpaktos (Νάυπακτος)		Archaic
Macedonia	Makedonía (Μακεδονία)
Missolonghi	Mesológi (Μεσολόγγι)
Naupactus	Náfpaktos (Νάυπακτος)		Greek name also used in English
Navarino	Pýlos (Πύλος)		Archaic
Patras	Pátra (Πάτρα)
Peloponnese	Pelopónnisos (Πελοπόννησος)
Philippi	Fílippoi (Φίλιπποι)
Piraeus	Peiraiás (Πειραιάς)
Rhodes	Ródhos (Ρόδος)
Rhodope Mountains	Rodhópi (Ροδόπη)
Salonica	Thessaloníki (Θεσσαλονίκη)		Archaic
Samothrace	Samothráki (Σαμοθράκη)
Sparta	Spárti (Σπάρτη)
Thebes	Thíva (Θήβα)
Thessalonica	Thessaloníki (Θεσσαλονίκη)		Greek name also used in English
Thessaly	Thessalía (Θεσσαλία)
Thrace	Thráki (Θράκη)
Zante	Zákynthos (Ζάκυνθος)		Archaic

Hungary

Hungary Magyarország

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Carpathian Mountains	Kárpátok	Hungarian
Comorn	Komárom		Dated
Danube River	Duna
Pesth	Pest		Archaic

India

See also: List of renamed Indian public places

India Bhārat (भारत)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Allahabad	Prayagraj (प्रयागराज)	Hindi	Officially amended to Prayagraj but still in use in popular culture.
Allepey	Alappuzha (ആലപ്പുഴ)	Malayalam	Dated
Bangalore	Bengaluru (ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು)	Kannada
Benares	Varanasi (वाराणसी)	Hindi	Dated
Bombay	Mumbai (मुंबई)	Marathi
Calcutta	Kolkata (কলকাতা)	Bengali
Cawnpore	Kanpur (कानपुर)	Hindi	Obsolete
Cochin	Kochi (കൊച്ചി)	Malayalam
Delhi	Dilli (दिल्ली)	Hindi
Ganges River	Ganga (गंगा)
Indus River	Sindhū (सिन्धु)	Sanskrit
Jaypore	Jaipur (जयपुर)	Hindi	Obsolete
Laccadive Islands	Lakshadweep (ലക്ഷദ്വീപ്)	Malayalam
Madras	Chennai (சென்னை)	Tamil	Dated
Palghat	Palakkad (പാലക്കാട്)	Malayalam	Obsolete
Pondicherry	Puducherry (புதுச்சேரி)	Tamil	Dated
Poona	Pune (पुणे)	Marathi
Simla	Shimla (शिमला)	Hindi	Obsolete
Trivandrum	Thiruvananthapuram (തിരുവനന്തപുരം)	Malayalam

Indonesia

Indonesia

English name	Endonym		Note
	Name	Language
Bencoolen	Bengkulu	Indonesian	Historical
Billiton	Belitung		Obsolete
Borneo	Kalimantan		These exonyms are also unofficially used in Indonesia.
Celebes	Sulawesi
Ceram	Seram
Lesser Sunda Islands (Nusa Tenggara Islands)	Kepulauan Nusa Tenggara
	Kepulauan Sunda Kecil		Historical
New Guinea (Papua)	Papua
	Irian Jaya		Historical
	Nugini		Fossil word, only in compounds.
Tengaron	Tenggarong		Archaic

Iran

Iran Irān (اݐران)

English name	Endonym		Note
	Name	Language
Bushire	Bushehr (بوشهر)	Persian	Obsolete
Isfahan	Ešfahān (اصفهان)
Meshed	Mashhad (مشهد)		Obsolete
Teheran	Tehran (تهران)		Obsolete

Iraq

Iraq Al-Irāq (العراق)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Ctesiphon	Ṭaysafūn (طيسفون) or Qaṭaysfūn (قطيسفون)	Standard Arabic
Duhok	Dahūk (دهوك)
	Dihok (دهۆک)	Kurdish
	Beth Nohadra (ܒܝܬ ܢܘܗܕܪܐ)	Syriac
Euphrates River	Al-Furāt (الفُرات)	Standard Arabic
	Firat	Kurdish
	Pǝrāth (ܦܪܬ)	Syriac
Mosul	Al-Mawṣil (المَوْصِل)	Standard Arabic
	Māwṣil (ܡܘܨܠ)	Syriac
	Mosil (مووسڵ)	Kurdish
Tigris River	Deqlath (ܕܹܩܠܵܬ)	Syriac
	Dîcle (دیجلە)	Kurdish
	Dijla (دِجْلَة)	Standard Arabic

Ireland

Main article: Place names in Ireland

The vast majority of placenames in Ireland are anglicisations, or phonetic renderings, of Irish language names. The exceptions to this are listed here:

Ireland Éire

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Arklow	an tInbhear Mór	Irish
Carlingford	Cairlinn
Connaught	Connacht		Dated
Dalkey	Deilginis
Dursey	Baoi Bhéarra, Oileán Baoi
Dublin	Baile Átha Cliath
Fastnet	Carraig Aonair
Haulbowline	Inis Sionnach
Howth	Binn Éadair
Killarney	Cill Airne
Lambay	Reachrainn
Leinster	Laighin
Leixlip	Léim an Bhrádain
Meath	Mí
Munster	Mumhan
Oxmantown	Baile Lochlannach
Saltee	Na Sailtí
Selskar	Seilsceir
Skerries	Na Sceirí
Ulster	Ulaidh
Waterford	Port Láirge
Wexford	Loch Garman
Wicklow	Cill Mhantáin

Israel

The below listing is only a summary. Modern Israeli transcription systems (romanization of Hebrew) vary from the spellings of many hundreds of place names of Ancient Israel adopted by Bible translations - both Christian, such as the King James Version (1611) and also Jewish versions such as the JPS (1917).

Israel Yisrael (ישראל)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Acre	Ako (עכו)	Modern Hebrew	Greek name
Beersheba	Beer Sheva' (באר שבע)
Capernaum	Kfar Nachum (כפר נחום)		Latin name
Dead Sea	Āl-Baḥrū l-Maytū (اَلْبَحْرُ الْمَيْتُ)	Standard Arabic
	Yam hamMelaḥ (ים המלח)	Modern Hebrew
Galilee	haGalil (הגליל)
Jaffa	Yafo (יפו)
Joppa			Greek name, dated
Jerusalem	Ūršalīm (أُورُشَلِيمَ)	Standard Arabic
	Yerushalayim (ירושלים)	Modern Hebrew	Latin name
Nazareth	Natzrat (נצרת)		Greek name
Sea of Galilee	Imat Tbria (بحيرة طبريا)	Standard Arabic
	Yamat haKineret (ימת הכינרת)	Modern Hebrew
Safed	Tzfat (צפת)		Arabic name
Tiberias	Tverya (טבריה)		Greek name

Italy

Italy Italia

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Apulia	Puglia	Standard Italian
	Pùglia	Neapolitan
Aventine Hill	Aventino	Standard Italian
Caelian Hill	Celio
Capitoline Hill	Campidoglio
Florence	Firenze		French name
Genoa	Genova
	Zêna	Ligurian
Herculaneum	Ercolano	Standard Italian	English uses different names for the ancient and modern places
Janiculum	Gianicolo		Latin name
Latium	Lazio		English uses different names for the ancient and modern places
Leghorn	Livorno		Obsolete
Lombardy	Lombardéa	Lombard	French name
	Lombardia	Standard Italian
Montferrat	Monferrato	Standard Italian	French name
	Monfrà	Piedmontese
Naples	Napoli	Standard Italian
	Napule	Neapolitan
Padua	Padova	Standard Italian
	Pàdova	Venetian
Piedmont	Piemont	Piedmontese
	Piemonte	Standard Italian
Phlegraean Fields	Campi Flegrei
Pompeii	Pompei		Latin name
Pontine Marshes	Agro Pontino
Rome	Roma		French name
Rubicon River	Rubicone
Sardinia	Sardegna
Sicily	Sicilia
		Sicilian
Sienna	Siena	Standard Italian	Obsolete
Syracuse	Sarasusa	Sicilian
	Siracusa	Standard Italian
The Marches	Marche		Obsolete
Tiber	Tevere		Latin name
Tuscany	Toscana
Tyrol	Tirolo	Standard Italian
Venice	Venesia	Venetian	French name
	Venezia	Standard Italian
Vesuvius	Vesuvio	Neapolitan	Latin name
		Standard Italian

Many English exonyms were derived from the French variations, such as Rome and Venice.

Japan

Japan Nihon, Nippon (日本)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Bonin Islands	Ogasawara Guntou (小笠原群島)	Japanese
Iwo Jima	Iou-tou (硫黄島)		Alternative reading of endonym
Liancourt Rocks	Takeshima (竹島)

The English name for Japan derives from the Portuguese name for the country, Japão, which was based on a Chinese transcription of Japan's endonym, Nippon or Nihon (日本).

Laos

Laos Lāo (ລາວ)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Louangphabang	Luang Prabang (ຫລວງພະບາງ)	Lao	Also spelled Luangphabang
Savannakhet	Kaysone Phomvihane (ໄກສອນ ພົມວິຫານ)
Viangchan	Wīang chan (ວຽງຈັນ)
Vientiane			from French

An older variant of the country's name in English uses the definite article, the Laos, which is now obsolete.

Latvia

Latvia Latvija

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Courland	Kurzeme	Latvian
Lettgallia	Latgale		Dated
Semigallia	Zemgale

Lebanon

Lebanon Lubnān (لبنان)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Sidon	Ṣaydā (صيدا)	Standard Arabic
Tyre	Ṣūr (صور)
Tripoli	Ṭarābulus (طرابلس)

Libya

Libya Libiyā (ليبيا)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Cyrenaica	Barqah (برقة)	Standard Arabic
Sirte	Sirt (سرت)	Standard Arabic
Tripoli	Ṭrables	Berber
	Ṭarābulus (طرابلس)	Standard Arabic
	Ṭrābləs (طرابلس)	Maghrebi Arabic
Tripolitania	Ṭrables	Berber
	Ṭarābulus (طرابلس)	Standard Arabic
	Ṭrābləs (طرابلس)	Maghrebi Arabic

Lithuania

Lithuania Lietuva

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Neman river	Nemunas	Lithuanian
Nieman river			Dated
Samogitia	Žemaitija
Sudovia	Sudūva
Yotvingia	Dainava
Vilna or Wilna	Vilnius		Obsolete

Malaysia

Malaysia

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Malacca	Melaka	Malay
Penang Island	Pulau Pinang
Johore	Johor

Mexico

Mexico México

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Kino Bay	Hermosillo	Spanish

Moldova

Moldova

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Kishinev	Chișinău	Romanian	Obsolete

Mongolia

Mongolia Mongγol Ulus (Монгол Улc/ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Gobi Desert	Govi (Говь/ ᠭᠣᠪᠢ)	Mongolian
Ulan Bator	Ulaanbaatar (Улаанбаатар/ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ)		Obsolete

Morocco

Morocco Al-Magrib (المغرب)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Casablanca	Ad-Dār Al-Bayḍā' (الدار البيضاء)	Standard Arabic
	Kaza (كازا)	Moroccan Arabic	Informal name for the city
	Anfa (ⴰⵏⴼⴰ)	Berber
Fez	Fās (ⴼⴰⵙ)
	Fās (فاس)	Standard Arabic
Marrakesh	Murrākush (مراكش)
Tangier	Ṭanja (ⵟⴰⵏⵊⴰ)	Berber
	Ṭanjah (طنجة)	Standard Arabic

The English name for the country derives from the city name Marrakesh. The Arabic name for the country, al-Magrib (المغرب), is Arabic for "the west".

Myanmar

Myanmar Myanma (မြန်မာ)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Naypyidaw	Nay Pyi Taw (နေပြည်တော်)	Burmese
Pagan	Bagan (ပုဂံ)		Dated
Rangoon	Yangon (ရန်ကုန်မြို့)
Ummerapoora	Amarapura (အမရပူရ)

Nepal

Nepal Nepāl (नेपाल)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Mount Everest	Sagarmatha (सगरमाथा)	Nepali

Netherlands

Netherlands Nederland

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Brill	Brielle	Dutch	Obsolete
Dort	Dordrecht
Flushing	Vlissingen
Guelders	Gelderland		Dated
Leyden	Leiden		Dated
Meuse river	Maas		French name
Rhine river	Rijn
Ryswick	Rijswijk		Obsolete
The Hague	Den Haag

North Korea

The inhabitants of North Korea prefer the official name of the country, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), Chosŏn, or simply Korea.

North Korea Chosŏn (조선)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Diamond Mountain	Kŭmgang-san (금강산)	Korean	English now uses rough transliteration Mount Kumgang
Tumen River	Tuman-gang (두만강)		Mandarin name, as the river borders China
Yalu River	Amnok-kang (압록강)

Palestine

Palestine Filasṭīn (فلسطين)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Bethany	Al-'Eizariya (العيزرية)	Standard Arabic
Bethlehem	Beyt Laḥm (بيت لحم)	Levantine Arabic
	Bayta Laḥm (بيت لحم)	Standard Arabic
Gaza City	Ghazzah (غَزَّة)	Standard Arabic
Hebron	Al-Khalīl (الخليل)
Jericho	Arīḥā (أريحا)
Jerusalem	Al-Quds (القُدس)		Latin name

Philippines

Philippines Pilipinas

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Cebu	Sugbo	Cebuano
Davao	Dabaw
Manila	Maynila	Tagalog

Poland

Poland Polska

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Auschwitz	Oświęcim	Polish	Dated, German name
Breslau	Wrocław
Carpathian Mountains	Karpaty
Cracow	Kraków
Danzig	Gdańsk		Dated, German name
Giant Mountains	Karkonosze
Kashubia	Kaszëbë	Kashubian
	Kaszuby	Polish
Kuyavia	Kujawy
Mazovia	Mazowsze
Mazuria	Mazury
Oder river	Odra
Pomerania	Pomorze
Subcarpathia	Podkarpacie
Sudetes, Sudeten, Sudeten Mountains	Sudety
Silesia	Śląsk
	Ślōnsk	Silesian
Vistula river	Wisła	Polish
Warsaw	Warszawa

Portugal

Portugal

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Azores	Açores	Portuguese	Spanish name
Braganza	Bragança		Dated, Spanish name
Lisbon	Lisboa
Oporto	Porto		Obsolete
Tagus river	Tejo		Latin name

Romania

Romania România

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Bucharest	București	Romanian
Carpathian Mountains	Carpați
Danube River	Dunărea
Jassy	Iași		Obsolete
Northern Dobruja	Dobrogea, Dobrogea de Nord		Romanian part of the region of Dobruja
Transylvania	Transilvania
Wallachia	Țara Românească, Valahia

Russia

Russia Rossiya (Россия)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Archangel	Arkhangelsk (Архангельск)	Russian	Dated
Caucasus	Kavkaz (Кавказ)
Moscow	Moskva (Москва)	Russian
Orel	Oryol (Орёл)		Obsolete
Plescow	Pskov (Псков)		Obsolete
Saint Petersburg	Sankt-Peterburg (Санкт-Петербург)
Siberia	Sibir' (Сибирь)

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia As-Sa'ūdīyah (السعودية)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Jeddah	Jiddah (جِدَّة)	Standard Arabic
Mecca	Makkah (مکة)
Medina	Al-Madīnah (المدينة)
Riyadh	Er-Riyāḍ (الرياض)	Najdi Arabic
	Ar-Riyāḍ (الرياض)	Standard Arabic

Serbia

Serbia Srbija (Србија)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Balkan Mountains	Stara Planina (Стара Планина)	Serbian
Belgrade	Beograd (Београд)		French name
Danube river	Dunav (Дунав)

Slovakia

Slovakia Slovensko

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Carpathian Mountains	Karpaty	Slovak
Cassovia	Košice		Latin name
Danube river	Dunaj
Gerlach Peak	Gerlachovský štít
Maple Mountains	Javorníky
Slovak Ore Mountains	Slovenské rudohorie

Slovenia

Slovenia Slovenija

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Carinthia	Koroška	Slovene
Inner Carniola	Notranjska
Karawanks	Karavanke
Karst	Kras
Lower Carniola	Dolenjska
Slovene Littoral	Primorska
Styria	Štajerska
Upper Carniola	Gorenjska

Somalia

Somalia Soomaaliya

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Baidoa	Baydhabo	Somali
Chisimaio	Kismaayo		Obsolete
Mogadishu	Muqdisho
Villabruzzi	Jowhaar		Dated

South Africa

Many South African towns have multiple names due to the number of languages. Additionally, some places have been renamed from English and Afrikaans.

South Africa

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Aliwal North	Maletswai	Sotho
Fish Hoek	Vishoek	Afrikaans
Grahamstown	Grahamstad		Dated in Afrikaans and English
	iRhini	Xhosa
Makhanda
Queenstown	Komani	Sotho

South Korea

South Korea Hanguk (한국)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Liancourt Rocks	Dokdo (독도)	Korean
Port Hamilton	Geomundo (거문도)
Pusan	Busan (부산시)		Dated
Quelpart	Jeju (제주도)		Obsolete

Spain

English uses Spanish-language exonyms for some places in non-Spanish speaking regions of Spain.

Spain España

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Andalusia	Andalucía	Spanish
Basque Country	País Vasco
	Euskadi	Basque
Biscay	Bizkaia
	Vizcaya	Spanish
Castile	Castilla
Catalonia	Catalunya	Catalan	Latin name
Corunna	A Coruña	Galician	Obsolete
Douro	Duero	Spanish	Portuguese name
Majorca	Mallorca	Catalan	Dated
Minorca	Menorca
Navarre	Nafarroa	Basque
Pampeluna	Pamplona	Spanish	Dated
Saragossa	Zaragoza
Seville	Sevilla
Tagus	Tajo		Latin name
Teneriffe	Tenerife		Obsolete, French name
The Groyne	A Coruña	Galician	Obsolete
Vittoria	Vitoria-Gasteiz	Compound of the Spanish and Basque names (often used separately)	Dated
	Vitorixe	Basque form of Spanish name

Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka was known as Ceylon in English until 1972.

Sri Lanka Shri Lanka (ශ්‍රී ලංකා)/ Ilaṅkai (இலங்கை)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Adam's Peak	Civaṉoḷipātam (சிவனொளிபாதம்) Civaṉaṭipātam (சிவனடிபாதம்)	Tamil
	Śrī Pāda (ශ්‍රී පාද)	Sinhala
Batticaloa	Maṭṭakkaḷappu (மட்டக்களப்பு)	Tamil
	Madakalapuwa (මඩකලපුව)	Sinhala
Chilaw	Cilāpam (சிலாபம்)	Tamil
	Halawta (හලාවත)	Sinhala
Colombo	Kolamba (කොළඹ)
	Koḻumpu (கொழும்பு)	Tamil
Elephant Pass	Āṉaiyiṟavu (ஆனையிறவு)	Tamil
	Alimankada (අලිමංකඩ)	Sinhala
Galle	Galla (ගාල්ල)
	Kāli (காலி)	Tamil
Jaffna	Yāḻppāṇam (யாழ்ப்பாணம்)
	Yāpanaya (යාපනය)	Sinhala
Kandy	Kaṇṭi (கண்டி)	Tamil
	Mahanuwara (මහනුවර)	Sinhala
Kayts	Ūrkāvaṟtuṟai (ஊர்காவற்துறை)	Tamil
	Kayiṭs (කයිට්ස්)	Sinhala
Mutwal	Modara (මෝදර)
	Mukattuvāram (முகத்துவாரம்)	Tamil
Negombo	Meegumuwa (මීගමුව)	Sinhala
	Nirkolompu (நீர்கொழும்பு)	Tamil
Point Pedro	Paruttittuṟai (பருத்தித்துறை)
	Pēduru Tuḍuva (පේදුරු තුඩුව)	Sinhala
Pooneryn	Poonakary (பூநகரி)	Tamil
	Pūneriya (පූනෙරිය)	Sinhala
Trincomalee	Tirukōṇamalai (திருகோணமலை)	Tamil
	Thrikunamalaya (ත්‍රිකුණාමළය)	Sinhala

Sudan

Sudan As-Sūdān (السودان)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Khartoum	Al-Khurṭūm (الخُرطوم)	Standard Arabic
	El-Khortūm (الخرطوم)	Sudanese Arabic
Nile River	An-Nīl (النيل)	Standard Arabic
	En-Nīl (النيل)	Sudanese Arabic
Omdurman	Omm Dormān (أُم درمان)
	Umm Durmān (أُمّ دُرمان)	Standard Arabic
Port Sudan	Būr Sūdan (بور سودان)
	Bar'uut	Beja

Sweden

Sweden Sverige

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Dalecarlia	Dalarna	Elfdalian	Latin name; Swedish name also used
		Swedish
Gothenburg	Göteborg
North Bothnia	Norrbotten		Swedish name also used
Scania	Skåne		Latin name
The Dales	Dalarna	Elfdalian	Obsolete; translation of Swedish name
		Swedish
West Bothnia	Västerbotten	Swedish	Swedish name also used in English

Switzerland

See also: List of English exonyms for German toponyms

Historically, English-language sources borrowed French-language names for some places in German-speaking Switzerland. This is no longer done, and many sources now use German names for most Swiss German-speaking places.

Switzerland Schweiz/ Suisse/ Svizzera/ Svizra

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Basle	Basel	Standard German	Obsolete
Berne	Bern
Geneva	Genève	French
	Genf	Standard German
Lucerne	Luzern
Rhine River	Rhein
Valais	Wallis

Syria

Syria Sūrīyah (سورية)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Aleppo	Ḥalab (حَلَب)	Standard Arabic
		Levantine Arabic
Damascus	Dimashq (دِمَشْق)	Standard Arabic
	Dimash' (دِمَشْق)	Levantine Arabic
Euphrates River	Al-Furat (الفرات)	Standard Arabic
Homs	Ḥimṣ (حِمْص)
	Ḥumṣ (حُمْص)	Levantine Arabic
Palmyra	Tadmur (تَدْمُر)	Standard Arabic
		Levantine Arabic
Latakia	Al-Lādhiqīyah (اللاذقية)	Standard Arabic
	El-Lādi'iyyeh (اللاذقية)	Levantine Arabic

Thailand

Thailand was known as Siam in English until the Siamese revolution of 1932.

Thailand Prathet Thai (ประเทศไทย)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Bangkok	Krung Thep (กรุงเทพ)	Thai	Bangkok was the name of a village built on the west bank of the Chao Phraya river before it grew and became the new capital of Siam, after the fall of Ayutthaya in 1767. The city is called Krung Thep among Thai citizens, but Bangkok among non-Thai citizens. The Thai government has attempted to change the official English name to Krung Thep, but the unofficial name of Bangkok remains in common use.
Junk Ceylon	Phuket (ภูเก็ต)		Obsolete; a corruption of the Malay Tanjung Salang
Kanburi	Kanchanaburi (กาญจนบุรี)		Obsolete
Menam	Maenam Chao Praya (แม่น้ำเจ้าพระยา)		Obsolete
Odia	Ayutthaya (อยุธยา)
Singora	Songkhla (สงขลา)
Zimme	Chiang Mai (เชียงใหม่)

Taiwan

The main island of Taiwan is also known in English as Formosa. All Chinese names below are written in traditional characters. As mentioned above in the China section, many place names in Taiwan use either pinyin or Wade-Giles.

See also: Chinese language romanization in Taiwan

Taiwan (臺灣)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Pehoe	Phîⁿ-ô͘	Hokkien
	Penghu (澎湖)	Mandarin	Obsolete, from Min Nan name Phênô
Pescadores	Phîⁿ-ô͘	Hokkien
	Penghu (澎湖)	Mandarin	Dated, Portuguese name
Quemoy	Kimoi	Hokkien
	Kinmen (金門)	Mandarin	Possibly a Spanish or Portuguese transcription of the Zhengzhou Hokkien name for the city, Kim-mûi

Tunisia

Tunisia Tūnis (تونس)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Sfax	Sifaks (ⵙⵉⴼⴰⴽⵙ)	Berber
	Ṣfāqes (صفاقس)	Maghrebi Arabic
	Ṣafaqis (صفاقس)	Standard Arabic
Sousse	Susa	Berber
	Sūseh (سوسة)	Maghrebi Arabic
	Sūsah (سوسة)	Standard Arabic

Turkey

Turkey Türkiye

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Adalia	Antalya	Turkish	Dated
Adrianople	Edirne
Alexandretta	İskenderun
Anemurium	Anamur
Antioch	Antakya
Bosphorus	Boǧaziçi
Byzantium	İstanbul		Obsolete
Caeserea	Kayseri		Dated
Cappadocia	Kapadokya
Claudiopolis	Mut		Dated
Constantinople	İstanbul
Dardanelles	Çanakkale Boǧazı
Edessa	(Sanlı)urfa		Dated
Ephesus	Efes
Euphrates River	Fırat
Gallipoli	Gelibolu		Dated
Halicarnassus	Bodrum
Heraclea Pontica	Karadeniz Ereǧli
Iconium	Konya
Imbros	Gökçeada		Greek name
Istanbul	İstanbul		Some consider Istanbul to be an English exonym of İstanbul. Normally spelled without İ in English, even in sources which would otherwise use it.
Kerasous	Giresun		Dated
Laranda	Karaman
Magnesia ad Sipylum	Manisa
Nicaea	Iznik
Nicomedia	Izmit
Pergamon	Bergama
Philadelphia	Alaşehir
Prusa	Bursa
Scutari	Üsküdar		Dated
Seleucia	Silifke		Dated
Smyrna	İzmir
Tenedos	Bozcaada		Greek name
Thrace	Trakya
Tigris River	Dicle
Tralles	Aydın		Dated
Trebizond	Trabzon

In June 2022, the United Nations agreed to change the country's official name in English as Türkiye at the request of the Turkish government. However, the majority of English speakers still refer to the country as Turkey in daily use.

Ukraine

Ukraine Ukrayina (Україна)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Carpathian Ruthenia	Karpatska Rus' (Карпатська Русь)	Ukrainian	Historic region
Carpathian Ukraine	Karpatska Ukrayina (Карпатська Україна)
Chernobyl	Chornobyl (Чорнобиль)		Russian name
Crimea	Krym (Крим)		Region claimed by Russia, but many nations do not recognize it as part of Russia
Danube River	Dunai (Дунай)
Galicia	Halychyna (Галичина)		Historic region
Gorlovka	Horlivka (Горлівка)		Archaic, Russian name
Kharkov	Kharkiv (Харків)
Kiev	Kyiv (Київ)		Russian name; though the Russian endonym Kiev prevailed after the Soviet Union ended in 1991, in the late 2010s media outlets and governments began using Kyiv at the request of the Ukrainian government.
Krivoy Rog	Kryvyi Rih (Кривиі Ріг)		Archaic, Russian name
Podolia	Podillia (Поділля)		Historic region
Subcarpathia	Pidkarpattia (Підкарпаття)
Subcarpathian Ruthenia, Subcarpathian Rus	Pidkarpatska Rus' (Підкарпатська Русь)
Transcarpathia	Zakarpattia (Закарпаття)
Transcarpathian Ukraine	Zakarpatska Ukrayina (Закарпатська Україна)
Volhynia	Volyn' (Волинь)		Historic region

Vietnam

All cities and towns are often spelled without diacritics and/or as a single word without spaces. Such names are not listed here.

Vietnam Việt Nam

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Annamite Range	Dãy Trường Sơn	Vietnamese
Black River	Sông Đà
Faifo	Hội An		Obsolete
Fansipan	Phan Xi Păng
Marble Mountains	Ngũ Hành Sơn		Vietnamese name means "Five Elements Mountains"
Perfume River	Sông Hương		Vietnamese name means "Fragrant River"
West Lake	Hồ Tây

Yemen

Yemen al-Yaman (ٱلْيَمَنْ)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Socotra	Suquṭrá (سُقُطْرَىٰ)	Standard Arabic
	Saqatri (ساقطري)	Soqotri

See also

• List of European exonyms
• List of European regions with alternative names
• List of European rivers with alternative names
• List of English exonyms for German toponyms—some no longer current
• List of renamed Indian public places—some without current acceptance