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Gappa: The Triphibian Monster

(Redirected from Daikyojū Gappa)

Gappa: The Triphibian Monster (Japanese: 大巨獣ガッパ, Hepburn: Daikyojū Gappa; lit. 'Giant Beast Gappa') is a 1967 Japanese kaiju film directed by Haruyasu Noguchi.[1] The film is about a group of Japanese reporters who discover an infant monster called a Gappa on Obelisk Island. The reporters cage the creature and take it to Japan where it becomes a media attraction. This angers the natives of the island and Gappa's full-grown parents, who head toward Japan to find their child. Its plot virtually duplicates that of the 1961 British film Gorgo.

Gappa
Theatrical release poster
Directed byHaruyasu Noguchi[1]
Screenplay by
  • Iwao Yamazaki
  • Ryuzo Nakaishi[1]
Story byAkira Watanabe
Produced byHideo Koi[1]
StarringTamio Kawachi
Tatsuya Fuji
Yoko Yamamoto
Kōji Wada
CinematographyMuneo Ueda[1]
Edited byMasanori Tsujii[1]
Music bySaitaro Omori[1]
Production
company
Release date
  • April 22, 1967 (1967-04-22) (Japan)
Running time
84 minutes (Japanese)[2] / 90 (international)[3]
CountryJapan
LanguageJapanese
Budget¥500 million[4]

The film was released theatrically as Daikyojū Gappa in Japan in 1967, but only received a direct-to-television release in the United States as Monster from a Prehistoric Planet. It received positive reviews from Variety and Phil Hardy.

Plot

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An expedition from Tokyo heads to Obelisk Island, which the greedy Mr. Funazu, owner of Playmate Magazine, wants to turn into a resort. The island natives welcome the expedition, but two members, Hiroshi and Itoko, venture into a forbidden area despite the pleas of a native boy named Saki. They enter a cavern blocked by a fallen statue and find a giant egg, out of which hatches a baby "bird-lizard" monster, referred to as "Gappa". The natives plead with the skeptical scientists not to take the baby away, lest it anger the baby's parents, but they do so anyway. Inside the caverns, Gappa's two parents rise from the subterranean waters beneath the volcano, destroying everything in their path. Saki, the only survivor, is rescued by an American Navy fleet and brought to Japan.

Meanwhile, Gappa makes global headlines and is experimented on by scientists. To the shock of the expedition members, two giant flying creatures appear over Sagami Bay. The Gappa parents ravage cities looking for their offspring and prove impervious to military weapons. Hiroshi, Itoko, Saki, and expedition scientist Professor Tonooka try to persuade the headstrong Mr. Funazu to let the baby go and return it to its parents. Mr. Funazu finally lets Gappa go back to its parents. Then the three go back to Obelisk Island.

Cast

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  • Tamio Kawachi as Hiroshi Kurosaki
  • Yoko Yamamoto as Itoko Koyanagi
  • Yuji Okada as Daize Tonoka
  • Kōji Wada as Mashida
  • Tatsuya Fuji as George Inoue
  • Keisuke Inoue as Mr. Funazu, Magazine owner
  • Zenji Yamada as Captain of the Kamome-Maru
  • Bumon Koto as Chief of Obelisk Island
  • Kôtarô Sugie as Reporter #1
  • Saburô Hiromatsu as Hosoda
  • Binnosuke Nagao as Commander Riku
  • Masaru Kamiyama as Professor
  • Kokan Katsura as Saburo Hayashi
  • Shirô Oshimi as Oyama
  • Yoko Oyagi as Aihara
  • Sanpei Mine as Islander #1
  • Takashi Koshiba as Reporter #2
  • Kensuke Tamai as Islander #2
  • Minoru Sato as Reporter #3
  • Kiyoshi Matsuoka as Islander #3
  • Hiroshi Itoh as Reporter #4
  • Mike Danine as Petty Officer
  • Ruich Fidancer as Captain of the Sea Angels
  • Paul Scheman as Professor McDonald
  • Hiroshita Atami and Takashi Konagaias as Gappa (male)
  • Ken Misugi as Gappa (female)
  • Shiro Tonami as Baby Gappa

Production

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Studio system

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Although by different companies, Gappa: The Triphibian Monster and The X from Outer Space by Shochiku were produced and released simultaneously. Both shared similarities in production systems, being produced by the company Japan Tokusatsu Production,[note 1] involved Eiji Tsuburaya's teams, and being among non-Daiei kaiju works that received tax-based governmental loans,[note 2] as a result of Masaichi Nagata's[note 3] attempt to export Japanese films especially kaiju and tokusatsu genres, for the purpose of obtaining foreign currencies to restore the declining Japanese cinema; this consequently shaped the First Kaiju Boom [ja], an influential social phenomena that involved both films and became the basis for the Second Kaiju Boom [ja] and the Yōkai / Kaiki Boom.[5][7][8]

Writing

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The year 1967 was the height of Japan's “Kaiju Boom” and many Japanese film studios were doing their own monster film. Nikkatsu jumped onboard and decided to do their own film. Several ideas were hatched but not bore fruit. there was Giant Monster Gigant (大怪獣ギガント, Daikaiju Giganto): A giant alien lifeform resembling a spider arrives on Earth and causes destruction. Giant Squid Monster Arkitius (大烏賊アーキティウス, Oiki Akitiusu): During World War II, a Nazi U-boat is attacked by a giant squid called Arkitius. Giant Monster Momonra (怪獣モモンラ, Daikaiju Momonra): Japan is attacked by a giant mutated flying squirrel. And Reigon: Devil of the Seabed (海底の魔王レイゴン, Kaitei no mao Reigon): A giant manta ray dubbed “Reigon” appears one day and wreaks havoc across the world and then fights a giant iguana. This was the fourth and final unmade film in a series of concepts Nikkatsu Company had before making Gappa. This concept got the furthest into development out of the four scrapped projects, receiving a plot synopsis, speculative screenplay, and kaiju ideas. Planning was done by Hideo Kodama; the draft was written by Shunichi Yukimuro and Ryuzo Nakanishi.

Filming

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In an interview with the film's screenplay writers, Gen Yamazaki and Ryuzo Nakanishi, they explained that the film got government financing of about 500,000,000 yen (about $1.4 million), which was ten times the average of a Nikkatsu film. Eisei Koi, who was the producer of the film was classmates with politicians in the Diet and used his political power to get the money.

Principal photography on Gappa lasted for about 40 days, twice the time that director Haruyasu Noguchi usually took to shoot a film.

Special effects

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The monster suits and effects in the film were created by Akira Watanabe, a former employee of Toho.[9]

Release

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Gappa was released in Japan on April 22, 1967, as Daikyojū Gappa.[1][10] The film was never released theatrically in the United States.[11] American International Television first offered the film as Monster from a Prehistoric Planet[12][13] in the "15 New Science Fiction" television package beginning in 1967;[14] the film may have premiered on television in 1968.[1]

The English language dialogue track in the film's English version is credited to William Ross.[15][16]

Stuart Galbraith IV, author of Japanese Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films described the American version of the film as poorly dubbed and that home video versions prior to 1994 are poor dupes taken from a 16mm television print.[11] The film has been released on DVD by various companies including Alpha Video, Mill Creek Entertainment, Tokyo Shock and Image Entertainment.[17] Gappa the Triphibian Monster was released on Blu-ray in the United States on February 25, 2020, with both Japanese and English language audio as well as English subtitles.

Reception

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In contemporary reviews, Variety stated that the creature Gappa makes an "auspicious debut and reveals itself as "best monster" so far".[18] Variety concluded that "these are the only Japanese monsters one might like to see again" and that "Most effects are well done, a few superb" noting the destruction of Atami as one of the highlights.[18]

In retrospective reviews, Phil Hardy discussed the film in his book Science Fiction (1984).[19] The review complimented the film, noting that "the effects are excellent and the script is worthy of a witty children's comedy."[19] Stuart Galbraith IV described the film as an unauthorized remake of the 1961 British film Gorgo.[20] Galbraith described the human characters as "colorless reporters and scientists" and that "none of the actors is especially appealing."[9] Galbraith commented on Akira Watanabe's effects, opining that they were "okay but lack the perfectionist drive of Eiji Tsuburaya's work."[9]

Legacy

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See also

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Notes

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  1. ↑ Japan Tokusatsu Production was founded by Eiji Tsuburaya's acquaintances such as Keiji Kawakami [ja], Akira Watanabe, and Yukio Odagiri.[5]
  2. ↑ Toho and Toei Company intentionally avoided applying for the loans, while independent production studios such as Ishihara International Productions [ja] were unable to secure it due to their fiscal conditions.[5]
  3. ↑ Nagata was a former Nikkatsu employee, the Daiei Film president, and one of authors of the kaiju Gamera. Eiji Tsuburaya once attempted to join Daiei Film due to his early association with Nagata. Meanwhile Tsuburaya's involvements in Gappa: The Triphibian Monster and The X from Outer Space were apparent to filmmakers, it wasn't publicly announced, as the Japanese cinema had faced constraints from the Six-Company Agreement (Five-Company Agreement) led by Nagata himself.[5][6]

References

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Footnotes

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Galbraith IV 1994, p. 314.
  2. ↑ Galbraith IV 1998, p. 188.
  3. ↑ O'Neill 1994, p. 235.
  4. ↑ Stuart Galbraith IV (1998). Monsters Are Attacking Tokyo! The Incredible World of Japanese Fantasy Films. Feral House. p. 110. ISBN 0-922915-47-4.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Kazuyuki Suzuki (1 March 2024). "日本映画輸出振興協会 怪獣映画製作に税金が使われた時代". Cercle. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
  6. ↑ Karasawa, Shunichi [in Japanese] (14 April 2006). Gamera Genesis: Movie Director Noriaki Yuasa. Enterbrain. pp. 282–284.
  7. ↑ Takeshi, Tanigawa (August 2014). "海外輸出向けコンテンツとしての怪獣映画と日本映画輸出振興協会（輸振協）の活用" (in Japanese). International Research Center for Japanese Studies.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
  8. ↑ Anno, Hideaki; Shinji, Higuchi; Onoue, Katsuro; Sakai, Masayoshi [in Japanese]; Hikawa, Ryūsuke; Toshio, Miike [in Japanese] (2015). "平成24年度 メディア芸術情報拠点・コンソーシアム構築事業：日本特撮に関する調査" (pdf) (in Japanese). Mori Building Company, Agency for Cultural Affairs. p. 20. Retrieved 2026-04-17.
  9. 1 2 3 Galbraith IV 1994, p. 146.
  10. ↑ "大巨獣ガッパ" (in Japanese). Nikkatsu. Retrieved August 31, 2016.
  11. 1 2 Galbraith IV 1994, p. 147.
  12. ↑ Lee 1973, p. 156.
  13. ↑ "Monster from a Prehistoric Planet (1967)". AllMovie. Retrieved September 29, 2015.
  14. ↑ Craig 2019, p. 15, 429.
  15. ↑ Galbraith IV 1998, p. 40.
  16. ↑ Craig 2019, p. 261.
  17. ↑ "Monster from a Prehistoric Planet (1967)". AllMovie. Retrieved September 29, 2015.
  18. 1 2 Willis 1985, p. 217: "Review is of 90 minute Japanese-language version previewed in Tokyo. Review dated April 11, 1967"
  19. 1 2 Hardy 1984, p. 262.
  20. ↑ Galbraith IV 1994, p. 315.
  21. ↑ "キャラクターガイド【か】". こちら葛飾区亀有公園前派出所 データベース (in Japanese). Retrieved 2026-04-17.
  22. ↑ "In the Stocks". Red Dwarf. Retrieved March 20, 2017.
  23. ↑ Natsuhiko Kyogoku, 2018, USO Makoto Yōkai Hyaku Monogatari, "Kyu", 373–375, Kadokawa
  24. ↑ "Death Kappa: Tenth Anniversary Attack Edition". Doomed Records. Retrieved 2026-01-22.
  25. ↑ Movie Company Nikkatsu (9 September 2012). "今日は日活調布撮影所に来ています！ステージ入口には、最近秘密裏にできたらしいゆるキャラ、ガッパくんが。". X (in Japanese). Retrieved 2026-01-22.
  26. ↑ Kiyotaka Taguchi [ja], September 19, 2020, ニュージェネシリーズをチーフ助監督として支え続けている男・内田直之監督。田口は『TNGパトレイバー』「大怪獣熱海に現わる」以来の付き合い。
  27. ↑ Itō, Norihiro (19 July 2014). "ハリウッド版ゴジラに対抗? 熱海に怪獣が出現する実写版「パトレイバー」が公開". Sankei Shimbun (in Japanese). Retrieved 2026-01-22.
  28. ↑ "大怪獣が本当に現る?実写「パトレイバー」第4章の予告編とポスター解禁". eiga.com (in Japanese). 11 July 2014. Retrieved 2026-01-22.
  29. ↑ Endō, Masaki (28 August 2014). MANTANWEB 編集部 (ed.). "注目映画紹介：「THE NEXT GENERATION パトレイバー 第4章」大怪獣と爆弾騒ぎに奔". MANTANWEB [ja] (in Japanese). Retrieved 2026-01-22.
  30. ↑ Oshii, Mamoru; Noda, Makoto [in Japanese] (9 November 2020). "「パトレイバーTNG」と「海外ドラマはなぜ面白いか」の関係 - 祝・『映画で学ぶ現代史』刊行! 中編". Nikkei Buisiness [ja] (in Japanese). Retrieved 2026-01-22.
  31. ↑ Kaneko, Shusuke (26 March 2024). "Again, Minna Agechau". ガメラ監督日記 完全版. Shogakukan. pp. 119–125.
  32. ↑ "近日上映予定 - 映画作家・田中登". Cinema Vera (in Japanese). Retrieved 2026-04-22.
  33. ↑ Team Better Tomorrow, Avery Guerra. "YUZO THE BIGGEST BATTLE IN TOKYO -- First Look At Upcoming Daikaiju Movie!". SciFi Japan. Retrieved 2026-04-22.

Sources

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  • Craig, Rob (2019). American International Pictures: A Comprehensive Filmography. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. ISBN 9781476666310.
  • Galbraith IV, Stuart (1994). Japanese Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films. McFarland. ISBN 0-89950-853-7.
  • Galbraith IV, Stuart (1998). Monsters Are Attacking Tokyo! The Incredible World of Japanese Fantasy Films. Feral House. ISBN 0-922915-47-4.
  • Hardy, Phil, ed. (1984). Science Fiction. New York : Morrow. ISBN 0-688-00842-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
  • O'Neill, James (1994). Terror on Tape: A Complete Guide to Over 2,000 Horror Movies on Video. Billboard Books. ISBN 0-8230-7612-1.
  • Willis, Donald, ed. (1985). Variety's Complete Science Fiction Reviews. Garland Publishing Inc. ISBN 0-8240-6263-9.
  • Lee, Walter W (1973). Reference Guide to Fantastic Films. Chelsea-Lee Books.
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