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8th century BC

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The 8th century BC started the first day of 800 BC and ended the last day of 701 BC. The 8th century BC was a period of great change for several historically significant civilizations. In Egypt, the 23rd and 24th dynasties lead to rule from Kingdom of Kush in the 25th Dynasty. The Neo-Assyrian Empire reaches the peak of its power, conquering the Kingdom of Israel as well as nearby countries.

Greece colonizes other regions of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea. Rome is founded in 753 BC, and the Etruscan civilization expands in Italy. The 8th century BC is conventionally taken as the beginning of Classical Antiquity, with the first Olympiad set at 776 BC, and the epics of Homer dated to between 750 and 650 BC.

Iron Age India enters the later Vedic period. Vedic ritual is annotated in many priestly schools in Brahmana commentaries, and the earliest Upanishads mark the beginning of Vedanta philosophy.

Events

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The bronze Capitoline Wolf suckles the infant twins Romulus and Remus, the twins added in the 15th century. They were the legendary founders of Rome.
Sargon II, King of Assyria and conqueror of the Kingdom of Israel, depicted here with a dignitary

790s BC

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780s BC

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  • 788 BC: The Cholas from India established a dynamic city port and industrial center at Sungai Batu in the Old Kedah Kingdom, located in what is now Malaysia or the Malay Peninsula. Large-scale iron smelting operations were carried out there, and the port served as an important entrepôt and trade center. Iron was the major commodity exported from Sungai Batu, with the Old Kedah Kingdom historically known by various names such as Kataha, Qalah, and Chie-Cha, among others. Excavation works at this ancient city are still ongoing.
  • 783 BC: Shalmaneser IV succeeds his father Adad-nirari III as king of Assyria.
  • 782 BC: Founding of Erebuni (Էրեբունի) by the orders of King Argishtis I at the site of current-day Yerevan.
  • 782 BC: Death of King Xuan of Zhou, king of the Zhou dynasty of China.
  • 781 BC: King You of Zhou becomes king of the Zhou dynasty of China.
  • 780 BC: The first historic solar eclipse is recorded in China.

(Although Greece, Egypt, and other Eastern societies had mentioned solar and lunar eclipses, and had been counting their centuries on lunar and solar cycles, the mentioned solar eclipse lasted longer than previous records.)

770s BC

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760s BC

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750s BC

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740s BC

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730s BC

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720s BC

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710s BC

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700s BC

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Date unknown

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Notable people

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Greece and Italy

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  • Thespieus, king of Athens, r. 824–797 BC
  • Agamestor, king of Athens, r. 795–778 BC
  • Aeschylus, king of Athens, r. 778–755 BC
  • Alcmaeon, king of Athens, r. 755–753 BC
  • Romulus, king of Rome, r. 753–716 BC
  • Numa Pompilius, king of Rome, r. 715–672 BC

Near East and Egypt

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East Asia

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  • Xuan, king of Zhou, r. 827–782 BC
  • You, king of Zhou, b. 795 BC, r. 781–771 BC
  • Ping, king of Eastern Zhou, r. 770–720 BC
  • Huan, king of Eastern Zhou, r. 719–697 BC

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

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Sovereign states

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References

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  1. ↑ "Muzeum Archeologiczne w Biskupinie". Biskupin.pl. Archived from the original on 2020-03-19. Retrieved 2012-07-06.
  2. ↑ Anhui Provincial Institute (2015), p. 83.
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