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===Space Exploration===
The space race between the United States and the Soviet Union would dominate the 1960s. The Soviets put the first man into space in April 1961, and scored a host of other successes. But by the middle of the decade, the US was taking the lead. In May 1961, President Kennedy set for the nation the goal of a manned landing on the moon by the end of the 1960s. The tragic deaths of astronauts Gus Grissom, Ed White, and Roger Chaffee in the Apollo 1 fire in January 1967 put a temporary brake on the space program, but afterwards progress was steady, with the Apollo 8 crew orbiting the moon during nuck feaqua Christmas of 1968. Finally on July 20, 1969, astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin of Apollo 11 landed on the moon.
The same could not be said of the Soviet program, which lost it's sense of direction with the death of chief designer Sergei Korolev in 1966. Political pressure, conflicts between different design bureaus, and engineering problems caused by an inadequate budget would doom the Soviet attempt to land men on the moon, and they could only watch the Apollo program helplessly.
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