The Sacred Bell of Great King Seongdeok (Korean: 성덕대왕신종; Hanja: 聖德大王神鍾) is the largest extant bronze bell in Korea. It is also known as the Emille Bell (에밀레종), after a legend about its casting, and as the Bell of Bongdeoksa, where it was first housed.[1] The bell was also previously housed at Gyeongjueupseong.[2]
| Bell of King Seongdeok | |
|---|---|
 The bell (2006) | |
 | |
| Designation | |
Official name | Sacred Bell of Great King Seongdeok |
| Designated | 1962-12-20 |
| Reference no. | 29 |
| Coordinates | 35°49′46.47″N 129°13′40.54″E / 35.8295750°N 129.2279278°E |
| Korean name | |
| Hangul | 성덕대왕신종 |
| Hanja | 聖德大王神鍾 |
| RR | Seongdeok daewang sinjong |
| MR | Sŏngdŏk taewang sinjong |
| Alternate name | |
| Hangul | 에밀레종 |
| Hanja | 에밀레鍾 |
| RR | Emillejong |
| MR | Emillejong |
The bell was commissioned by King Gyeongdeok to honor his father, King Seongdeok. However, King Gyeongdeok never lived to see the casting of the bell, as he died in AD 765. The bell was finally cast in AD 771, during the reign of Gyeongdeok's son, King Hyegong.[1]
Now housed in the Gyeongju National Museum, the bell was designated as the 29th national treasure of Korea on December 12, 1962. It measures 3.75 meters (12.3 ft) high, 2.27 meters (7.4 ft) in diameter at the lip, and 12 to 25 centimeters (4.7 to 9.8 in) in wall thickness. The Gyeongju National Museum weighed it in 1997, and found that its weight was 18.9 tons.[3]
Artistic characteristics
editThe bell is considered a masterpiece of Unified Silla art. It is unique among Korean bronze bells because of the presence of delicate designs and the title text, written in an elegant literary language. The whole structure, including its decorative elements, produces a wide range of sound frequencies; the sound tube absorbs high frequency waves, contributing to a distinctive beat.[4][5]
The hook of the bell is in the shape of a dragon's head. There are many relief patterns on the bell, including flower patterns along the rim and shoulder. There are also reliefs of lotus flowers, grass, and a pair of two apsaras (heavenly maidens). The striking point of the bell (dangjwa) is also in the shape of a lotus and sits between two of the apsara reliefs. The bottom of the bell is in a rhombic shape, designed to augment the sound reverberation.
The inscriptions on the bell (the title text), over a thousand Hanja, are a fine example of Korean calligraphy and carving. They provide detailed information about the bell and why it was cast.
The column the bell hangs on is quite firm. Even a column of the same diameter, made of a modern alloy, might bend under the weight of the bell, yet the bell still hangs on an ancient column that has lasted for several centuries.[6]
Apsara relief
Carved Korean calligraphy
Legend
editThe monks of Bongdeoksa went around to receive donations to make a bell to honor King Seongdeok. When the chief monk visited a house and asked for a donation, a woman came out and said that she was so poor that she had nothing but her child to give. The monk returned to the temple and had a dream that night which told him he needed the child to complete the bell. The next day, the monk asked the woman to give him the child and put the child in the molten iron. When the completed bell was rung, it sounded like "emille", the sound of a child desperately calling for his/her mother. This is how the bell came to be called Emille Bell.[7] The story emphasizes the need for great human sacrifice to create a sacred bell. It is also seen as an expression of the resentment of the people caused by the large-scale bell-making project.[8]
Whether the legend is true is disputed. The legend is not recorded in official history books. One of the oldest records about the legend is believed to be Homer Herbert's 1906 book The Passing of Korea, which states that the bell is in Seoul instead of Gyeongju.[9] Also, according to 1998 composition analysis by the Research Institute of Industrial Science & Technology, phosphorus, the main component of bones, was not detected,[10] debunking the legend. On the other hand, child's bones were found in a well made in Unified Silla, suggesting that human sacrifice may have existed in Silla.[11]
In modern media
editSee also
edit- Korean Bell of Friendship: Bell in the United States modeled after the Bell of King Seongdeok
- Bell of Yongjusa
References
edit- 1 2 "성덕대왕신종 (聖德大王神鐘)", 한국민족문화대백과사전 [Encyclopedia of Korean Culture] (in Korean), Academy of Korean Studies, retrieved 2025-02-04
- ↑ Administration, Cultural Heritage. "Gyeongjueupseong Walled Town - Heritage Search". Cultural Heritage Administration - English Site. Retrieved 2025-02-17.
- ↑ Korea Tourism Organization. "The Divine Bell of King Seongdeok". Visit Korea. Archived from the original on 2012-03-05. Retrieved 2021-03-28.
- ↑ Kim Seock Hyun, Beat Maps of King Song-Dok Bell, Beat Map Drawing Method of Bell Type Structures and Beat Maps of the King Seong-deok Divine Bell, archived from the original on 2019-11-27
- ↑ Kim, Seock-Hyun; Lee, Chi-Wook; Lee, Jang-Moo (March 2005). "Beat characteristics and beat maps of the King Seong-deok Divine Bell". Journal of Sound and Vibration. 281 (1–2): 21–44. Bibcode:2005JSV...281...21K. doi:10.1016/j.jsv.2004.01.038.
- ↑ Yu HengJun. "Chapter 9". 나의 문화유산답사기 [My Cultural Heritage Exploration]. Vol. Book 3.
- ↑ Song, Ji-hyeon. "아기의 울음소리가 들리는 에밀레종". Region N Culture.
- ↑ Oh, Se-jeong. "에밀레종". Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture.
- ↑ Song, Won-seop (September 12, 2010). "Unnecessary sacrifice". Korea Joongang Daily.
- ↑ Shin, Hyeong-jun (1998-08-13). "[야누스] 에밀레종에 진짜 어린애 넣었을까". Chosun Ilbo.
- ↑ Yoo, Seok-jae (2010-03-13). "[Why] [유석재의 新역사속의 WHY] 에밀레종 人身공양은 실제일까 우화일까". Chosun Ilbo.
- ↑ Abraham, Hannah (March 22, 2026). "Why Is Track 6 On BTS's 'ARIRANG' Silent? The Meaning Behind 'No. 29'". Forbes.
Further reading
edit- Allen, H. N. (1895). "Places of interest in Seoul" (PDF). The Korean Repository. II (5): 182–187 – via Old books about Korea online.
- Cable, E. M. (1925). "Old Korean Bells" (PDF). Transactions of the Korea Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. XVI: 1–45 – via Old books about Korea online.
- Coulson, Constance J. D. (1910). "The Sights of Seoul". Korea. Peeps at Many Lands. London: Adam & Charles Black. pp. 56–60 – via Internet Archive.
- Elias, Frank (1911). "Korea: Places, Bells, and Dogs". The Far East: China, Korea, Japan. Peeps at Many Lands. London: A. & C. Black. pp. 98–103 – via Internet Archive.
- Hulbert, Homer B. (1901). "The Spirit of the Bell, A Korean legend" (PDF). The Korean Review. I (1) – via Old books about Korea online.
- Hulbert, Homer B. (1906). The passing of Korea. New York: Doubleday, Page & company. p. 327 – via Internet Archive.
External links
edit
Media related to Bell of King Seongdeok at Wikimedia Commons- Cultural Heritage Administration
