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Last edited by Gvssy (talk | contribs) 8 days ago. (Update) |
| Battle of Malkværnsskansen | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Torstenson War | |||||||||
 Engraving of Nexø | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Swedish Empire |
 Denmark–Norway | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
Carl Gustav Wrangel | Placeholder | ||||||||
| Units involved | |||||||||
| Placeholder |
Malkværnsskansen garrison | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
| Placeholder | Placeholder | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| Placeholder | Placeholder | ||||||||
Background
editIn 1643, the Torstenson War broke out between Denmark and Sweden. Sweden invaded Jutland and Scania at once, with Lennart Torstensson leading the campaign in Jutland and Gustav Horn in Scania.[1]
Situation on Bornholm
editWhen the war broke out, Holger Rosencrantz was the commander of Bornholm. Previous requests to reinforce the island had gone unanswered by the Danish government. The island's fortress, Hammershus, was also in terrible condition. The island had several redoubts and artillery batteries along its shore, as well as a militia. The exact number of men the militia could muster is difficult to estimate. According to M.K. Zahrtmann, the militia consisted of 3,000 men, 2,400 of whom were capable of combat.[2]
Rosencrantz ordered that the shore be guarded day and night, and it was agreed that each parish on the island would send mounted peasants in the event of an emergency.[3]
Prelude
edit
On 25 May, orders from Stockholm for Carl Gustaf Wrangel to depart from Wismar arrived on board the ships Apollo and Enhorn, which also carried 300 sailors. In total, Wrangel had 19 ships, along with one fireship and a few smaller vessels. On 31 May, he departed from Wismar, setting course for Dornbusch, where he planned to rendezvous with Erik Ryning. Outside Darsserort on 1 June, two ships from Ryning's fleet, Rekompens and Västervik, notified him that Ryning would soon arrive at Dornbusch.[4]
Accordingly, Wrangel waited off the shore of Rügen for the first week of June awaiting Ryning's arrival. However, he soon learned of a failed Danish expedition to Gothenburg, and that the Danish fleet had returned to Copenhagen. As the Danish fleet was no longer a threat, and not having heard anything from Ryning, Wrangel decided to conquer Bornholm.[5][6][7]
On 8 June, Wrangel departed from Jasmund, arriving off Nexø in the evening with his fleet,[8][6] now some 29 ships strong[9] and carrying 900 men.[10]
Battle
editAftermath
editSee also
editCitations
edit- ↑ von Essen 2020, pp. 99 & 101.
- ↑ Jørgensen 1900, pp. 128–129.
- ↑ Jørgensen 1900, p. 130.
- ↑ Munthe 1910, p. 72.
- ↑ Munthe 1910, pp. 72–73.
- 1 2 Liljefalk 1913, p. 642.
- ↑ Vessberg 1895, p. 59.
- ↑ Munthe 1910, p. 73.
- ↑ Jørgensen 1900, p. 131.
- ↑ Bäckström 2018, p. 137.
References
edit- Vessberg, Vilhelm [in Swedish] (1895). Gustaf Horns fälttåg [Gustaf Horn's campaign]. Bidrag till historien om Sveriges krig med Danmark 1643–1645 (in Swedish). Vol. 1. Stockholm: Ivar Hæggströms Boktryckeri.
- Jørgensen, J. A [in Danish] (1900). Bornholms Historie: Fra oldtiden til 1660 [History of Bornholm: From ancient times to 1660] (PDF) (in Danish). Rønne: Frits Sørensens Boghandel.
- Munthe, Arnold (1910). Klas Fleming, Karl Gustaf Wrangel, Martin Thijsen Anckarhielm, danska kriget 1643—1645: Omfattande tiden från början af år 1645 till och med fredsslutet den 13 augusti. Svenska sjöhjältar (in Swedish). Vol. 5:3. Stockholm: P. A. Norstedt & Söners Förlag. OCLC 479751867.
- Liljefalk, Axel (1913). "Krigstildragelserne paa Søen fra Pros Munds Nederlag under Femern den 13. Oktober 1644 til Freden i Brømsebro". Tidsskrift for Søvæsen (in Danish). 84 (1). Copenhagen: Søe-Lieutenant-Selskabet: 605–650. ISSN 0040-7186.
- Zahrtmann, M.K. (1934). Borringholms historie [History of Bornholm] (PDF) (in Danish). Vol. 1. Rønne.
- Klindt, J. (1971). "Krig" [War]. Byen, landet, og havet: Nexø og omegns historie [The town, the country, and the sea: the history of Nexø and the surrounding area] (PDF) (in Danish). Vol. 1. Bornholms historiske samfund.
- Bäckström, Olli (2018). Katajala, Kimmo; Hirvonen, Helena (eds.). Snapphanar and Power States: Insurgency and the Transformation of War in Sweden and Denmark 1643–1645. Joensuu: University of Eastern Finland. ISBN 9789526129020.