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Gradiška, Bosnia and Herzegovina

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Gradiška (Serbian Cyrillic: Градишка), formerly Bosanska Gradiška (Serbian Cyrillic: Босанска Градишка), is a city and municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the 2013 census, the municipality had a population of 51,727, while the urban settlement of Gradiška had 14,368 inhabitants.

Gradiška
Градишка (Serbian)
City and municipality
City of Gradiška
City of Gradiška
Flag of Gradiška
Flag
Coat of arms of Gradiška
Coat of arms
Location of Gradiška within Bosnia and Herzegovina
Location of Gradiška within Bosnia and Herzegovina
Location of Gradiška
Coordinates: 45°08′45″N 17°15′14″E / 45.14583°N 17.25389°E / 45.14583; 17.25389
Country Bosnia and Herzegovina
Entity Republika Srpska
Geographical regionBosanska Krajina
Government
 • MayorZoran Adžić (SNSD)
Area
 • Total
761.74 km2 (294.11 sq mi)
Elevation
163 m (535 ft)
Population
 (2013 census)
 • Total
51,727
 • Density67.906/km2 (175.88/sq mi)
 • Urban settlement
14,368
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
78400
Area code+387 51
Websitewww.gradgradiska.com
Gradiška municipality by population proportional to the settlement with the highest and lowest population

Gradiška is located in the eastern part of the Krajina region, on the Lijevče plain and on the right bank of the Sava River, across from Stara Gradiška in Croatia. It is situated about 40 km (25 mi) north of Banja Luka.

History

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In the Roman period, the area of present-day Gradiška was of strategic importance, and a port of the Roman fleet was located there. Archaeological findings from the area include a viaduct.

Gradiški Brod was first mentioned as a town in c. 1330. It was important as a crossing point on the Sava River. By 1537, the town and its surroundings had come under Ottoman rule.

The Ottomans built a fortress in the town, which served as part of the northern defensive line of the Bosnia Eyalet. The town was also known as Berbir or Turska Gradiška because of the fortress. During the Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791), the battle for Turska Gradiška began on 23 June 1789. After the forces of Generalfeldmarschall Ernst Gideon von Laudon captured the fortress on 9 July, Johann Thomas Trattnern [de] made a map of it and Stara Gradiška.[1]

Following the First Serbian Uprising in the Sanjak of Smederevo, the Jančić's Revolt broke out in the Gradiška region against Ottoman rule in the Bosnia Eyalet. The revolt followed the erosion of the economic, national, and religious rights of Serbs. Hajduks also arrived from Serbia and were especially active on Kozara. Jovan Jančić Sarajlija organized the uprising with help from Metropolitan Benedikt Kraljević. The peasants took up arms on 23 September 1809 in the Gradiška region, beginning in Mašići. The fighting began on 25 September, and on the same night the Ottomans captured and executed Jančić. The rebels retreated to their villages, except for those in Kozara and Motajica, who continued to resist until their defeat in mid-October, after extensive looting and burning of villages by Ottoman forces.[2] Another revolt broke out in Mašići in 1834.[3]

Ottoman rule ended with the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878, following the Herzegovina Uprising (1875–1877). Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina ended in 1918, when the South Slavic territories of Austria-Hungary proclaimed the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, which subsequently joined the Kingdom of Serbia to form the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

From 1929 to 1941, Gradiška was part of the Vrbas Banovina of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

During Yugoslavia, the town was known as Bosanska Gradiška (Serbian Cyrillic: Босанска Градишка). During the Bosnian War, the town became part of Republika Srpska. After the war, the National Assembly of Republika Srpska changed the name, omitting Bosanska ("Bosnian"), as was also done with several other settlements, including Kostajnica, Dubica, Novi Grad, Petrovo, and Šamac.

On the night of 18 November 2004, Catholic priest Kazimir Višaticki was murdered in the clergy house of the St. Roch parish in Gradiška.[4]

Settlements

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Aside from the town of Gradiška, the municipality includes 74 other settlements:

Demographics

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Population

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According to census data, the municipality recorded its highest listed population in 1991, while the population declined between the 1991 and 2013 censuses.

Historical population of the municipality

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Year Population
1885 29,962
1895 37,797
1910 41,868
1921 45,190
1931 57,235
1948 46,013
1953 48,056
1961 50,143
1971 53,581
1981 58,095
1991 59,974
2013 51,727

Population by settlement

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Settlement 1991 2013 Change
Berek 482 412 −70
Bistrica 795 432 −363
Bok Jankovac 754 1,161 +407
Brestovčina 360 1,027 +667
Bukovac 349 371 +22
Čatrnja 768 697 −71
Cerovljani 604 367 −237
Čikule 369 255 −114
Cimiroti 331 202 −129
Donji Karajzovci 600 548 −52
Donji Podgradci 957 758 −199
Dubrave 2,581 1,534 −1,047
Elezagići 561 528 −33
Gašnica 443 324 −119
Gornja Lipovača 992 500 −492
Gornji Karajzovci 537 484 −53
Gornji Podgradci 2,378 1,656 −722
Gradiška 16,841 14,368 −2,473
Grbavci 991 594 −397
Jablanica 745 438 −307
Kijevci 381 212 −169
Kočićevo 631 463 −168
Kozinci 908 1,661 +753
Krajišnik 528 617 +89
Kruškik 1,074 1,119 +45
Laminci Brezici 1,415 1,847 +432
Laminci Dubrave 591 438 −153
Laminci Jaružani 394 287 −107
Laminci Sređani 574 456 −118
Liskovac 1,467 1,080 −387
Lužani 275 238 −37
Mačkovac 476 266 −210
Mašići 1,359 1,153 −206
Miloševo Brdo 439 241 −198
Nova Topola 2,191 2,324 +133
Orahova 2,479 1,185 −1,294
Petrovo Selo 358 329 −29
Rogolji 741 668 −73
Romanovci 1,199 976 −223
Rovine 1,016 1,422 +406
Seferovci 502 504 +2
Sovjak 307 208 −99
Trebovljani 425 348 −77
Trošelji 550 559 +9
Turjak 415 268 −147
Vakuf 416 342 −74
Vilusi 887 736 −151
Vrbaška 1,057 779 −278
Žeravica 335 482 +147

Ethnic composition

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Gradiška city

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Ethnic group 2013 1991 1981 1971
Total 14,368 (100.0%) 16,841 (100.0%) 13,475 (100.0%) 9,585 (100.0%)
Serbs 11,122 (77.41%) 6,502 (38.61%) 4,251 (31.55%) 2,911 (30.37%)
Bosniaks 2,408 (16.76%) 7,188 (42.68%) 5,033 (37.35%) 5,377 (56.10%)
Croats 294 (2.05%) 781 (4.64%) 730 (5.42%) 808 (8.43%)
Unaffiliated 214 (1.49%)
Others 174 (1.21%) 582 (3.46%) 99 (0.74%) 121 (1.26%)
Yugoslavs 38 (0.26%) 1,788 (10.62%) 3,218 (23.88%) 306 (3.19%)
Roma 34 (0.24%) 42 (0.31%) 9 (0.09%)
Albanians 29 (0.20%) 44 (0.33%) 25 (0.26%)
Ukrainians 17 (0.12%)
Unknown 16 (0.11%)
Montenegrins 14 (0.10%) 29 (0.22%) 12 (0.13%)
Slovenes 5 (0.04%) 20 (0.15%) 14 (0.15%)
Macedonians 3 (0.02%) 9 (0.07%) 2 (0.02%)

Gradiška municipality

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Ethnic group 2013 1991 1981 1971
Total 51,727 (100.0%) 59,974 (100.0%) 58,095 (100.0%) 53,581 (100.0%)
Serbs 41,863 (80.93%) 35,753 (59.61%) 32,825 (56.50%) 35,038 (65.39%)
Bosniaks 7,580 (14.65%) 15,851 (26.43%) 13,026 (22.42%) 12,688 (23.68%)
Croats 826 (1.60%) 3,417 (5.70%) 3,544 (6.10%) 4,415 (8.24%)
Unaffiliated 416 (0.80%)
Roma 395 (0.76%) 232 (0.40%) 29 (0.05%)
Others 340 (0.66%) 1,642 (2.74%) 660 (1.14%) 849 (1.58%)
Ukrainians 111 (0.21%)
Yugoslavs 76 (0.15%) 3,311 (5.52%) 7,638 (13.15%) 415 (0.77%)
Unknown 43 (0.08%)
Albanians 30 (0.06%) 70 (0.12%) 56 (0.10%)
Montenegrins 29 (0.06%) 57 (0.10%) 61 (0.11%)
Slovenes 14 (0.03%) 31 (0.05%) 25 (0.05%)
Macedonians 4 (0.01%) 12 (0.02%) 5 (0.01%)

Culture

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Serbian Orthodox church in Gradiška
Monument dedicated to fallen Serb fighters of the Bosnian War
Memorial fountain dedicated to Diana Budisavljević

The town has a Serbian Orthodox church dedicated to the Mother of God. There is also a mosque known as the Džamija Begluk.

Sports

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Local football club Kozara has played in the top tier of the Bosnia and Herzegovina football pyramid, although it has spent most seasons in the country's second level, the First League of the Republika Srpska.

Economy

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The following table gives a preview of the total number of registered people employed in legal entities by their core activity, as of 2018:[5]

Activity Total
Agriculture, forestry and fishing 320
Mining and quarrying 4
Manufacturing 2,916
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 171
Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities 234
Construction 267
Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 1,956
Transportation and storage 452
Accommodation and food services 543
Information and communication 71
Financial and insurance activities 114
Real estate activities 24
Professional, scientific and technical activities 323
Administrative and support service activities 77
Public administration and defense; compulsory social security 581
Education 840
Human health and social work activities 661
Arts, entertainment and recreation 62
Other service activities 222
Total 9,838

== Notable people ==

International relations

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Twin towns and sister cities

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Gradiška is twinned with:[6]

Partnerships

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Gradiška also cooperates with:[7]

See also

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References

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  1. ↑ Trattnern 1789
  2. ↑ Стојан Бијелић. Машићка буна. Врбаске новине бр. 107 ст. 5, 1933.
  3. ↑ "Istorija Mašića". GradiskaSela.net. Archived from the original on 25 September 2009.
  4. ↑ "The anniversary of the death of Msgr. Kazimir Višaticki". biskupija-banjaluka.org. Roman Catholic Diocese of Banja Luka. 14 November 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  5. ↑ "Cities and Municipalities of Republika Srpska" (PDF). rzs.rs.ba. Republika Srpska Institute of Statistics. 25 December 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  6. ↑ "Побратимски градови". gradgradiska.com (in Serbian). Gradiška. 24 April 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  7. ↑ "Партнерски градови / општине". gradgradiska.com (in Serbian). Gradiška. 24 April 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2021.

Bibliography

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