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1874–75 United States House of Representatives elections

(Redirected from 1874 New York's 3rd congressional district special election)

The 1874–75 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between June 1, 1874, and September 7, 1875. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 44th United States Congress convened on December 6, 1875. Elections were held for all 292 seats, representing 37 states.

1874–75 United States House of Representatives elections
← 1872 & 1873
November 3, 1874[a]
1876 & 1877 →
All 292 seats in the United States House of Representatives[b]
147 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader Michael Kerr James G. Blaine
Party Democratic Republican
Leader's seat Indiana 3rd Maine 3rd
Last election 88 seats 195 seats
Seats won 180[1] 103[1]
Seat change Increase 92 Decrease 92
Popular vote 3,061,888 2,766,257
Percentage 49.12% 44.38%
Swing Increase 7.12pp Decrease 8.47pp
  Third party Fourth party
 
Party Anti-Monopoly Reform
Last election 0 seats 0 seats
Seats won 1 1
Seat change Increase 1 Increase 1
Popular vote 79,816 9,546
Percentage 1.28% 0.15%
Swing New party New party
  Fifth party
 
Party Independent
Last election 1 seat[c]
Seats won 4[d][e]
Seat change Increase 3
Popular vote 276,554
Percentage 4.44%
Swing Increase 2.19pp
Results:
     Democratic hold      Democratic gain
     Republican hold      Republican gain
     Independent hold
Speaker before election

James G. Blaine
Republican

 Elected Speaker

Michael Kerr
Democratic

These elections were held in the middle of President Ulysses S. Grant's second term with a deep economic depression underway. It was an important turning point, as the Republicans lost heavily and the Democrats gained control of the House. It signaled the imminent end of Reconstruction, which Democrats opposed. Historians emphasize the factors of economic depression and attacks on the Grant administration for corruption as key factors in the vote.[2]

With the election following the Panic of 1873, Grant's Republican Party was crushed in the elections, losing their majority and almost half their seats to the Democratic Party. This was the first period of Democratic control since the prewar era. The economic crisis and the inability of Grant to find a solution led to his party's defeat. This was the second-largest swing in the history of the House (only behind the 1894 elections), and is the largest House loss in the history of the Republican Party.

In the south, the Democrats continued their systematic destruction of the Republican coalition. In the South, Scalawags moved into the Democratic Party. The Democratic landslide signaled the imminent end of Reconstruction, which Democrats opposed and a realignment of the Republican coalition that had dominated American politics since the late 1850s.[3]

While the ongoing end of Reconstruction in the South was one of the main reasons for the shift, turn-of-the-century historian James Ford Rhodes explored the multiple causes of the results in the North:[4]

In the fall elections of 1874 the issue was clearly defined: Did the Republican President Ulysses S. Grant and Congress deserve the confidence of the country? and the answer was unmistakably No ... The Democrats had won a signal victory, obtaining control of the next House of Representatives which would stand Democrats 168, Liberals and Independents 14, Republicans 108 as against the two-thirds Republican majority secured by the election of 1872. Since 1861 the Republicans had controlled the House and now with its loss came a decrease in their majority in the Senate ...

Rhodes continues:

The political revolution from 1872 to 1874 was due to the failure of the Southern policy of the Republican party, to the Credit Mobilier and Sanborn contract scandals, to corrupt and inefficient administration in many departments and to the persistent advocacy of Grant by some close friends and hangers-on for a third presidential term. Some among the opposition were influenced by the President's backsliding in the cause of civil service reform, and others by the failure of the Republican party to grapple successfully with the financial question. The depression, following the financial Panic of 1873, and the number of men consequently out of employment weighed in the scale against the party in power. In Ohio, the result was affected by the temperance crusade in the early part of the year. Bands of women of good social standing marched to saloons before which or in which they sang hymns and, kneeling down, prayed that the great evil of drink might be removed. Sympathizing men wrought with them in causing the strict law of the State against the sale of strong liquor to be rigidly enforced. Since Republicans were in the main the instigators of the movement, it alienated from their party a large portion of the German American vote.

Special elections

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Election summaries

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↓
182 8 103
Democratic [f] Republican
State Type Total
seats		 Democratic Republican Independent
Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change
Alabama District
+ 2 at-large		 8 6 Increase 4 2 Decrease 4 0 Steady
Arkansas District 4 4 Increase 4 0 Decrease 4 0 Steady
California[g] District 4 3 Increase 2 1 Decrease 2 0 Steady
Connecticut[g] District 4 3 Increase 2 1 Decrease 2 0 Steady
Delaware At-large 1 1 Increase 1 0 Decrease 1 0 Steady
Florida District 2 1 Increase 1 1 Decrease 1 0 Steady
Georgia[h] District 9 9[e] Increase 2 0 Decrease 2 0 Steady
Illinois District 19 11 Increase 6 6 Decrease 8 2 Increase 2
Indiana[h] District 13 8 Increase 5 5 Decrease 5 0 Steady
Iowa[h] District 9 1 Increase 1 8 Decrease 1 0 Steady
Kansas District 3 1 Increase 1 2 Decrease 1 0 Steady
Kentucky District 10 9 Decrease 1 1 Increase 1 0 Steady
Louisiana District 6 4 Increase 3 2 Decrease 2 0 Steady
Maine[h] District 5 0 Steady 5 Steady 0 Steady
Maryland District 6 6 Increase 2 0 Decrease 2 0 Steady
Massachusetts District 11 5 Increase 5 4 Decrease 7 2 Increase 2
Michigan District 9 3 Increase 3 6 Decrease 3 0 Steady
Minnesota District 3 0 Steady 3 Steady 0 Steady
Mississippi District 6 4 Increase 3 2[i] Decrease 3 0 Steady
Missouri District 13 13 Increase 4 0 Decrease 4 0 Steady
Nebraska[h] At-large 1 0 Steady 1 Steady 0 Steady
Nevada At-large 1 0 Decrease 1 1 Increase 1 0 Steady
New Hampshire[g] District 3 2 Increase 1 1 Decrease 1 0 Steady
New Jersey District 7 5 Increase 4 2 Decrease 4 0 Steady
New York District 33 17 Increase 8 16[i] Decrease 8 0 Steady
North Carolina[h] District 8 7 Increase 2 1 Decrease 2 0 Steady
Ohio[h] District 20 13 Increase 7 7 Decrease 7 0 Steady
Oregon[h] At-large 1 1 Increase 1 0 Decrease 1 0 Steady
Pennsylvania District 27 17 Increase 12 10 Decrease 12 0 Steady
Rhode Island District 2 0 Steady 2 Steady 0 Steady
South Carolina District 5 0 Steady 5 Steady 0 Steady
Tennessee District 10 9 Increase 6 1 Decrease 6 0 Steady
Texas District 6 6 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Vermont[h] District 3 0 Steady 3[i] Steady 0 Steady
Virginia District 9 8 Increase 4 1 Decrease 4 0 Steady
West Virginia[h] District 3 3 Increase 1 0 Decrease 1 0 Steady
Wisconsin District 8 3 Increase 1 5 Decrease 1 0 Steady
Total 293[b] 183[e]
62.5%		 Increase 94 105[d]
36.2%		 Decrease 93 4
1.4%		 Increase 4
Popular vote
Democratic
 
 49.12%
Republican
 
 44.38%
Anti-Monopoly
 
 1.28%
Reform
 
 0.15%
Independent
 
 4.44%
Others
 
 0.63%
House seats
Democratic
 
 61.43%
Republican
 
 35.15%
Anti-Monopoly
 
 0.34%
Reform
 
 0.34%
Independent
 
 2.74%
House seats by party holding plurality in state
  80+% Democratic
  80+% Republican
  60+% to 80% Democratic
  60+% to 80% Republican
  Up to 60% Democratic
  Up to 60% Republican
Net gain in party representation
  6+ Democratic gain
  6+ Republican gain
  3-5 Democratic gain
  3-5 Republican gain
  1-2 Democratic gain
  1-2 Republican gain
  no net change

Election dates

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In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform nationwide date for choosing Presidential electors.[5] This law did not affect election dates for Congress, which remained within the jurisdiction of State governments, but over time, the states moved their congressional elections to this date as well. In 1874–75, there were still 10 states with earlier election dates, and 3 states with later election dates:

Alabama

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District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Alabama 1 Frederick G. Bromberg Liberal Republican 1872 Incumbent lost re-election as a Democratic candidate.
Republican gain.
Alabama 2 James T. Rapier Republican 1872 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Alabama 3 Charles Pelham Republican 1872 Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Taul Bradford (Democratic) 58.0%
  • ▌ William H. Betts (Republican) 42.0%
Alabama 4 Charles Hays Republican 1868 Incumbent re-elected.
Alabama 5 John Henry Caldwell Democratic 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
Alabama 6 Joseph Humphrey Sloss Democratic 1870 Incumbent lost renomination and lost re-election as an Independent Democratic candidate.
Democratic hold.
Alabama at-large Charles Christopher Sheats Republican 1872 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Alabama at-large Alexander White Republican 1872 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.

[6]

Arkansas

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District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[7]
Arkansas 1 Asa Hodges Republican 1872 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Lucien C. Gause (Democratic) 64.0%
  • ▌William H. Rogers (Republican) 36.0%
Arkansas 2 Oliver P. Snyder Republican 1870 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
Arkansas 3 William J. Hynes
Redistricted from the at-large district		 Republican 1872 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Arkansas 4 Thomas M. Gunter
Redistricted from the 3rd district		 Democratic 1872[j] Incumbent re-elected.

Arizona Territory

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See Non-voting delegates, below.

California

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District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
California 1 Charles Clayton Republican 1872 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
California 2 Horace F. Page Republican 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Horace F. Page (Republican) 43.4%
  • ▌Henry Larkin (Democratic) 38.7%
  • ▌Charles A. Tuttle (Independent) 17.8%
California 3 John K. Luttrell Democratic 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY John K. Luttrell (Democratic) 46.7%
  • ▌C. B. Denio (Republican) 36.1%
  • ▌Charles F. Reed (Independent) 17.1%
California 4 Sherman O. Houghton Republican 1871 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.

Colorado Territory

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See Non-voting delegates, below.

Connecticut

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District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[8]
Connecticut 1 Joseph R. Hawley Republican 1872 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Connecticut 2 Stephen Kellogg Republican 1869 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Connecticut 3 Henry H. Starkweather Republican 1867 Incumbent re-elected
Connecticut 4 William Barnum Democratic 1867 Incumbent re-elected.

Delaware

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District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Delaware at-large James R. Lofland Republican 1872 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.

Florida

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District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Florida 1 William J. Purman
Redistricted from the at-large district		 Republican 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
Florida 2 Josiah T. Walls
Redistricted from the at-large district		 Republican 1870 Incumbent re-elected.
Election successfully contested.
New member seated April 19, 1876.
Democratic gain.

Georgia

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District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Georgia 1 Andrew Sloan Republican 1872 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Julian Hartridge (Democratic) 59.4%
  • ▌ John E. Bryant (Republican) 35.5%
  • ▌ John Wimberley (Independent Republican) 5.1%
Georgia 2 Richard H. Whiteley Republican 1870 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Georgia 3 Philip Cook Democratic 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Philip Cook (Democratic) 67.4%
  • ▌ John Brown (Republican) 32.6%
Georgia 4 Henry R. Harris Democratic 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
Georgia 5 James C. Freeman Republican 1872 Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic gain.
Georgia 6 James H. Blount Democratic 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY James H. Blount (Democratic) 78.4%
  • ▌ Samuel G. Gove (Republican) 21.6%
Georgia 7 Pierce M. B. Young Democratic 1868 Incumbent lost renomination.
Independent Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY William H. Felton (Independent Democratic) 49.6%
  • ▌ W. H. Dabney (Democratic) 49.1%
  • ▌ N. P. Harden (Republican) 1.3%
Georgia 8 Alexander H. Stephens Democratic 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
Georgia 9 Hiram Parks Bell Democratic 1872 Incumbent retired.
Winner died before start of term.
Democratic hold.

[6]

Idaho Territory

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See Non-voting delegates, below.

Illinois

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District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Illinois 1 John Blake Rice Republican 1872 Incumbent retired and then died. Winner also elected to finish term.
Democratic gain.
Illinois 2 Jasper D. Ward Republican 1872 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Illinois 3 Charles B. Farwell Republican 1870 Incumbent re-elected
Election successfully contested.
New member seated May 6, 1876.
Democratic gain.
Illinois 4 Stephen A. Hurlbut Republican 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
Illinois 5 Horatio C. Burchard Republican 1869 Incumbent re-elected.
Illinois 6 John B. Hawley Republican 1868 Incumbent lost renomination.
Republican hold.
Illinois 7 Franklin Corwin Republican 1872 Incumbent lost re-election.
Independent gain.
Illinois 8 Greenbury L. Fort Republican 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
Illinois 9 Granville Barrere Republican 1872 Incumbent lost renomination.
Republican hold.
Illinois 10 William H. Ray Republican 1872 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY John C. Bagby (Democratic) 52.6%
  • ▌ Henderson Richey (Republican) 47.4%
Illinois 11 Robert M. Knapp Democratic 1872 Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Scott Wike (Democratic) 59.2%
  • ▌ David Beatty (Republican) 38.2%
Illinois 12 James Carroll Robinson Democratic 1870 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY William M. Springer (Democratic) 48.1%
  • ▌ Andrew Simpson (Republican) 40.9%
  • ▌ Jonathan B. Turner (Independent Republican) 11.0%
Illinois 13 John McNulta Republican 1872 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Illinois 14 Joseph G. Cannon Republican 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Joseph G. Cannon (Republican) 51.5%
  • ▌ James H. Pickrell (Democratic) 48.5%
Illinois 15 John R. Eden Democratic 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
Illinois 16 James Stewart Martin Republican 1872 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Illinois 17 William R. Morrison Democratic 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
Illinois 18 Isaac Clements Republican 1872 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Illinois 19 Samuel S. Marshall Democratic 1864 Incumbent lost re-election.
Independent gain.

[6]

Indiana

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District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Indiana 1 None (new district) New district.
Democratic gain.
Indiana 2 William E. Niblack
Redistricted from the 1st district.		 Democratic 1864 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Indiana 3 Simeon K. Wolfe
Redistricted from the 2nd district.		 Democratic 1872 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Indiana 4 None (new district) New district.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Jeptha D. New (Democratic) 52.5%
  • ▌ W. J. Robinson (Republican) 47.5%
Indiana 5 William S. Holman
Redistricted from the 3rd district.		 Democratic 1866 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY William S. Holman (Democratic) 55.1%
  • ▌ Benjamin F. Claypool (Republican) 44.9%
Indiana 6 Jeremiah M. Wilson
Redistricted from the 4th district.		 Republican 1870 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Milton S. Robinson (Republican) 44.0%
  • ▌ Edmund Johnson (Democratic) 42.4%
  • ▌ A. V. Pendleton (Independent) 13.7%
Indiana 7 John Coburn
Redistricted from the 5th district.		 Republican 1866 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Indiana 8 Morton C. Hunter
Redistricted from the 6th district.		 Republican 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
Indiana 9 Thomas J. Cason
Redistricted from the 7th district.		 Republican 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Thomas J. Cason (Republican) 42.3%
  • ▌ Leander McClurg (Democratic) 40.9%
  • ▌ C. J. Bowles (Independent) 16.9%
Godlove S. Orth
Redistricted from the at-large district.		 Republican 1872 Incumbent retired.
Republican loss.
Indiana 10 Jasper Packard
Redistricted from the at-large district.		 Republican 1868 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
Indiana 11 James Noble Tyner
Redistricted from the 8th district.		 Republican 1868 Incumbent lost renomination.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY James L. Evans (Republican) 52.1%
  • ▌ J. D. Cox (Democratic) 47.9%
Indiana 12 John P. C. Shanks
Redistricted from the 9th district.		 Republican 1866 Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic gain.
Henry B. Sayler
Redistricted from the 10th district.		 Republican 1872 Incumbent retired.
Republican loss.
Indiana 13 William Williams
Redistricted from the at-large district.		 Republican 1866 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY John Baker (Republican) 50.1%
  • ▌ Freeman Kelley (Democratic) 49.9%

[6]

Iowa

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District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Iowa 1 George W. McCrary Republican 1868 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY George W. McCrary (Republican) 54.5%
  • ▌ Leroy G. Palmer (Democratic/Anti-Monopoly) 45.5%
Iowa 2 Aylett R. Cotton Republican 1870 Incumbent lost renomination.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY John Q. Tufts (Republican) 51.6%
  • ▌ J. L. Sheean (Democratic/Anti-Monopoly) 48.4%
Iowa 3 William G. Donnan Republican 1870 Incumbent retired.
Democratic/Anti-Monopoly gain.
Iowa 4 Henry Otis Pratt Republican 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Henry Otis Pratt (Republican) 60.4%
  • ▌ John Bowman (Democratic/Anti-Monopoly) 39.3%
Iowa 5 James Wilson Republican 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY James Wilson (Republican) 63.0%
  • ▌ James Wilkinson (Democratic/Anti-Monopoly) 37.0%
Iowa 6 William Loughridge Republican 1872 Incumbent lost renomination.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Ezekiel S. Sampson (Republican) 56.1%
  • ▌ Enoch N. Gates (Democratic/Anti-Monopoly) 43.8%
Iowa 7 John A. Kasson Republican 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY John A. Kasson (Republican) 55.2%
  • ▌ John D. Whitman (Democratic/Anti-Monopoly) 44.8%
Iowa 8 James W. McDill Republican 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY James W. McDill (Republican) 57.1%
  • ▌ Anson Rood (Democratic/Anti-Monopoly) 42.8%
Iowa 9 Jackson Orr Republican 1870 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY S. Addison Oliver (Republican) 64.9%
  • ▌ Charles E. Whiting (Democratic/Anti-Monopoly) 35.0%

[6]

Kansas

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District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Kansas 1 William A. Phillips
Redistricted from the at-large district.		 Republican 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
Kansas 2 Stephen A. Cobb
Redistricted from the at-large district.		 Republican 1872 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
David P. Lowe
Redistricted from the at-large district.		 Republican 1870 Incumbent retired.
Republican loss.
Kansas 3 None (new district) New district.
Republican gain.

[6]

Kentucky

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District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Kentucky 1 Edward Crossland Democratic 1870 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Andrew Boone (Democratic) 45.5%
  • ▌ Oscar Turner (Ind. Democratic) 44.8%
  • ▌ Thomas J. Pickett (Ind. Republican) 9.7%
Kentucky 2 John Y. Brown Democratic 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY John Y. Brown (Democratic) 61.3%
  • ▌ George Smith (Republican) 32.1%
  • ▌ Edward R. Weir (Ind. Republican) 6.6%
Kentucky 3 Charles W. Milliken Democratic 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Charles W. Milliken (Democratic) 72.9%
  • ▌ Franklin Gorin (Republican) 22.1%
  • ▌ W. H. Butler (Ind. Republican) 4.9%
Kentucky 4 William B. Read Democratic 1870 Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic hold.
Kentucky 5 Elisha Standiford Democratic 1872 Incumbent declined renomination.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Edward Y. Parsons (Democratic) 78.6%
  • ▌ John T. Gray (Ind. Republican) 15.7%
  • ▌ L. O. Wood (Independent) 5.7%
Kentucky 6 William Evans Arthur Democratic 1870 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Thomas L. Jones (Democratic) 48.9%
  • ▌ Charles Eginton (Republican) 27.9%
  • ▌ Overton P. Hogan (Ind. Republican) 23.2%
Kentucky 7 James B. Beck Democratic 1867 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Kentucky 8 Milton J. Durham Democratic 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
Kentucky 9 George Madison Adams Democratic 1867 Incumbent lost renomination.
Republican gain.
  • ▌Green tickY John D. White (Republican) 51.3%
  • ▌ Harrison Cockrell (Democratic) 47.6%
  • ▌ James C. Matherly (Independent) 1.1%
Kentucky 10 John Duncan Young Democratic 1872 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.

[6]

Louisiana

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District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Louisiana 1 J. Hale Sypher Republican 1870 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Louisiana 2 Lionel Allen Sheldon Republican 1868 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Louisiana 3 Chester Bidwell Darrall Republican 1868 Incumbent re-elected.
Louisiana 4 George Luke Smith Republican 1873 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Louisiana 5 Frank Morey Republican 1868 Incumbent re-elected.
Election successfully contested.
New member seated June 8, 1876.
Democratic gain.
Louisiana 6 None (new district) New district.
Republican gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Charles E. Nash (Republican) 52.1%
  • ▌ Joseph M. Moore (Democratic) 47.9%

[6]

Maine

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District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Maine 1 John H. Burleigh Republican 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
Maine 2 William P. Frye Republican 1870 Incumbent re-elected.
Maine 3 James G. Blaine Republican 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY James G. Blaine (Republican) 56.8%
  • ▌ Edward K. O'Brien (Democratic) 43.0%
Maine 4 Samuel F. Hersey Republican 1872 Incumbent re-elected but died before next term.
  • ▌Green tickY Samuel F. Hersey (Republican) 58.8%
  • ▌ Gorham L. Boynton (Democratic) 40.9%
Maine 5 Eugene Hale Republican 1868 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Eugene Hale (Republican) 56.9%
  • ▌ Charles A. Spofford (Democratic) 43.1%

[6]

Maryland

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District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Maryland 1 Ephraim K. Wilson II Democratic 1872 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Maryland 2 Stevenson Archer Democratic 1866 Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic hold.
Maryland 3 William J. O'Brien Democratic 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
Maryland 4 Thomas Swann Democratic 1868 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Thomas Swann (Democratic) 60.1%
  • ▌ John R. Cox (Republican) 39.9%
Maryland 5 William Albert Republican 1874 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Eli J. Henkle (Democratic) 53.2%
  • ▌ [FNU] Hagner (Republican) 46.9%
Maryland 6 Lloyd Lowndes Jr. Republican 1872 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.

[6]

Massachusetts

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District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Massachusetts 1 James Buffinton Republican 1868 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 2 Benjamin W. Harris Republican 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 3 William Whiting II Republican 1872 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Massachusetts 4 Samuel Hooper Republican 1861 (special) Incumbent retired.
New member elected after initial result overturned.
Democratic gain.
Massachusetts 5 Daniel W. Gooch Republican 1872 Incumbent lost re-election.
Independent gain.
Massachusetts 6 Benjamin Butler Republican 1866 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Massachusetts 7 Ebenezer R. Hoar Republican 1872 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY John K. Tarbox (Democratic) 54.77%
  • ▌James C. Ayer (Republican) 45.23%
Massachusetts 8 John M. S. Williams Republican 1872 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Massachusetts 9 George F. Hoar Republican 1868 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 10 Alvah Crocker Republican 1872 (special) Incumbent retired.
Independent gain.
Massachusetts 11 Henry L. Dawes Republican 1856 Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senate.
Democratic gain.

Michigan

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District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Michigan 1 Moses W. Field Republican 1872 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Michigan 2 Henry Waldron Republican 1870 Incumbent re-elected.
Michigan 3 George Willard Republican 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY George Willard (Republican) 50.5%
  • ▌ Fidus Livermore (Democratic) 45.9%
Michigan 4 Julius C. Burrows Republican 1872 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Michigan 5 William B. Williams Republican 1873 Incumbent re-elected.
Michigan 6 Josiah Begole Republican 1872 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Michigan 7 Omar D. Conger Republican 1868 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Omar D. Conger (Republican) 54.0%
  • ▌ Enos M. Goodrich (Democratic) 43.5%
  • ▌ H. Fish (Prohibition ) 2.5%
Michigan 8 Nathan B. Bradley Republican 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
Michigan 9 Jay A. Hubbell Republican 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Jay A. Hubbell (Republican) 78.8%
  • ▌ H. D. Noble (Democratic) 21.2%

[6]

Minnesota

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District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Minnesota 1 Mark H. Dunnell Republican 1870 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Mark H. Dunnell (Republican) 54.9%
  • ▌ Franklin H. Waite (Democratic) 45.1%
Minnesota 2 Horace B. Strait Republican 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
Minnesota 3 John T. Averill Republican 1870 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.

[6]

Mississippi

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District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Mississippi 1 Lucius Q. C. Lamar Democratic 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 2 Albert R. Howe Republican 1872 Incumbent lost re-election.
Independent Republican gain.
Mississippi 3 Henry W. Barry Republican 1869 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
Mississippi 4 Jason Niles Republican 1872 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Mississippi 5 George C. McKee Republican 1869 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
Mississippi 6 John R. Lynch Republican 1872 Incumbent re-elected.

Missouri

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District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Missouri 1 Edwin O. Stanard Republican 1872 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Missouri 2 Erastus Wells Democratic 1868 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Erastus Wells (Democratic) 71.5%
  • ▌ Daniel F. Fisher (Republican) 28.5%
Missouri 3 William Henry Stone Democratic 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
Missouri 4 Robert A. Hatcher Democratic 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
Missouri 5 Richard P. Bland Democratic 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
Missouri 6 Harrison E. Havens Republican 1870 Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic gain.
Missouri 7 Thomas Theodore Crittenden Democratic 1872 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Missouri 8 Abram Comingo Democratic 1870 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Benjamin J. Franklin (Democratic) 63.9%
  • ▌ Jesse P. Alexander (Independent) 19.9%
  • ▌ W. H. Powell (Republican) 16.2%
Missouri 9 Isaac C. Parker Republican 1870 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY David Rea (Democratic) 55.5%
  • ▌ Philip A. Thompson (Republican) 44.5%
Missouri 10 Ira B. Hyde Republican 1872 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Missouri 11 John B. Clark Jr. Democratic 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
Missouri 12 John M. Glover Democratic 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY John M. Glover (Democratic) 57.9%
  • ▌ Henry S. Lipscomb (Independent) 42.1%
Missouri 13 Aylett H. Buckner Democratic 1872 Incumbent re-elected.

[6]

Montana Territory

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See Non-voting delegates, below.

Nebraska

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District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Nebraska at-large Lorenzo Crounse Republican 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Lorenzo Crounse (Republican) 62.70%
  • ▌James W. Savage (Democratic) 23.26%
  • ▌James W. Davis (Independent) 11.34%
  • ▌James G. Miller (Prohibition) 2.71%[15]

Nevada

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New Hampshire

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New Jersey

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New Mexico Territory

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See Non-voting delegates, below.

New York

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North Carolina

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Ohio

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Oregon

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Oregon Results
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Oregon at-large James Nesmith Democratic 1873 Incumbent retired.
New member elected June 1, 1874.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY George A. La Dow (Democratic) 38.06%
  • ▌Richard Williams (Republican) 36.87%
  • ▌Timothy W. Davenport

Pennsylvania

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Rhode Island

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South Carolina

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District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
South Carolina 1 Joseph Rainey Republican 1870 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Joseph Rainey (Republican) 51.4%
  • ▌Samuel Lee (Ind. Republican) 48.6%
South Carolina 2 Alonzo J. Ransier Republican 1872 Incumbent retired.
Independent Republican gain.
Election was later successfully challenged, declared vacant, and a special election was then held.
South Carolina 3 Robert B. Elliott Republican 1870 Incumbent resigned November 1, 1874, to serve as sheriff.
Republican hold
South Carolina 4 Alexander S. Wallace Republican 1868 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 5 Richard H. Cain
Redistricted from the at-large seat		 Republican 1872 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Robert Smalls (Republican) 79.4%
  • ▌J. P. M. Epping (Ind. Republican) 19.9%
  • Others 0.7%

Tennessee

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District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Tennessee 1 Roderick R. Butler Republican 1867 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Tennessee 2 Jacob M. Thornburgh Republican 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 3 William Crutchfield Republican 1872 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
Tennessee 4 None (new district) New district.
Democratic gain.
Tennessee 5 John M. Bright
Redistricted from the 4th district.		 Democratic 1870 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 6 Horace Harrison
Redistricted from the 5th district.		 Republican 1872 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Tennessee 7 Washington C. Whitthorne
Redistricted from the 7th district.		 Democratic 1870 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Washington C. Whitthorne (Democratic) 78.13%
  • ▌Theodore H. Gibbs (Republican) 14.32%
  • ▌G. W. Blackburn (Independent Republican) 7.55%[22]
Tennessee 8 John D. C. Atkins
Redistricted from the 7th district.		 Democratic 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 9 David A. Nunn
Redistricted from the 8th district.		 Republican 1872 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Tennessee 10 Barbour Lewis
Redistricted from the 9th district.		 Republican 1872 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.

Texas

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Utah Territory

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See Non-voting delegates, below.

Vermont

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District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[26]
Vermont 1 Charles W. Willard Republican 1868 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican hold.
Vermont 2 Luke P. Poland Republican 1866 Incumbent lost re-election.
Independent Republican gain.
First ballot
  • ▌Dudley C. Denison (Ind. Republican) 44.7%
  • ▌Luke P. Poland (Republican) 36.6%
  • ▌Charles Davenport (Democratic) 12.5%
  • ▌John B. Mead (Ind. Republican) 4.2%
Second ballot
Vermont 3 George Hendee Republican 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY George Hendee (Republican) 71.3%
  • ▌John Edwards (Democratic) 28.7%

Virginia

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District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[27]
Virginia 1 James Beverley Sener Republican 1872 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Virginia 2 James H. Platt Jr. Republican 1869 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Virginia 3 Charles H. Porter Republican 1869 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Gilbert C. Walker (Democratic) 55.3%
  • ▌Rush Bargess (Republican) 44.5%
  • ▌R. A. Paul (Unknown) 0.2%
Virginia 4 William H. H. Stowell Republican 1870 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 5 Christopher Thomas Republican 1872 (contest) Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Virginia 6 Thomas Whitehead Democratic 1872 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Virginia 7 John T. Harris Democratic 1870 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 8 Eppa Hunton Democratic 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Eppa Hunton (Democratic) 51.4%
  • ▌James Barbour (Republican) 48.6%
Virginia 9 Rees Bowen Democratic 1872 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.

Washington Territory

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See Non-voting delegates, below.

West Virginia

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District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
West Virginia 1 John J. Davis Independent
Democratic		 1870 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
West Virginia 2 John Hagans Republican 1872 Incumbent lost re-election as an Independent.
Democratic gain.
West Virginia 3 Frank Hereford Democratic 1870 Incumbent re-elected.

Wisconsin

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District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Wisconsin 1 Charles G. Williams Republican 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 2 Gerry Whiting Hazelton Republican 1870 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Wisconsin 3 J. Allen Barber Republican 1870 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Henry S. Magoon (Republican) 52.7%
  • ▌Charles F. Thompson (Democratic) 47.3%
Wisconsin 4 Alexander Mitchell Democratic 1870 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Wisconsin 5 Charles A. Eldredge Democratic 1862 Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic hold.
Wisconsin 6 Philetus Sawyer Republican 1864 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Wisconsin 7 Jeremiah M. Rusk Republican 1870 Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 8 Alexander S. McDill Republican 1872 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.

Wyoming Territory

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See Non-voting delegates, below.

Non-voting delegates

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District Incumbent This race
Delegate Party First elected Results Candidates
Arizona Territory at-large
Dakota Territory at-large Moses K. Armstrong Democratic 1870 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
Colorado Territory at-large Jerome B. Chaffee Republican 1870 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
Idaho Territory at-large John Hailey Democratic 1872 Incumbent retired.
Independent gain.
Result successfully contested.
Democratic hold.
Montana Territory at-large Martin Maginnis Democratic 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
New Mexico Territory at-large
Utah Territory at-large
Washington Territory at-large
Wyoming Territory at-large William R. Steele Democratic 1872 Incumbent re-elected.

See also

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Notes

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  1. ↑ The majority of states held their elections on this date. 13 other states held regular elections on different dates between June 1, 1874, and September 7, 1875.
  2. 1 2 Includes late elections.
  3. ↑ Included 1 Independent Democrat.
  4. 1 2 Includes 3 Independent Republicans.
  5. 1 2 3 Includes 1 Independent Democrat, William H. Felton, elected to Georgia's 7th congressional district.
  6. ↑ There were 4 Independents, 3 Independent Republicans, and 1 Independent Democrat.
  7. 1 2 3 Elections held late.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Elections held early.
  9. 1 2 3 Includes 1 Independent Republican.
  10. ↑ Thomas M. Gunter lost election in 1872 to William W. Wilshire, contested the election and was seated June 1874.
  11. ↑ Died before term began.

References

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  1. 1 2 Martis, pp. 128–129.
  2. ↑ Barreyre, Nicolas (2011). "The Politics of Economic Crises: The Panic of 1873, the End of Reconstruction, and the realignment of American Politics". Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era. 10 (4): 403–423. doi:10.1017/S1537781411000260.
  3. ↑ Campbell, James E. (Fall 2006). "Party Systems and Realignments in the United States, 1868-2004". Social Science History. 30 (3): 359–386. doi:10.1017/S014555320001350X. S2CID 15075840.
  4. ↑ Rhodes, James Ford (1920). History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850: 1872-1877. The Macmillan company. p. 67.
  5. ↑ Statutes at Large, 28th Congress, 2nd Session, p. 721.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Guide to U.S. elections (6th ed (Online-Ausg.) ed.). Washington, D.C: CQ Press. 2010. ISBN 978-1-60426-536-1.
  7. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections. Vol. II (6th ed.). Washington, D.C.: CQ Press. 2010. p. 1046. ISBN 9781604265361. LCCN 2009033938. OCLC 430736650.
  8. ↑ "State of Connecticut Elections Database » Search Past Election Results". State of Connecticut Elections Database. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
  9. ↑ "MS - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 11, 2021.
  10. ↑ "MS - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 11, 2021.
  11. ↑ "MS - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 11, 2021.
  12. ↑ "MS - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 11, 2021.
  13. ↑ "MS - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 11, 2021.
  14. ↑ "MS - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 11, 2021.
  15. ↑ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 01 Race - Oct 13, 1874". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved September 19, 2021.
  16. ↑ "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
  17. ↑ "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
  18. ↑ "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
  19. ↑ "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
  20. ↑ "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
  21. ↑ "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
  22. ↑ "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
  23. ↑ "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
  24. ↑ "TN - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
  25. ↑ "TN - District 10". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
  26. ↑ "VT Elections Database » Vermont Election Results and Statistics". VT Elections Database. Retrieved August 29, 2024.
  27. ↑ "Virginia Elections Database » Virginia Election Results and Statistics". Virginia Elections Database. Retrieved September 2, 2024.
  28. ↑ "WV District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  29. ↑ "WV District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  30. ↑ "WV District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  31. ↑ "DK Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  32. ↑ "Our Campaigns - CO Territorial Delegate - Final Election Race - Nov 03, 1874". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  33. ↑ "ID Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 3, 2021.
  34. ↑ "MT Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 4, 2021.
  35. ↑ "WY Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 11, 2021.

Bibliography

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